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The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine eight teacher students’ experiences in using the reflective narrative journal in the process of their Practicum.  Specifically, this study focused on capturing the essence of the experiences related to reactions, feelings and thoughts about the reflective narrative journal entries in Practicum process. Qualitative analysis revealed that reflective narrative journal for student teachers encompasses the progress of personal, professional knowledge, mental discipline, context to link theory with practice-world, professional interaction development with others, self-awareness from their development process.In addition to those, It endeavours Side effects such as empowerment in writing. 

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This study conducted with aim of investigation profound experiences of elementary male students in the fourth and fifth grades from the descriptive evaluation. The method of this study was qualitative and phenomenological one. To achieve this objective and considering the nature of the study, purposeful sampling was used. Collected Data were saturated by interviewing with nine students. Data were analyzed by MAXQDA10 software. The results of these experiences were summarized at five themes and several subthemes. These themes included: "positive perception of descriptive evaluation", "negative perception of descriptive evaluation", "appropriate for bottom grades" pleasant for lazy students parents "and" harmful for lazy students". These findings can help Authorities in investigation the conditions of descriptive evaluation, its advantages and disadvantages. So they can take steps in Solving Problems and improvements, Remove or replacement of this evaluation.

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This purpose of this study was offering a systematic review and a meta-synthesis of the theoretical patterns and studies conducted with the aim of contrasting and comparing teacher training in Iran and worldwide. The approach used in this study included discretional qualitative research synthesis which was fulfilled through content analysis and meta-synthesis. The total corpus for this study included studies, books, and theses conducted with contrastive goals in the field of teacher training in Iran and abroad during 2000 and 2017. The sample corpus included more than 10 books on contrastive education that was published in the past 15 years in Iran, 3 books in English, 35 studies, theses, and research in Persian and English. A conceptual framework was then formed based on the results for contrasting the teacher training systems which included 3 main aspects: a comprehensive program of education, social patterns and economic patterns.

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Flipped classroom is a way to create positive changes in education; therefore, in the present study we tried to offer a comprehensive operating model of implementation of this method based on research synthesis. The corpus of this study consisted of all scientific articles published about the implementation of flipped classroom. From this corpus 1084 papers were identified through constant searching of the scientific data bases and a total of 100 articles were selected for the final analysis. A researcher-made worksheet form was used for the purpose of reporting and submitting information. The obtained data were analyzed through six-step model for meta-synthesis Roberts using Open and axial coding techniques. According to the findings Curriculum Design in the flipped classroom includes a change in the structure of classroom which has defined different and new roles and responsibilities for teachers and learners.

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Scientific disciplines evolve based on the modern needs of societies and curriculum is no exception. One of the recent concepts introduced in the curriculum area is curriculum counseling. Explaining and conceptualizing this concept could facilitate the improvement of the learning level and realizing the objectives of the curriculum. In this study, curriculum counseling was discussed as a new concept in curriculum studies. The approach employed in this research was qualitative with systematic review. The research data was collected through library studies and documentation. The findings of this study indicated that the concept of counseling curriculum has its theoretical basis and ground in new conceptualists’ theories, including phenomenology theory and autobiography of the curriculum. In addition, curriculum counseling could play an important role in improving the level of learning and the teaching-learning methods, and particularly the development and enhancement of learner personality within the framework of curriculum. Counseling and psychology could cooperate effectively in curriculum studies in order to achieve curriculum counseling goals. 

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The main purpose of this study was to compare the performance of grade-skipped students with their peers in mathematical reasoning and applying. In this study, gender and mathematical self-concept were considered as effective variables. This study was a part of a longitudinal study.  The data analysis was performed through repeated measurements and the results showed that in applying math concepts, grade-skipped students outperformed their peers. However, there was no significant difference between grade-skipped students and their peers regarding the reasoning; although the 4th-grade students are better than the 3th-grade. The girls and boys showed the same function on applying, reasoning and between grade-skipped students and non- grade-skipped. Mathematical self-concept was also similar in three groups. It seems that grade-skipping does not have negative effects on math performance. Of course considering other academic contexts, emotional and social aspects and pursuing the effects of acceleration in long-term is necessary for informed decision-making in the field of grade-skipping.

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The purpose of this study was to examine multicultural education in the content of Farsi textbooks of elementary education in Iran.This research was conducted within a qualitative framework and the qualitative content analysis method was used with a conventional (inductive) approach. The sampling method was purposeful and the sample included Farsi textbooks of all the grades of elementary education. The unit of analysis (record) was the theme, pictures and units of the textbooks. To determine the reliability of the qualitative content analysis method with the inductive approach, the review was conducted in two stages, one after completion of 10-50% of the categorizations and the other at the end of the research. Five categories were extracted as the result: introducing and paying attention to mother tongue of ethnoses; introducing celebrities; reflection of dressing style of ethnoses; cultural traditions of ethnoses and introducing cultural heritage. The analysis of the quality of the books showed that only the trace of dominant culture in the textbooks was observed. The findings show that the educational system seemingly seeks to implement a pattern of cultural assimilation that leads to the suppression of the languages and cultures of the Iranian minorities. This approach could bring about negative and reverse effects, and increase the awareness of the people of their identity and history and culture.

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This research aimed to evaluate of sex education curriculum in Formal educational system and public.

The research method is descriptive survey

Findings: In general, the results of this study indicate that the situation is not optimal sex education in the curriculum of students. Most observers cognitive and emotional goals and is considered less skill. The content is very small and could provide an opportunity for sexual education students need for more attention and revised. And fitness training methods, as well as evaluating the shortcomings and weaknesses with regard to educational content can be very effective

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Nowadays, there is a growing interest in transdisciplinary approach to university curriculum development,
transdisciplinary Studies are about the realms, goals, and goals of the transition field. The early phases of transdisciplinary in higher education curriculum can be complex and so there are challenges to the definition and operationalization this approach to the university curriculum. In this paper,  in  respect to the different perspectives on the subject, the conceptual framework and the model of the curriculum based on the causal layered learning are explained and the challenges and obligations of the subject are conceptualized based on four different types of curricular issues: Philosophical and pedagogical considerations, issues and responsibilities affecting the teaching process,  issues and responsibilities affecting students learning, issues and responsibilities affecting course design and issues and responsibilities affecting learning assessment. 

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The main objective of This research was to identify and validate the characteristics of the effective teacher in the elementary period.The first part of the Q-method was used. The statistical population in this section was all faculty members of educational sciences of Tehran universities(N=349),that20of them were selected according to the purposive sampling and snowball.The Data collection tool is the Q-diagram.Its reliability was confirmed by reviewing40documents and approved by3experts university.The validity of thequestionnaire was84/0.The second part is based on exploratory factor analysis.The statistical population of this study was all the professors of educational sciences in Tehran universities and elementary education groups of Tehran(N=987).The random sampling method was325people.The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose content reliability was confirmed by3experts and validity (α=96/0).The main findings indicated that65characteristics were identified in7dimensions of personality traits,religious-ethical education,Reflective,qualifications and competencies,effective teaching,effective classroom management,and monitoring and evaluation.The7dimensions was confirmed,but between of65characteristics,5characteristics have not been validated.
 

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The objective of this research is study the role of intercultural education through bicultural art experience for improving intercultural competence. For this, a phenomenological qualitative study designed aimed to introduce different aspects of Persian culture among 9 years old Brazilian children. It contained four steps: making interest, comparing two cultures, experiencing bicultural art creation and evaluating its durability. Triangulation of data as a method kind was used for the validity and reliability. Results indicates the influence of art experience on improving cultural understanding. Furthermore bicultural art experience was effective on shifting from denial stage, decreasing polarization significantly. It also increased the ability of minimization and acceptance. Finally, art experience caused durability of intercultural understanding among children.

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The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of demographical variables on pre-service Teachers’ epistemological beliefs. This study carried out via quantitative approach and with the help of survey research method. The population is all the education pre-service Teachers in Shahid Hashemi Nejad Campus in Mashhad(562 people) in the academic year 2016-2017.The sample was selected based on Morgan Table (228 people) and the method of random classification sampling was used.Data were gathered through Epistemic Beliefs Inventory (EBI).The results revealed that pre-service Teachers’ epistemological beliefs are at the rather high level.There is no significant difference between pre-service Teachers’ academic year and their epistemological beliefs but there is a significant difference between pre-service Teachers’ marital status and their epistemological beliefs.Again there is no relationship between the academic achievement of pre-service Teachers’ and their epistemological beliefs.
 

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The present research was conducted with the aim of explaining the practical knowledge (skills and activities) of teacher training teacher based on the skillfulness of action. The first step was to investigate the history of teacher training teachers and their global studies in accordance with the combined research methodology: Total Synthesis The text of the documents and handwritten writings of the great thinkers, called Education, was studied in this field. The result of this study is the facets of action in the practical knowledge (skills and activities) of the curriculum of teacher education teachers in four themes: "Individual talents and abilities along with group collaboration", "Disagregated formations", "Analysis" Educational Position "and" Development of Thinking in Action 

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One of the problems of students’ entrance from secondary education to  university is lack of English language skills  and incentive to improve their learning. This research aims to identify the ways to strengthen English language skills with an emphasis on undergraduate students' motivation. This research is qualitative approach and Grounded theory strategy. The study population has been consisted of English language lecturers in Sanandaj’s public universities, which 14 participant purposefully were selected using theoretical sampling and theoretical data saturation indicator. The used instrument was the semi-structured qualitative interview. The process of coding and modeling of data has been done through content analysis software (MAXQDA 11). The findings shows Pedagogical themes (with concepts of active teaching methods, teaching-learning process, and Appropriateness of content), structural themes (with concepts of cultural, and educational challenges) with the formation the theory of “motivation-based instruction” will be helpful in clarifying the issue.

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Abstract
The current study aims to evaluate teaching puberty components to girls in the seventh grade of  first stage high school textbooks. These components includes sexual, physical, emotional, psychological, mental (cognitive), social, religious, and civil puberty. Research method was qualitative content analysis, and the target population included all the seventh grade of  first stage high school textbooks in the school year 1394 - 1395, and among them Thinking and Lifestyle (Mutual book for boys and girls, Thinking and Lifestyle Mutual book for boys and girls), Divine Messages, Social Studies and Experimental Science were chosen. As a result, 337 puberty components were found in the chosen books. In case of evaluation of puberty with 115 (34/ 2%) components was in the first place and Religious puberty with 115(12/32%) categories had the highest amount and putative puberty with 22 categories (52/6%) had the lowest amount.
 

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The present study seeks to rethink the role of the teacher in the teaching-learning process according to the complexity theory. First, the role of the teacher is explained in the traditional vision of Comenius and Dewey's critical insight and then the role of the teacher is discussed in the complexity theory. Then, the teacher’s image as an emergence facilitator is suggested instead of their image as a representer. In this way, the facilitator role, as recommended by the complexity theory, involves creating a context for participation along with engagement and attention, hermeneutic listening, using imagination and improvising, the emergence of different interpretations, and the non-linear, unpredictable, self-regulated, and common knowledge and awareness. From this viewpoint, facilitating and learning which are considered as simultaneous and continuous and are not limited to teacher or learners, could establish a context for the emergence of common knowledge at the classroom level.

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Recently, the National curriculum of Islamic Republic of Iran has been developed by the Ministry of Education to provide educational policies. In this document, an implicit emphasis on so called context base aspect of the program can be seen in the mathematics curriculum framework section. In this paper, I first, introduce the different aspects of context base Mathematics Education, and then this educational approach has been traced in the newly written mathematics textbooks in Iran

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This research aimed to study the challenges which elementary teachers deal with lesson study. This research studied challenges in three stages, before, during and after lesson study. To achieve the aim of the research, a case study in a school was used. Participants of this research have been 20 elementary teacher of that school. Data collection tools have been semi-structured interviews with teachers and participatory observation. Coding and categorizing were used to analyzing data. Findings showed that teachers faced with three categories of challenges before lesson study: teachers' knowledge about lesson study, teachers’ motivation to participatet in lesson study, creating group and determination of the responsibilities of the group members. During lesson study teachers faced with three categories of challenges: selecting problem, implementing lesson and data collection, reviewing and criticizing the lesson. After lesson study teachers confronted with three categories of challenges: refereeing, publishing and the lesson study festival.

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The goal of this study was to identify and develop an appropriate theoretical framework for designing curricula in crises. In this regard, first, by document analysis and ampliative criticism methods, the consequences of crises on the society and the educational system were extracted and used as a basis for criticism and drawing a conclusion. Then, relevant taxonomies in curriculum theories were studied, and based on some criteria such as comprehensiveness and efficiency in answering the research questions, the taxonomy of Miller was selected and its expounded theories on crises were analyzed. Based on results, given the special psychological and social conditions of people who have been involved with crises, it was recognized that the guidelines of the social humanistic theory are more appropriate than the others for designing a curriculum which would help increase people's resilience and cause their faster return to normal conditions.
 

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of technology of Quick Response Codes in education. Accordingly, a case study was answer the question "Does using quick response codes effect students' academic motivation?" The statistical population consisted of students from Islamic Azad University in 2016-2017. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental group using quick response codes technology based on two-dimensional bar code using fast access technology to mobile and smartphone or tablet. This barcode can provide educational content as text, image or educational video. Offer. The results of this study showed that the use of quick response codes in education has a positive effect on increasing students' academic motivation.