---

This paper is to investigate the heutagogic self-determined learning behavior of the students according to the theoretical foundations and framework of the heutagogic approach which has been carried out as a case study in Mehr-e Alborz virtual university. Among study population of Mehr-e Alborz virtual university students which were 690 people, 120 students were selected randomly by means of Proportional Stratified Random Sampling according to Morgan table and were then studied based on the heutagogic learning behavior level. Heutagogic learning behavior of the students from their view points were collected based on demographic variables (age, gender, semester and academic performance) by a researcher-developed questionnaire. The results indicate a significant relationship between two variables of academic performance and heutagogic learning behavior So that heutagogic learning behavior explains about 35% of the changes in academic performances of electronic students. Totally the heutagogic self-determined learning behaviors of the students have been estimated by intermediate or rather good level.

---

The present study is part of a bigger research project and its purpose was to investigate the influencing factors on integrating professional learning of secondary mathematics teachers with the ways in which they analyze, interpret and make decisions regarding their teaching. For the fine-grained analysis of the first layer of data, phenomenography method was used. Nine teachers were interviewed and based on the three main categories of “the presence of mathematics teachers’ educators as leading teachers’ groups”, “being familiar with various teaching methods and modify them according to personal characteristics of teacher, school and classroom” and “professional training of the cooperative group form” that were emerged in the bigger study. With the further analysis of the interviews, three sub- categories were shaped as well. They included “focusing on the specific goals and content in cooperative groups”, “considering mathematics teachers as adult learners not school students” and “the existence of common concerns between group members.
 

---

Our goal was to investigate readiness of art students in application of e-learning. This is a Descriptive- Survey research. Three hundred and forty-seven students of Alzahra University, Tarbiat Modares University, University of Tehran and Art University in 2013-2014 were selected by multistage cluster sampling and via Morgan Table. Their readiness for E-learning application was assessed by researcher-developed questionnaire. Data analysis is done by indexes of Descriptive statistics and One-Sample T-test. The results showed that a significant relationship was found between readiness of undergraduate students, graduate Students and post-graduate students to apply E-learning, but there was no significant relationship between the other variables of research (Sex, University and Field of Study). Results revealed that Art students were located in Moderate level of readiness for applying E-learning.
 

---

In this study using the narratives of Assistant professor about flipped learning of university during her four academic semesters. This study is a narrative inquiry based research, one that belongs to  qualitative and interpretative paradigms.  The data analysis shows that in method the traditional classroom teaching with the same components, but we are dealing arrangement and concluded that it is obtained, it can be different. This study shows Some challenges that exist in the implementation of this method have been discussed. This study analyzed the narrative " flipped learning" in higher education is discussed.

---

---

The present study aims at determining teachers’ professional qualifications in “the learning approach to knowing” and presenting executive strategies for realization of this approach. The research employs an exploratory mixed-method research. The population in the qualitative part of the research consists of experts of education and in the quantitative part includes all high school teachers of Districts 2 and 3 of Isfahan. To select participants in both parts, the purposive sampling technique was used; in the qualitative part, 20 experts were employed using the chain purposive sampling method, and in the quantitative part, teachers with MA/MSc and PhD degrees of Isfahan City were selected. To collect data in the qualitative part, semi-structured interviewing technique, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire with 14 scales of professional qualifications for teachers were usedualitative findings were analyzed suing content analysis of interviews, and quantitative findings were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
 

---

The purpose of this study is understanding the Personal Practical Knowledge (PPK) of teachers which has been done through qualitative method. Understanding PPK helps us to understand why teachers act in a specific way. In this regards, reflecting on their personal and professional narratives also help to improve their practice. This study was conducted along with 13 teachers in a non-profit primary school in Tehran. The results of the study indicate teachers’ rich knowledge of factors affecting success of the teaching profession. However, the data obtained from the observations show the difference between what the teacher describes as a successful teacher and effective teaching, and what happens in their practice. The dynamic and contextual nature of the teacher's knowledge and the different meanings and interpretations of similar experiences and events and absence of reflection are the factors that cause this differences.

---

The purpose of this study was to design, implement and evaluate e-learning based on the third and fourth Paradigms of Kashman's theory. The research method was quasi-experimental and mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population of the undergraduate students of Shahid Beheshti Medical Education Faculty of Tehran was selected by sampling method available to students of medical education. The data collection tool was a questionnaire of satisfaction, motivation and period test. Their reliability was calculated 86%, 86% and 83%, respectively. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using multi-variable covariance analysis, Tukey post hoc test and maxquda12 software. The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of the design was based on the third and fourth paradigms in comparison with the existing methods from the viewpoint of the students of the medical education faculty in all three variables of development, motivation and satisfaction.
 

---

workplace curriculum as an emerging aspest of curriculum discipline, attempt to apply the finding of this field of study in workplace learning. The purpose of this research is to examine the different dimensions of the workplace curriculum in the related studies and present a workplace curriculum model. Research methodology is thematic research synthesis and research community is All published document in the field of workplace curriculum from 1993 to 2017 in seven valid databases. The content of the documents was categorized and organized by using MAXQDA (18). Based on the results, the workplace curriculum as main theme has four themes: "aspect", "effective factors", "constructive elements" and "expected outcomes". Each of the themes also has a variety of levels that have been used in workplace curricuum model. The proposed model has influential factors, the curuculum cycle, and the output of the workplace curriculum.

---

The present study aims to explore the impact of the hidden curriculum components on non-cognitive (affective) characteristics of learning of components on non-cognitive (affective) characteristics of learning of students in different high schools (public, non-public, magnet & exceptional talents high schools) to design better learning and educational environments. The research method is a mixed one by using a cross-sectional survey method in a quantitative way. In the cross-sectional method, the data were collected based on the h

---

The aim of the present study was to investigate what and how entertainment-based education is in elementary school curricula. The research paradigm was qualitative and research synthesis method. The research population consisted of valid and new research papers, books and research projects in the world and the sampling method was a purposeful method based on criteria. In order to improve the quality of the findings, after the final coding and categorization, the opinions of the professors of the curriculum were used. The logic of the program was explained in the form of a set of philosophical foundations of constructivism. The goals of entertainment-based education included building individual competence, skills training, reducing the digital divide, building interest in education, promoting media literacy, and providing lifelong learning;Teaching and learning strategies included direct instruction, rotational instruction, problem-solving instruction, and exploratory instruction;Evaluation is done in the form of formative evaluation, self-evaluation and final evaluation.
 

---

The-present study investigates the"phenomenology of-evaluating learning outcomes".In-terms of-purpose, application and-method of-conducting qualitative research is of-phenomenological type.The-research population includes all the-professors in the field of-education from the-universities in-Tehran.Using snowball sampling and-continuous comparison of-data until theoretical saturation,10of them were interviewed with-semi-structured interview.Its subject area was in-the-field of-educational sciences.The-method of-data gathering includes field studies,library studies,and-semi-structured interviews.In-order to-ensure the-reliability of-the-research data,the-methods of-triangulation of-data sources,repeated studies,continuous adaptation of-data,summarization,classification of-information and-review of-the interviews by-the-interviewee professors and-also by-the-main supervisors and-advisors were used.In-order to-evaluate the-validity of-the-data obtained by-purposive sampling method from the-opinions of-36-professors of-other universities in-Tehran who have expertise in-this subject were used to-achieve theoretical saturation.The-data of-this study were analyzed using the-seven-step model of-Wan Manen and- Finally,5-structures(nature of-evaluation,evaluator(teacher),nature of-learning outcomes,evaluated(student)and-nature of-curriculum),17-dimensions,87-categories and-320-indicators of-phenomenology of-evaluating learning outcomes in-the-format of-a model were identified.The-Findings show that the-evaluation of-learning outcomes is surrounded by-5-mentioned structures;and-the-obtained structures,dimensions and-indicators are related to-each other and-all of-them contribute to-the-measurement of-learning outcomes and-have the-same value.

---

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the prerequisites of a dialogical teaching-learning strategy, proportionate‎ to generational characteristics of todaychr('39')s ‎undergraduate students, using the mixed method. The tools used in the qualitative and quantitative sections were semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire, respectively. The analysis of the findings in the qualitative part is based on grounded theory and in the quantitative part is descriptive-survey. The statistical population in the qualitative section was the experts, of which the sample of them continued in a targeted manner‎. The statistical population in the quantitative section, consisted of faculty members and undergraduate ‎students from whom the research sample was selected from them by stratified ‎random method. Based on the findings, 8 important prerequisites were identified. As a result, the academic motivation and scientific growth of todaychr('39')s students, depends on the efforts of teachers in the application of the mentioned Prerequisites.

---

This research is applied in terms of purpose and synthesis in terms of method. The scope of research and the main sources of data collection are numerous studies that have been conducted since the outbreak of Covid-19 virus in connection with the challenges of transition from face-to-face to virtual education in Iran and abroad. 69 samples were purposefully selected. In the next steps, information coding and classification was performed; The combination of categories and the results of the analysis led to the extraction of a conceptual framework related to the challenges of transfer from face-to-face training to virtual training and the presentation of appropriate strategies for this transfer. In general, the challenges of transition to e-learning in two dimensions, macro and micro, were extracted in four categories and 22 codes, and successful transfer strategies from face-to-face to virtual education were presented in seven categories and 17 codes.

---

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using educational podcasts on academic achievement, learning motivation and creative learning. The statistical population included all students in Sabzevar in the academic year 1398-99 and the statistical sample of this study was 50 students of Sabzevar 2 who were selected by Purposeful sampling method and randomly divided into experimental groups (N = 25) and control (n = 25). The students in the experimental group were trained with educational podcasts and the students in the control group were trained with traditional training. Harter Learning Motivation Questionnaire, Torrance Creativity and Academic Achievement Questionnaire were used in pre-test and post-test. Performance data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that the use of multimedia system of educational podcasts had a significant effect on academic achievement, intrinsic motivation to learn and creative learning of students social studies course.

---

The study aim wasto designingand validationthe patternof self-learning packagefor multi-grade classesin secondprimary school&to investigateits internal validity.The method wasa mixed method withsequential exploratory design.In the qualitative part,the qualitativecontent analysis methodwas used,and in the quantitative part,the survey method was used for internal validity.In the qualitative part community wereall multigrade teachers,educational leaders,specialistsand experts and alldocuments and theoreticaland research resourcesof multigrade classes that15persons andrelated resources as samples were choosenusing targeted sampling method.Sample size was determined basedonthe principleof theoretical saturation.Data collection tools were reviewof theoreticaland research foundations and semi-structured interviews.In the quantitative part,for internal validity,the research population includedall multi-grade teachers and instructional design specialists,whom30peoples were selected by available sampling method that the commented about pattern in the first and final stagesof designing.The datacollection toolwas a researcher-made questionnaire.The findingsof the qualitative section showed8main components.Internal validity findings using one-samplet-test showed that the meanof all itemswas higherthan the hypothetical mean of3andthis differencewas significant.Accordingly,the self-learning package patternhas internal validity.

---

The aim of this study was to discover the philosophical foundations of teaching in teaching-learning strategies to determine the position of identifying these foundations in the field of thought and practice. The research approach was descriptive-analytical and of qualitative and documentary type. Data were collected using text analysis technique and taken from texts of different sources, using form and note taking. To answer the research question, six epistemological questions were asked in line with various teaching models. The results showed that knowledge in the teaching models of information processing is relative and subjective and the type of knowledge in the teaching models of this family can be classified as sensory knowledge, experimental intellectual knowledge and partly intuitive knowledge. The results in the philosophical schools section supporting these models included the classical schools (idealism and realism), the school of pragmatism, naturalism, existentialism, and postmodernism (individual and social constructivism).

---

The purpose of this study is to design an educational program using dialogic education approach to cultivate the aesthetic perception of student teachers using A/r/tographical learning tasks.The research was a qualitative one and opted for normative method consisting. Finally,11 learning tasks were developed.

---

Multi-grade classes are used for small groups of students in which one teacher for each gread is impractical. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation of education and learning in multigrade classrooms from the perspective of teachers in North Khorasan province. To achieve this goal, phenomenological research method was used as a qualitative method. Participants in the interview were selected using purposive sampling method according to the distance from urban areas. Saturation was obtained in interview number ten, but continued until the eighteenth person. The findings of the interview were analyzed by Colaizzi method. Finally, the current situation in the three areas of infrastructure, education and learning was identified. The present study shows some of the strengths and weaknesses of multigrade classrooms from the perspective of teachers and shows policy makers the current situation in order to improve quality. 

---

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the barriers, facilitators, and continuance of implementing a creative instructional method (Collaborative prototyping of digital educational games using design thinking). This study employed a phenomenological study as a qualitative research method. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview. Participants included 20 teachers that have experienced the method mentioned above in their class teaching in primary schools. An abductive content analysis was conducted to determine the main and sub-categories. The identified barriers and facilitators were categorized according to the stages of the design thinking process: empathy, definition and idea generation, prototype construction and evaluation. Regarding continuance factors, six categories were identified: learning and instructional activities, content organization strategies, game conditions, teacher-related factors, student-related factors, and evaluation-related factors. Future research suggestions were discussed in light of the study findings.