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Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is introducing modelling and application as a research domain in mathematics education through reviewing related literature. The first purpose of this review is to give a more clear meaning of modelling and application, and base on that, makes the distinction between modelling in mathematics education & modelling in other scientific domains. There are some other terms like Numeracy Quantitative literacy Mathematization and Word Problems that with some tolerance, are taken as equivalent term to modelling. However, modelling has salient differences with every one of them. Second purpose of this paper, is to introduce modelling cycle and its steps. Third, some researches who are working in the domain of modelling and application will be reviewed and then methodology and results of one of them will be mentioned. Finally, several open research questions for future research in the domain of modeling and application will be announced.    

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Abstract: The present research aimed at developing and validating a conceptual model for narrowing the gap between intended, implemented, and attained curricula in the public education system in Iran. Two fundamental questions guided this investigation: what model can be developed to reduce the gap between the three mentioned curricula? To what extent does the proposed model gain the approval? The research enjoyed a mixed method, in which different techniques, such as reviewing documents and inferring were employed to formulate the proposed model. Based on identifying the main factors of the gap.Therefore, the structure of this model was placed into 7 categories: theoretical foundations, desirable features of its curriculum, philosophy, purpose, direction, principles, method of which the gap can be narrowed. Likewise, to validate the proposed model, through a purposive sampling method, we sought out curriculum expert opinions, as well as opinions from specialist in the council for curriculum development. All those experts confirmed the validity of the proposed model strongly. the results revealed that developing such a model to suit the requirements of educational system in Iran would be possible.

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Abstract: The main goal of the present study was to investigate the role of entrepreneurship education model (KAB) to promote trainees entrepreneurial skills in vocational and trainees centers. This study is practical and its methodology is descriptive and is based on the structural modeling of the equations. The population of this study includes the trainees in state-run professional and technical centers and their branches in Isfahan. Based on the Kerjcie table and et al, 285 person are selected by means of clustering according to the appropriate volume; instruments for the compilation of information, the questionnaire for entrepreneurship skills and the researchers’ questionnaire which is provided by KAB teachings are proved reliable with 0/92 Cronbach Alpha. According to the structural modeling of the equations, T-test and the analysis of the variance the result shows a significant relationship between business entrepreneurship teachings and entrepreneurship’s different dimensions (personal, management and technical skills). Also, there was no significant difference in business entrepreneurship teachings according to demographic features (Gender, activity, degree and field of study).

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: Flourishing students' artistic capacities is among the major missions of education in the Document of Fundamental Reform. The five axes of artistic education including communication with nature, aesthetics, artistic production, familiarity with cultural and artistic history and heritage, and artistic criticism, along with the content structure of culture and art textbooks including visual arts, calligraphy, traditional arts, vocal arts and performing arts are all issues that should be considered by planners in developing potential human abilities. This study involved the content analysis of the culture and art textbooks of the junior secondary system in 2015-2016. Images, texts, and activities were taken as the unit of record. The encoding method was deductive following the topical and structural aspects of culture and art education. To validate the encoding process, a second rater encoded 10 percent of the content, indicating a correlation of 0.89. The results revealed that artistic production, aesthetics, artistic criticism, familiarity with cultural and artistic history and heritage and communicating with nature are the most significant aspects of artistic education respectively. Additionally, visual arts, traditional arts, calligraphy, vocal arts, and performing arts are the main priorities. The study of the 3D model of curriculum structure showed the application of all three activity types (prescriptive, semi-prescriptive and non-prescriptive) in the textbooks, but their content needs to be reviewed regarding the coordination of activities with the educational content presented, the form of content integration, balance and diversity, and the lack of raising students’ motivation and creativity.

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The study aimed to design an appropriate model for entrepreneurship implementation in technical-professional schools of West Azerbaijan province. The research method, was qualitative based on grounded theory. So, the systematic approach of grounded theory was used along with comparative study, document inquiry, and research findings. Finally triangulation of resulted data and semi-structured interviews implemented. Sampling method was purposeful and continued until data saturation that ended with 12 interviewees. Finally there was an appropriate model including six main categories with subcategories and concepts; the significance of factors such as: inward, outward and demographical changes, cooperative actions, individual traits, organizational, economic, and cultural facilitators, motivation and attitude, human resources, , work force, policy making, space and possibilities'  challenges were confirmed. It is recommended to define the policies regarding production and fundraising in technical-professional schools more flexible and regard to local needs and facilities.
 

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The purpose of this study was to design a virtual reality curriculum model in science course based on a synthesis method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all valid scientific articles in the field of virtual reality that based on regular search of databases, 920 scientific articles were identified according to the inclusion criteria and finally 197 exclusion criteria were selected for final analysis. Were. A researcher-designed worksheet form was used to collect, report and record the initial research data. Findings were analyzed using Marshchr('39')s (1991) seven-step model of open synthesis and axial coding methods. Research findings show that the Virtual Reality-Based Curriculum in Science is a student-centered curriculum that creates different roles and responsibilities for the learner, teacher, and knowledge.
 

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the educational activities of the preschool mathematics books regarding geometric shapes using documentary method. For the analysis, we used the document published in 1396 (2017) by the Ministry of Education in Iran for preschool level., as well as the zero, first and second level of the revised Van Hiele Model (Clementes and Batista, 1992) including Pre-recognition, Syncretic and analysis as the criteria. At first level, 10 criteria for analyzing activities of geometry shapes from the first three levels of the revised Van Hiele Model (Clementes and Batista, 1992) exteracted. Then five textbooks which were recommended by Education Growth Bibliography, Welfare Organization and several preschool centers selected and their geometric shapes content evaluated according to the 10 extracted criteria. Results showed the highest frequency of educational activities belonged to level one and the lowest frequency beloged to zero level of the revised Van Hiele model. The study concluded that the content of the preschool mathematics books needs to be revised and the educational activities of higher level than two recommended to be transferred to higher grade mathematics textbooks.

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  The purpose of this research was to employ a mixed method of convergent triangulation design to evaluate the seventh-grade math curriculum. qualitative phase of  study was a case study, whereas quantitative stage was an evaluation study with the CIPP model. research population consisted of  seventh-grade female mathematics teachers and students of Islamshahr. purposeful sampling method was a strategy to collect qualitative data through a semi-structured interview in the qualitative inquiry, while multistage random cluster sampling was running to fill questionnaires and analyzing final exams in the quantitative study. results showed that quality of the context is high and desirable, where the condition of input is low and unsuitable. Moreover, the quality of the process and product was acceptable from the teachers and students' points of view. In addition, analyzing mathematics examinations indicated that the knowledge of students is insufficient, while they did not also have a positive attitude towards mathematics.
 

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The aim of this study was to design a STEM project-based curriculum model in primary school based on synthesis method. The statistical population included all valid scientific researches related to the subject that by regular searches in databases and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria 67 researches were selected for final review. A researcher-designed worksheet form was used to collect, record and report the initial research data. Findings were analyzed using Hurd (1983) seven-step model and open and axial coding method. To confirm the reliability, the Cohen's kappa coefficient formula was used, which was 79% of the agreement between the evaluators. Research findings show that the STEM project-based curriculum is a student-centered curriculum that defines a completely different role from the traditional curriculum elements in all curriculum elements.

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The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions and components of teacher professional development according to the patterns and models of teacher professional development.The approach of the present study is qualitative and its method is meta-combination based on the model of Ervin et al(2011).The research community consists of 276 scientific-research articles published in prestigious scientific journals that in the period of 1392 and 2008 have been in the field of professional development of teachers and provide a model in this field. The research sample includes 29 studies that have been purposefully collected and selected based on thematic monitoring of data.The dimensions and components of professional development were classified into 5 dimensions and 22 axes. These dimensions include individual,organizational,socio-cultural,strategic,contextual and obstacles and challenges. By considering these axes, educational policy makers can provide the basis for improving and designing a local model of professional development for teachers.

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The purpose of the current research is to extract the components of teachers' cultural knowledge. The research method is the synthesis of related research works in the period from 2000 to 2020 taken from internal and international databases. A number of 533 scientific researches were identified and after the necessary checks, 34 researches were included in the first stage of synthesis. Using the evaluator to recode the findings, clearly state what has been done, and the presence of definite and defensible indicators to select the input studies was used to improve the credibility of the research. According to the findings, 11 components were identified in the field of teachers' cultural knowledge; component of intercultural issues; students' culture; general culture; indigenous culture; culture and social issues; multiculturalism; culture and education; cultural values; cultural identity; Organizational culture and culture and teacher education.