Institute of Educational

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Aim and Background: The aim of the current research was to investigate the effectiveness of Quist's parenting toolkit on intimacy in the family, parents' interactive skills, social problem solving, and discipline of 8-12-year-old moladaptive children.
Methods and Materials: The research method was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up period with a control groupThe research population included all mothers with maladjusted children aged 8 to 12 in the spring of 2012 in Isfahan city. The research sample was selected by available sampling method and 40 people were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). The research tools include 3 Connors behavioral problems grading scale (especially for parents) (1978), Alexis et al.'s Intimacy Questionnaire (1983), Pianta's Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (2014), Dzurila et al.'s Social Problem Solving Questionnaire (2002) and Children's Organizational Skills Scale , the parent form was Abikov and Gallacker (2009). Quist's parenting toolbox program (2012) was implemented on the experimental group during 12 90-minute sessions twice a week; But the control group did not receive any intervention.
Findings: The data were analyzed through the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements. The results showed that the parenting toolkit is effective on intimacy in the family, interactive skills of parents, social problem solving and discipline of 8-12 year old maladjusted children.
Conclusions: According to the findings of the research, It can be concluded that this intervention is effective in increasing intimacy in the family, parents' interactive skills, social problem solving, and discipline of 8-12-year-old maladjusted children.
 

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The purpose of this research was to study the role of learning skills and social problem solving in the social creativity.The participants of the research were 46 girls & 133 boys from elementary students who were selected by random cluster sampling. The research tools were learning skills scale (Ahmadi, 2016), social problem solving inventory (D’Zurilla&Nezu, 2002) and social creativity task (Mouchiroud& Lubart, 2002).The results showed a significant relationship between social creativity with observation (r= 0.14), hypothesizing( r = 0.35), interpretation (r=0.11) and communication (r=0.21). There was a correlation between social creativity and constructive problem solving (r=0.34) and non-constructive problem solving (r=-0.28). The regression results showed that hypothesizing predicted 26% and hypothesizing and communication skills together predicted 32% of the variance of social creativity. Constructive problem solving explained 35% and constructive problem solving and non-constructive problem solving together explained 38% of the variance of social creativity. Finally, the results showed 30% of the variance of social creativity explained through hypothesizing, communication and constructive problem solving.
 

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This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological cohesion and distress tolerance with a tendency to high-risk behaviors in high school students. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and terms of data collection, it was descriptive correlational research. The statistical population included all high school students in the city of Anar, which according to the statistics of the Pomegranate Education Department was 1400 people. The sampling method was available and the number of samples was 302 based on Krejcie and Morgan's table. After selecting two girls 'schools and two boys' secondary schools, the samples were taken with the cooperation of the school principal and teachers. Subjects answered the questionnaires about high-risk behavior, feeling of cohesion, and tolerance of anxiety. Testing the research hypotheses, inferential statistical methods including correlation coefficient and regression were used. Findings showed that there is an inverse relationship between psychological cohesion and anxiety tolerance with high-risk behaviors. In other words, by strengthening psychological cohesion and anxiety tolerance in students, the tendency to high-risk behaviors can be reduced.

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In recent decades, unethical behaviors such as cheating and academic dishonesty have become so common among students; that it can be considered a social phenomenon. The main purpose of this research was to identify the mediating role of moral motivation in the relationship between moral identity and the academic dishonesty of students. The method of this research was a descriptive survey of correlation type and from the point of view of practical purpose. This research's statistical population included all Yasouj University students in the academic year 2021-2022. According to the purpose of the research, 400 students from this community were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. They answered the academic dishonesty questionnaires of McCabe & Trevino (1996), the moral identity of Aquino & Reed (2002), and moral motivation. Answered by Janoff Bulman & Carnes (2016). The analysis of research data has been done through the method of path analysis using IMOS software. The results of the research showed that the mediating role of moral motivation was significant in the relationship between moral identity and academic dishonesty. Also, moral identity has a significant negative relationship with academic dishonesty, moral motivation has a significant negative relationship with academic dishonesty, and moral identity has a significant positive relationship with moral motivation. The moral identity is related to students' academic dishonesty behaviors both directly and through moral motivation, therefore, to increase moral motivation and also reduce their academic dishonesty, paying attention to increasing students' moral identity can be useful and effective.
 

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the emotion regulation strategies of teachers based on the James Grass model of emotion regulation in the face of students' misbehavior. This research was conducted using a qualitative method and a phenomenological strategy was used. The study population of the current research was all the male teachers of the first secondary school in Kermanshah city in 1403-1404. The sampling of the research was non-random and purposeful based on heterogeneity in teaching. To achieve the goal of the research, an in-depth and semi-structured interview was conducted with the teachers.
. The results of the research showed that emotion regulation strategies, cognitive remarketing and situation modification are successful strategies with high job satisfaction that reduce negative emotions, and suppression, situation selection, and expansion of attention are unsuccessful strategies that increase negative emotions and job burnout and decrease Job satisfaction of teachers.

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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between school attachment and academic hardiness, considering the mediating role of cognitive flexibility and motivational structure of second-year high school students in the academic year 1400-1401. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of purpose and applied in terms of nature, and survey in terms of method. The statistical population was 2000 second-year high school students in Tabriz, of which 300 were selected as samples based on the Morgan table using multi-stage cluster random sampling. To collect data, the Rezai Sharif School Attachment Questionnaire, Martin and Robbins' cognitive flexibility, Benishek et al.'s academic hardiness, and Cox and Klinger's motivational structure were used. The data were analyzed using Smart-Pls-3 and SPSS 23. The results showed that the path of school connection with academic hardiness (r=0.239, t=299.3), school connection with cognitive flexibility (r=0.309, t=684.5), school connection with motivational structure (r=0.279, t=5.009), cognitive flexibility with academic hardiness (r=0.229, t=965.2) and motivational structure with academic hardiness (r=0.282, t=133.5) was significant (P<0.05). Also, the results of the Sobel test showed that cognitive flexibility plays a mediating role in the relationship between school connection with academic hardiness (Z=2.608) and cognitive flexibility can mediate 22.9% of the relationship between school connection with academic hardiness. Also, motivational structure can play a mediating role in the relationship between school attachment and academic hardiness (Z=3.539) and motivational structure can mediate 24.8% of the relationship between school attachment and academic hardiness.
 

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The aim of the current research was to investigate the relationship between social/emotional competence and quality of life in school students with the mediation of academic participation in elementary school female students in Khorram Abad city. In terms of goal, the research is part of applied research, and in terms of method, it is a type of correlational studies. The statistical population of the present study includes all the female students of the elementary level of Khorram Abad city in the year 1402-403 in the number of 1900 people, of which 435 people were selected using cluster random sampling method. became Data were collected using Social/Emotional Competence Questionnaire (SECQ), Zhu and Ji (2012), Rio's academic participation (2013) and Anderson and Burke's (2000) quality of life at school. and were analyzed using the method of structural equations. The results of structural equation modeling analysis showed that social/emotional competence has a direct and significant role on students' quality of life in school (p<0.001). Also, social/emotional competence has a significant effect on students' quality of life in school indirectly through academic participation (p<0.001). Therefore, the results of the research show that academic participation can play a mediating role in the relationship between social/emotional competence and quality of life in school.
 

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 This study aimed to evaluate the structural model of the relationship between critical thinking and religious identity with the mediating role of spiritual intelligence. A descriptive-correlational design and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed. The statistical population consisted of all female high school students in District 4 of Mashhad during the 2023–2024 academic year. A sample of 327 students was selected using a non-random sampling method based on inclusion criteria and accessibility during the data collection period. Data were collected using Ricketts’ Critical Thinking Disposition Assessment (CTDA), Khoushabi’s Religious Identity Questionnaire, and King’s Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and SEM with SPSS and AMOS software. The results indicated that the proposed model fit the data well. A positive and significant relationship was observed between critical thinking and spiritual intelligence, as well as between spiritual intelligence and religious identity. Additionally, the mediating role of spiritual intelligence in the relationship between critical thinking and religious identity was confirmed. Based on these findings, focusing on enhancing critical thinking and spiritual intelligence can be effective in promoting religious identity.

 

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The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the pattern of structural relationships of academic engagement in students based on resilience and implicit beliefs of intelligence with the mediating role of self- handicapping in students of high school in Yazd city in the academic year of 2022-2023. From the statistical population, 375 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data were collected using Schwinger and et al academic engagement, Abdul Fattah and Yates implicit theory of intelligence, and Connor and Davidson resilience questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed with AMOS 24 software. The results of structural equation modeling showed that resilience, inherent intelligence beliefs and intelligence enhancement beliefs, had a direct, positive and significant effect on academic involvement. Also, the results showed that self-handicapping played a mediating role in the relationship between resilience and academic engagement, as well as in the relationship between the beliefs inherent in intelligence and academic engagement. According to the results, in general, psychologists and counselors can take a step towards increasing students' academic engagement by teaching resilience to students and changing their implicit beliefs about intelligence.

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The present study aims to investigate the prediction of obsessive-compulsive disorder based on perfectionism and extreme responsibility in students with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The statistical population of this research includes undergraduate students in the field of psychology at Islamic Azad University, Tehran branch. They were in the West who are studying in 2023-2024. Sampling method was available of which 150 people were selected as a sample. Questionnaires were extracted and analyzed using Kalmograf-Smirnov tests and multiple regression in SPSS software to measure the distribution of data and the desirability of variables. The results confirmed the hypotheses of the research and showed obsessive-compulsive disorder based on perfectionism and Extreme responsibility is predicted in students with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

 

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This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Studyholism Inventory (SI-10) among university students. The research employed a descriptive and psychometric design. The statistical population included students at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2024. A total of 380 students were selected using the cluster sampling method and completed the Studyholism Inventory (SI-10; Loscalzo et al., 2018), the Big Three Perfectionism Scale – Short Form (BTPS-SF; Feher et al., 2019), and the modified Maslach Burnout Inventory (Schaufeli et al., 2002). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor structure for the SI-10, identifying the dimensions of studyholism and study engagement, with acceptable model fit indices (RMSEA = 0.08, GFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.94). Reliability analysis showed Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.75 for the total inventory, 0.80 for studyholism, and 0.73 for study engagement. The results revealed that studyholism was positively correlated with perfectionism and academic burnout, while study engagement showed a positive correlation with perfectionism and a negative correlation with academic burnout, supporting the convergent and divergent validity of the inventory. Furthermore, students categorized as isolated or exhibiting studyholism without study engagement had higher levels of academic burnout, while those with studyholism combined with study engagement scored higher in perfectionism, indicating diagnostic validity. Overall, the Persian version of the Studyholism Inventory (SI-10) demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and is suitable for use among Iranian university students
 

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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dynamic mental preparation training on perceived cognitive load and determination in second-year high school students in Arak. The research design was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the study was all male second-year high school students in Arak with low socioeconomic status in the academic year 1402-1403. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size, so the research sample was 40 male second-year high school students in Arak with low socioeconomic status who were selected in three stages as multi-stage clusters and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The intervention program was carried out for 1 month, including 8 sessions (30 minutes each) on the experimental group. To collect data, cognitive load questionnaires (Klepsh et al., 2017) and perseverance and stability questionnaire (Duckworth and Quinn, 2009) were used. Data analysis was performed using the covariance method using SPSS-24 software. The results of the analysis of covariance test showed that training in dynamic mental preparations was effective on perceived cognitive load and determination (p<0.01). Therefore, training in dynamic mental preparations for high school students seems necessary.

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The present study aimed to examine the role of academic identity in predicting academic competence among female high school students in Sabzevar, with the mediating role of mindfulness. The research employed a descriptive–correlational design based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of all female students in the second cycle of high school in Sabzevar, from which 362 participants were selected through convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Academic Identity Questionnaire by Was and Isaacson (2008), the Academic Competence Evaluation Scale by DiPerna and Elliott (1999), and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire by Baer et al. (2006). The findings indicated that, in terms of direct effects, the achieved academic identity style had a significant positive relationship with academic competence, whereas the diffused style showed a significant negative relationship. The moratorium style did not have a significant direct effect, while the foreclosed style demonstrated a weak but significant positive effect. Regarding indirect effects, the achieved style positively predicted academic competence through increased mindfulness, whereas the moratorium and diffused styles negatively predicted academic competence through reduced mindfulness. The indirect effect of the foreclosed style via mindfulness was not significant. Overall, the results highlighted that academic identity—particularly the achieved style—plays a decisive role in predicting academic competence, with mindfulness serving as a partial mediator in this relationship.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of belonging to school, parenting styles and basic psychological needs in predicting students' academic engagement. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation based on the data collection method. The statistical population of this research included all the male students of the first secondary level of Piranshahr city in the academic year of 1402-1403, and 327 people were selected as a sample using Cochran's formula with cluster random sampling method. The tools for collecting information in this research are the standard questionnaires of Fredericks et al.'s academic engagement (2004), the sense of belonging to school, Barry, Betty and Watt (2004), parenting methods of Baumrind (1991) and the basic psychological needs of Desi and Ryan ( 2000) were To test the relationship between research variables, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the feeling of belonging to the school and the students' academic involvement (r=0.574); There is an inverse and significant relationship between permissive parenting style and authoritarian style with academic involvement in students (r=-0.477) and (r=-0.485). There is a positive and significant relationship between assertive parenting style and academic involvement in students (r=0.607). There is a positive and significant relationship between basic psychological needs and academic involvement in students (r=0.393). The results of the regression analysis showed that the feeling of belonging to school, permissive style, autocratic style, decisive style and basic psychological needs with beta coefficient of 0.332, -0.170, -0.277, 0.508 and 0.175 respectively. They played a role in predicting students' academic conflict.

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Background: Storytelling has a special role in curriculum and provides real and practical experiences for the pupils. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of storytelling based of skill training on anger control and reduction of behavioral problems in preschool children. Method: The purpose of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with control group. Statistical population is all preschool children. From the target population, 20 children with behavioral problems were selected using available questionnaire results and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received twelve sessions of treatment program and the control group followed its normal schedule. Data were analyzed by repeated measures.Results: The results showed that storytelling based on skill training had a positive effect on the aggressive thoughts, feelings and behavior of preschool children. It also reduced behavioral problems in preschool children. The results of this study also showed that the positive effect of intervention on reducing behavioral problems and anger control was stable over time.
Conclusion: These findings show that storytelling is a simple, hassle-free and inexpensive way of teaching skills and intervention for preschool children.
 

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The aim of the present study was to determine the role of addiction to virtual social networks, academic self-concept, and perception of parenting style on predicting students' academic quality of life. This study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational in terms of methodology. The statistical population was the first-year high school students of Ilkhechi County in the academic year 2024-2025, from which 250 people were selected and studied using the Morgan table and cluster random sampling method. For data collection, Anderson and Burke's Academic Quality of Life questionnaire, Turrell and Serenko's Addiction to Virtual Social Networks, Yi-Sen Chen's Academic Self-Concept, and Grolink et al.'s Perception of Parenting Style were used. Data analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis (simultaneous). The results of the study showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between addiction to virtual social networks and the components of habit, addiction, and high involvement with the quality of academic life. There is also a positive and significant relationship between academic self-concept and the components of general and educational self-concept and the perception of the parenting style of the mother and father with the quality of academic life. On the other hand, the results of the regression analysis showed that the variables of addiction to virtual social networks (habit, addiction, and high involvement), academic self-concept (general, educational, and non-educational self) and the perception of the parenting style of the mother and father are able to predict the quality of academic life. Therefore, paying attention to reducing addiction to social networks and improving the academic self-concept and parenting style of the mother and father can play an important role in increasing the academic quality of students in school.
 

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The present study aimed to identify the mediating role of academic boredom in the relationship between school climate and academic engagement of high school students. This was a descriptive correlational study (structural equation model). The statistical population was female high school students in public schools in Mashhad in the academic year 1403-1404, of which 368 were selected through cluster random sampling. The research tools included the School Climate Scale by Lee et al. (2017), Sharp et al.'s Academic boredom (2021), and Rio's Academic Engagement (2013). The results showed that school climate and academic boredom have a direct effect on academic engagement, and school climate has a direct effect on academic boredom. Also, school climate can predict academic engagement through the mediation of academic boredom
. In addition, academic boredom and school climate explain 43% of academic engagement, of which 32% is explained by school climate and 11% by academic boredom (P<0.001). Based on the research findings, creating a positive atmosphere in schools can play an effective role in reducing academic boredom and increasing students' academic engagement; therefore, it is suggested that those involved in the education system, by improving the school atmosphere and strengthening positive relationships between students and teachers, provide conditions to reduce academic boredom and increase students' academic engagement.
 

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Objective: Academic procrastination is a common challenge among students that can affect their quality of learning, motivation, and future professional performance. The aim of the present study was to analyze the lived experiences of student teachers of academic procrastination and identify the factors affecting it. Method: This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and Van Manen's analytical phenomenological method. The field of the present study included all student teachers of Farhangian University in the academic year 1403-1404, and 10 student teachers were selected using purposive sampling and data saturation criteria. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was conducted in six steps based on Van Manen's perspective. In this process, 127 initial codes were extracted and after removing repetitive codes, 96 basic themes, 14 organizing themes, and finally 3 overarching themes were obtained. Findings: The results of the analyses showed that the three overarching themes of this study included internal pressures and academic self-concept, environmental and structural factors, and coping strategies and reactions. The findings of this study showed that a combination of individual factors (such as low self-efficacy and performance anxiety), environmental factors (such as educational structure and social relationships), and lack of skills in applying effective coping strategies play a role in the emergence and persistence of academic procrastination. Conclusion: The results of the study emphasize the necessity of designing educational and counseling programs at Farhangian University that can help improve self-regulation skills, time management, promote academic motivation, and use effective coping strategies to eliminate or reduce procrastination in student teachers with a multi-level approach.
 

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Although previous studies have examined motivating and demotivating teaching styles within the framework of the circumplex model of teaching, the link between teachers’ self-concept and these styles has remained understudied. The present study aimed to investigate how teachers’ self-concept and gender can predict motivating and demotivating teaching styles. Based on a priori power analysis for multiple regression with a medium effect size, a sample of 80 secondary school teachers in Tehran during the 2022–2023 academic year was selected through multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected by using the School Situations Questionnaire by Aelterman et al. (2019) (α = 0.77), the Teacher Self-Concept Questionnaire Retelsdorf et al. (2014) (α = 0.86). Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. The findings showed no significant gender differences except for the controlling style, in which male teachers scored higher. Furthermore, teachers’ self-concept was positively and significantly related to motivating teaching styles (autonomy-supportive and structured) and explained 13–24% of their variance, whereas it was not associated with demotivating styles (controlling and chaotic). The results highlight the importance of self-concept in shaping motivating teaching and provide practical implications for teacher education aimed at strengthening teachers’ positive self-perceptions.
 

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The present study aimed to predict resilience based on early maladaptive schemas and emotional self-regulation with the mediating role of family emotional climate in female students. The research method was descriptive-correlational based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all female high school students in Chenaran city, Mashhad in the academic year 1403-1404, numbering 2100 people, of whom 325 were selected based on Morgan's table and using a random cluster sampling method. They answered the questionnaires of Young's early maladaptive schemas, Connor and Davidson's resilience, Hoffman and Kashden's emotional self-regulation, and Hillburn's emotional climate. Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (path analysis) methods were used to analyze the data. The results of the Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant negative relationship between early maladaptive schemas, resilience, and family emotional climate. There is also a significant positive relationship between emotional self-regulation, resilience, and family emotional climate. The results of structural equation modeling showed that early maladaptive schemas and emotional self-regulation have an indirect negative effect on resilience through the mediating role of the family emotional climate. The results also indicated that the family emotional climate mediates the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and resilience, as well as the relationship between emotional self-regulation and resilience. Based on the findings, psychologists and counselors can, by teaching self-regulation and enhancing resilience in students, take a step toward promoting students' adaptive functioning in challenging situations.