Institute of Educational

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One of the main objectives of the ICT-based education is training of critical thinking skills. Critical thinking is essential for a thouthful way of living and compatability to rapid social changes. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship betweeen usage of ICT tools and critical thinking desposition among distance education students. The research was done through descriptive (Survey) method. The study population consisted of all students of Isfahan Payam-Noor university (distance education) from which a sample of 100 students was selected by using random sampling method. In order to collect data, ICT Questionnaire and California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CCTDE) were used. The Results showed that the mean of total score of critical thinking disposition was 276.31 indicating an ambivalence desposition. Also there were significant relationships between the amount of familiarity to ICT tools, scientific-scholarly objectives and awareness of news and information objectives and critical thinking desposition.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the current pattern of using information and communication technology (ICT) in exceptional schools. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and a data-based method. The statistical population includes all agents involved in the use of Fava in exceptional schools, who were selected through purposeful criterion-based sampling. The data is obtained through semi-structured interviews with fifteen teachers of special schools, five school principals and three middle managers of Mashhad Special Education Department. In order to analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding method was used. Lincoln and Cuban criteria were used to ensure validity and reliability. The results of the research show twenty-six key concepts that, in the form of a paradigm model, include lack of planning and a non-specialist view of the use of FAVA in exceptional schools as a central category and causal conditions (skill weakness, attitude weakness, financial and infrastructural challenges) ), contextual factors (management factors of exceptional schools and environmental-contextual factors), facilitating intervention conditions (training and professional development of teachers, needs assessment, support), restrictive intervention conditions ( Organizational and environmental challenges, political interference and individual and executive obstacles), strategies (renewing the approach to curriculum planning, designing a strategic plan in the field of FAVA application, guidance and quality orientation) and consequences (decrease in efficiency and effectiveness) of the organization. .