Jornal of Cognitive Psychology
فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی
JCP
Literature & Humanities
http://jcp.khu.ac.ir
1
admin
2345-5780
2345-5780
doi
fa
jalali
1399
7
1
gregorian
2020
10
1
8
2
online
1
fulltext
fa
نقش خواب در تحکیم حافظه حرکتی کودکان در یک تکلیف توالیدار حرکتی
The Role of Sleep in Children's Motor Memory Consolidation in a Motor Sequence Task
تخصصي
Special
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">خواب در تحکیم حافظه افراد بزرگسال موثر است، اما تحکیم وابسته به خواب در کودکان همانند بزرگسالان به خوبی مشخص نشده است. بنابراین، هدف از انجام تحقیق حاضر، بررسی تاثیر خواب در تحکیم حافظه حرکتی کودکان بوده است. شرکت­کنندگان شامل 32 کودک پسر داوطلب 10تا12سال شهر کرمان که معیارهای ورود به تحقیق را دارا بودند. از تکلیف زمان واکنش زنجیره­ای به منظور </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">سنجش حافظه ضمنی کودکان استفاده گردید. شرکت­کنندگان شامل دو گروه خواب ((1</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) 8 شب و (1</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">)8 صبح) و بیداری((1</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">) 8 صبح و (1</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">±</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">)8 شب) بودند که پنج بلوک 90 کوششی را در جلسه اکتساب انجام دادند. در فواصل12ساعت تمامی گروه­ها آزمون</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">­</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">های یادداری (تحکیم) و انتقال را انجام دادند. جهت تحلیل داده­ها از آزمون تحلیل واریانس مختلط 2×2 و 2×4 استفاده گردید. نتایج </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">آزمون یادداری و انتقال نشان دادند که زمان­ واکنش در دو بلوک تفاوت معنیداری داشته است(05/0></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">P</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">). اما اثر تعاملی بلوک و گروه تفاوت معنی</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">­</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دار نداشته است(</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">05/0 </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">P</span></span> <span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">≥</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">)</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;">.</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> این</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> امر حاکی از آن است که تحکیم حافظه حرکتی در گروه­های خواب و بیداری کودکان شکل گرفت، اما وابسته به خواب نبوده است.</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> یافته</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">­</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ها نشان دادند</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">که </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ارتقاء</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">پیشرفت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">عملکرد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مهارت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">صرفاً</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">اثر</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تمرین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">طول</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">جلسات</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تمرین</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دست</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">نمی­آید؛</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بلکه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">بعد</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">از</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یادگیری</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مهارت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">در</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دوره خاموش</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">با گذر زمان</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">حافظه</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مربوط</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> به</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">مهارت</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">یادگرفته</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">شده،</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">ارتقاء</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">و</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">تحکیم</span></span></span> <span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">می­یابد. بنابراین،</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"> خواب عامل ضروری در توسعه یادگیری خاموش و انتقال یادگیری تکلیف توالی</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">­</span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">دار حرکتی پنهان کودکان نمی­باشد.</span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">Sleep has been shown to have an impact on the consolidation of motor memory in adults. However, sleep-dependent consolidation is not well-specified among children compared with adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep on children's motor memory consolidation. The participants were 32 voluntary boys aging from 10 to 12 years old from Kerman, which had the necessary qualifications for entering the study. Serial Reaction Time Task was used to determine the implicit memory in children. The participants were allocated into a sleep group (8±1pm and 8±1am) and a wake group (8±1am and 8±1pm). Each group underwent five training blocks consisiting of 90 trails in each block in the acquisition phase. The retention (consolidation) and transfer tests were administered 12 hours after the acquisition phase in both groups. For analyzing data 2×2 and 4×2 Mixed ANOVA tests were used. The results in the retention and transfer tests showed that the reaction time was significantly different in two blocks (P > 0.05), but the effect of group and block interaction was not significant (P ≥ 0.05). The results also indicated that motor memory consolidation occurred in sleep and wake groups, however, it was not sleep-dependent. The findings revealed that children‘s performance was improved and enhanced not only through the training sessions, but after the learning phase in the offline period. In addition, the memory associated with a learned skill enhanced over time. It can be concluded that sleep was not the essential factor in the enhancement of offline learning and the transfer of sequential implicit motor task among children.<span dir="RTL"></span></div>
تحکیم, حافظه حرکتی, خواب, کودکان
Consolidation, Motor memory, Sleep, Children
17
32
http://jcp.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1361-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Hamideh
Iranmanesh
حمیده
ایرانمنش
Hamideh.iranmanesh@gmail.com
10031947532846005294
10031947532846005294
No
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad(FUM)
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
Alireza
Saberi Kakhki
علیرضا
صابری کاخکی
askakhki@um.ac.ir
10031947532846005295
10031947532846005295
Yes
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad(FUM)
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
Hamidreza
Taheri
حمیدرضا
طاهری
hamidtaheri@um.ac.ir
10031947532846005296
10031947532846005296
No
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad(FUM)
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
Charles H.
Shea
چارلز اچ.
شی
cshea@tamu.edu
10031947532846005297
10031947532846005297
No
ferdowsi university of mashhad
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
Masoud
Fazilat Pour
مسعود
فضیلت پور
fazilatm@uk.ac.ir
10031947532846005298
10031947532846005298
No
ferdowsi university of mashhad
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد