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Alireza Jafarzadeh Estalkhkouhi, Parviz Rezaei,
Volume 17, Issue 44 (3-2017)
Abstract

Among the various processes that destroy lands, soil erosion is a complex and hazardous environmental process that constitutes a serious threat to preservation of soil and water resources in Iran and has inflicted its negative effects on the vital ecosystem with the intensified utilization of nature by human beings. The present descriptive and analytic research employed the PSIAC model to study erosion and compare it with other empirical methods and models by investigating the effects of nine important and influential factors in soil erosion and sediment production in various parts of the Sefidrood Basin through giving intra-layer numerical scores to them. Erosion and landform zoning maps and also zoning maps for the nine factors were then extracted. Results indicated that 77 percent of the lands in the plain landforms faced very little erosion and 23 percent little erosion, 14 percent of the lands in the mountainside landforms were exposed to very high erosion rates, 55 percent with high erosion rates, and 31 percent with average and low erosion rates, and 17 percent of the lands in the mountain landforms experienced very high erosion rates, 58 percent high erosion rates, and 25 percent average erosion rates. In other words, the rates of erosion changed from low in the plain landforms to very high in the mountain landforms. This implies that pastures and natural resources are confronted with numerous problems. In general, considering the study carried out on the nine influential factors in the soil erosion model (the PSIAC model), we notice that the mountainside and mountainous regions are more sensitive to erosion and influential factors in erosion are more active in these regions.
 

 
Alimohammad Khorshiddoust, Behrooz Sarraf, Bagher Ghermez Cheshmeh, Mrs Fatemeh Jafarzadeh,
Volume 17, Issue 47 (12-2017)
Abstract

In recent years, the severe fluctuations in precipitation have affected various parts of the country. On the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea, precipitation as one of the important climatic parameters has undergone changes due to global climate change. In the present study, we tried to evaluate the effect of climate change on rainfall in this region by applying a suitable model. In this study, observational period rainfall (1961-2001) was analyzed. the output of the HadCM3 model was used. At first, seven synoptic stations were selected and their data were analyzed in terms of accuracy, and length of statistical period, and lost data was restored. The AOGCM data were simulated using the SDSM model and the rainfall values were simulated for the observation period. After confirming the matching of the simulated data with observational data, the values of the Future (2039-2011) is estimated. The estimation errors of the SDSM model were calculated monthly by MBE and MAE criteria, and then compared. The output of the SDSM model was used to study the total annual precipitation in days with rainfall of more than 1 mm in the observation period and the upcoming period (2011-2039) by the R-Climdex model and the values of the PRCPTOT index Became zoning in the Future. The results showed that the model error in season with high rainfall is more than seasons with low rainfall. On a monthly scale, the maximum error occurred in the months of September, October, November and December. The maximum error in the fall and the minimum error was calculated in the spring and April and May months. According to the results, the total annual rainfall in the period of 2039-2011 will decrease in Anzali, Babolsar, Gorgan and Noshahr stations and rainfall will increase in stations of Astara, Ramsar and Rasht. Geographical distribution of selected were 5 sites in the Khuzestan, 20 sites in Bushehr, 24 sites in Hormozghan and 12 sites in Sistan and Baluchistan provinces. In total, 9000 sites were selected with a 2 km2 were suitable for large scale microalgae cultivation. The total area of these sites were estimated to be 18000 km2. The highest number of proper sites were found in Hormozghan province and lowest numbers of sites were found in Khuzestan province. The availability of technical service, carbon dioxide point resources from oil and gas units are an advantages for microalgae related activities in the Bushehr and Khuzestan provinces. The higher quality of water in the Sistan and Baluchistan province is an advantages for development of microalgae biomass production in the area.
 

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