Showing 80 results for Hossein
Ghodrat Zare Andarian, Hossein Zabihi, Saeid Kardar,
Volume 23, Issue 69 (6-2023)
Abstract
Citizenship is a set of rights and duties a citizen enjoys because of his or her country of residence. Municipal law is a set of laws, rules and regulations that govern the interconnection of citizens and city departments in local and urban affairs, and explain the duties of overseers of councils, municipalities, and other city institutions; And planners 'and architects' awareness of the rights of citizens is one of the influential components in the process of urban architecture planning which is discussed in this article. Contemporary theories of urban law have led to a new military framework based on the concept of "right to the city" about urban life; if general framework can be understood in the context of the general concept of "right to the city", the following formulation from the Eiken set of laws on the concept of citizenship. It provided the architectural and urban planning rights: 1. the right to allocate; 2. the right to participate; 3. the right to centralization; Right of residence The right to habitation; 6. The right to individualization in socialization. Finally, the relationship between these components and their characteristics with the degree of their relevance and relationship with architectural and urban rights is presented.
Fatemeh Mirzabeigi, Hossein Mojtaba Zadeh, Rahim Sarvar,
Volume 23, Issue 71 (12-2023)
Abstract
by examining the level of inequality in the distribution of services and identifying the spatial pattern of injustice in the city, we can find out which of the services are in a more unfavorable situation than in this way, city management with conscious performance in spatial distribution of public services and social interests. , Reduce spatial inequalities and improve the quality of life and ensure sustainable urban development. The present research is applied and its research method is descriptive-analytical. The purpose of this analytical research is on the status of Ilam urban development indicators in order to achieve spatial justice, which uses the capabilities and facilities of geographic information system, including: map composition, Spatial statistics, etc. have been done. The results show that the spatial distribution of services in Ilam city is not desirable and the results of this study show that the concentration of urban facilities and services has occurred in the central part of the city and other areas are low in terms of urban resources and facilities. The research findings show that 20% of the city's population lives in relatively affected areas and 23.2% in areas with semi-sustainable development, and over 50% of residents live in deprived and completely deprived areas in terms of development in Ilam city. The results of the Vikor model are not considered to be sustainable development in any area. However, based on the results of the research, the focus of urban services in Ilam city follows the center-perimeter model, which means that everything from the central areas to We move around the area, reducing the distribution of services.
Dr Elham Mobarak Hassan, Dr Ebrahim Fatahi, Dr Abass Ranjbar Saadat Abadi, Dr Nasim Hossein Hamzeh,
Volume 23, Issue 71 (12-2023)
Abstract
The Great Khorasan in northeast Iran has a variety of surface structures and plains and high peaks, but due to its vicinity to the deserts of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan, it is affected by dust all the time, especially in summer. The purpose of this study was to simulate summer dust in this region by RegCM model. For this purpose, during the period 2000 to 2017, three extreme dust events were selected. The satellite image used to confirmed dust mass presence and then the synoptic structure was analyzed. Finally, the simulation results of RegCM 4.6 model were compared with the observational data including the horizontal visibility and aerosol optical depth (AOD) of Aqua satellite. The synoptic analysis showed that during the summer, low thermal pressures form in the southern Afghanistan and high pressure in the north. This structure lead to the development of north and northeast winds with speeds of 12 to 21 m / s and dust emission on the eastern border of Iran and western Afghanistan. Investigation of RegCM accuracy done by visibility, Aquas’s AOD showed that model performance in South Khorasan is better as Razavi Khorasan. The highest correlation coefficients of AOD of model and horizontal visibility were obtained at Khorasan central stations including Gonabad, Ferdows, Nahaband and Ghaen at -0.82, -0.77 and -0.44 respectively. RegCM model performed a better dust simulation in severe dust with a horizontal visibility down to less than 1000 m, high continuity and horizontal extension. Overall, the RegCM model underestimates the AOD value for the Aqua satellite algorithm.
Zeynab Khaleghi, Farah Habib, Hossein Zabihi,
Volume 23, Issue 71 (12-2023)
Abstract
Water as one of the most essential natural elements of landscape and consequently urban landscape from yesterday till today has had a great impact on the formation and effectiveness of urban spaces and its various effects have always stimulated human tendency towards beauty. It should be noted that the existential values of water are not merely aesthetic, rather it goes back to the deepest and innermost part of nature. Such a stimulus has led human beings to recognize different aspects of water, including sensory and perceptual, visual, semantic, functional, physical-aesthetic, environmental, psychological, social, and temporal and this knowledge has provided the backdrop for a variety of water-based designs in the urban landscape. The main purpose of the present study is to identify all the features and existential values of water and their proper application in the urban landscape. In other words, the explanation of a specific pattern including major water criteria and indicators in the urban landscape has been considered to improve the quality of the landscape in urban environments. The research method is applied and the type of study is descriptive-analytical and data collection is based on the study of library resources and content analysis of text. The results of the research indicate that by applying all the existing dimensions and values of water element in the urban landscape, the quality of urban spaces can be improved. The use of water criteria and indicators in the urban landscape in a coherent and integrated manner requires a compiled pattern that is presented in the end in a tabular form.
Mr Ehsan Shahiri Tabarestani, Dr Hossein Afzalimehr,
Volume 23, Issue 71 (12-2023)
Abstract
One of the problems of controlling erosion and sedimentation in catchment areas is the lack of statistical data to accurately estimate the amount of sedimentation and erosion. In order to implement soil protection programs and determine methods to reduce sedimentation, it is necessary to estimate the total volume of annual sediment production. The purpose of this study is to estimate the erosion intensity and sedimentation of Babolroud catchment located in Mazandaran province using EPM and Fournier empirical methods and to determine the accuracy of these models. The results showed that Babolroud catchment is located on the moderate zone of sedimentation and the value of erosion rate is Z = 0.54. Also according to EPM method the sedimentation rate is . The highest amount of erosion is in the northern part of the catchment, which is due to the existence of Non-cultivable land use and erosive soil formations, including alluvial and marsh soils. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the results obtained from the empirical model, the observed information of the two sedimentation stations was used and the results indicate a relative average difference of 23.24% in the EPM model. Also, the results obtained from the Fournier method indicate the inefficiency of this method in estimating the Babolroud catchment due to the lack of consideration of the erosion potential of the area.
Rasoul Ghorbani, Akbar Asghari Zamani, Rahim Gholamhosseini,
Volume 23, Issue 71 (12-2023)
Abstract
There is a wide body of literature indicating a strong link between urban form and carbon emissions in the transport sector, this is done through the impact of city form components on citizen’s travel behavior. Therefore, in urban low carbon development theory, the reduction of cavalry production through changes in urban form elements is considered. This paper investigates the effects of urban form components on Tabriz Metropolitan travel behavior. Tabriz’s single-engine city form makes maximum use of personal cars for city trips resulting in increased carbon emissions in Tabriz’s urban air. Therefore, the impact of urban form elements on car-driven travel behavior has been selected as the most fundamental pillar of low carbon studies in Tabriz. The results of the application of the Moran method show that the criteria used are mainly clustered and therefore have spatial autocorrelation and it is very useful to use location- based regression methods such as geographic weight regression. The results of this method show that access to metro stations in Tabriz metropolitan area the coefficient of importance of 0/40 have the least relationship with urban travel behavior, respectively and the two factors combining urban land use and business center access with a factor of importance of 0/54 are most important in urban travel behavior. It was therefore concluded that the components of urban form are more important in urban travel behavior and it needs to get more attention form city managers and planners in shaping a low-carbon city.
Shahrzad Teymouri, Faramarz Hassanpour, Mehrpooya Hossein,
Volume 23, Issue 71 (12-2023)
Abstract
In this article, the aim is to Recognition the features of the entrances of Pahlavi period buildings in Zahedan and then prioritize these features. The research method is descriptive-analytical and quantitative-qualitative. Data collection in the first stage is through content analysis method based on images and researcher observations of 8 buildings in the city. In the second stage, building features were prioritized through a questionnaire tool and using AHP method. The number of experts to weigh the criteria was 10 people. The result of the research shows that the architectural style of the 8 buildings studied is the traditional architectural style; A study of the typology of the entrance of the building based on the facade decorations shows that the decorations are based on the traditional architectural style and most of the designs, shapes and inscriptions on the entrance of the building include brickwork, use of simple designs and shapes. In fact, the use of bricks and materials compatible with the climate of the region with simple designs and in many cases without designs on the entrances, is the dominant species. Therefore, the predominant type of buildings at the entrance of Zahedan city is of traditional architecture and in a simple way and decorations are also based on bricks. The result of AHP method showed that simple, truncated, snake and vein decorations weighing 0.282 are known as the most important decorative features of the entrance of the building in Zahedan. The use of simple brick inscriptions weighing 0.181 is also in the second place in terms of importance in terms of decorations on the entrance of the building.
Dr. Mohsen Aghayari Hir, Dr. Hossein Karimzadeh, Mrs. Nahid Rahimzadeh,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Access, plays an important role in rural development as there is a meaningful relationship between rural development and access to infrastructure services. Villages that have less access to essential services, especially transport, faced with a lot of structural and socio-economic constraints, which are obstacles to sustainable rural development. The present study seeks to examine the accessibility and the factors affecting it. Accordingly, it is considered with descriptive-analytic research method. The statistical population of the study, consisted of villages in the central District of Tabriz County (52 villages) that there needed data were gathered from rural municipals. After validity and reliability of the research, in order to evaluate accessibility, we used the Dematel technique and ANP, then to assess the role of different elements in accessibility of rural areas, we used SEM in Amos software. Initial results of Rural Accessibility Survey showed that the Mayan Sefli village had the highest accessibility and the final result of the research are determining the role of factors in rural accessibility based on factors such as distance from the city, service centers and social status of the village are more effective than other factors in accessibility.
Key words: accessibility, rural services, analytical network process, structural equation modeling, Tabriz County.
- Ahmad Hosseini, - Mostafa Khoshnevis, - Mohammad Reza Jafari,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Old trees as the most important genetic reserves of the country have great importance and value in various aspects of ecology, forest restoration management, ecotourism and even history. In this research, after identification of the old trees in the forests of Ilam province, their morphological characteristics including DBH, trunk height, total height, crown length, min & max crown diameter, crown health, crown firmness, crown symmetry, Trunk health and trunk shape were examined. The selection of old trees was based on DBH criterion. After the forest survey, 43 old trees including 5 Petrocarya fraxinifolia, 5 Ulmus glabra, 11 Fraxinus rotundifolia, 3 Celtis caucasica, 4 Platanus orientalis, 4 Ficus carica, 7 Olea europea and 4 Cupressus sempervirens were identified. The results showed that among single-stranded trees, P. orientalis had the highest mean DBH (171 cm), total height (15.8 m) and trunk height (6 m), and among multi-stranded trees O. europea had the highest mean DBH (260 cm). P. fraxinifolia and U. glabra had the highest mean of crown length (11 m) and F. rotundifolia had the highest crown area (195 m2). The highest percentage of single-trunks belonged to the P. fraxinifolia (80%) and C. caucasica (67%). The highest percentage of healthy trunks belonged to C. sempervirens (50%) and O. europea (50%) and the highest percentage of healthy crowns belonged to P. fraxinifolia (100%), C. caucasica (100%), P. orientalis (100%), O. europea (100%) and F. carica (100%). The highest percentage of crown symmetry was belonged to C. caucasica (100%) and the highest percentage of crown freshness was belonged to P. fraxinifolia (100%), F. rotundifolia (100%), C. caucasica (100%), P. orientalis (100%), O. europea (100%) and F. carica (100%). Based on the desirable morphological characteristics of old trees, it is possible to help the strengthen and restoration of Zagros forests by producing resistant seedlings from their seeds.
Key words: Old trees, Morphology, Oak forests, Ilam.
Hossein Sedaghat Nouri, Mohammad Reza Pourjahfar, Nader Zali,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
This study examines the criteria for sustainable urban development management in thriving cities around metropolises. Based on the content analysis method in examining the theories in this field, a special conceptual model has been developed that presents the role of various indicators affecting the management of sustainable urban development in thriving cities. Also, based on the case study method, the city of Lavasan was selected as a case study to provide a realistic understanding of the role of various components on sustainable urban management in thriving cities around metropolises. The research method was based on quantitative and qualitative methods. Based on the field visit, initial discussions and conceptual model of purposeful questionnaires were prepared. SPSS21 and Smart-PLS statistical techniques were used to find the relationships of the variables and to analyze the information of the questionnaires. 376 questionnaires have been analyzed in relation to the components of sustainable urban development management. The results of the analysis show that the components affecting the management of sustainable urban development in Lavasan can be in physical-spatial dimensions, quality of life, intelligent management, justice and examined equality, governance, and optimal legislation. The results also show that the physical-spatial factor is the most important effective criterion. Also, the path of factor analysis shows that achieving urban prosperity in cities around metropolises begins with smart urban management, governance and appropriate legislation in the field of physical infrastructure. Space and quality of life infrastructure lead to the spread of justice and equality in the city and ultimately lead to urban prosperity.
Keywords: Sustainable development management, urban prosperity, cities around metropolises, Lavasan.
Hossein Jahantigh, Esmail Rashidi, Abdolhossein Adel Zadeh,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this article, the relationship between maximum temperature of Kerman province geopotential height at 500 hPa to avoid risks and losses are extreme temperatures.
Method: In this paper, the approach has been used in the circulation to peripheral circulation patterns will be assessed based approach to environmental data. Therefore, we used two databases. First Base event database environment (surface). In this regard, the surface temperature is selected stations Kerman province. The maximum temperature of the stations in the period 01.01.1368 to 01.01.1398 for 30 years to 10957 the number of days were obtained from the meteorological province. Another database contains data that the data of geopotential height at 500 hPa
Zahra Alizadeh -, Dr Mohammad Taghi Masoumi, Dr Hossein Nazmfar, Dr Akbar Abravesh,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Today, with the expansion of urbanization and the increase in the population of cities, urban poverty is one of the important problems that it seems necessary to fight. In the 21st century, one of the indicators of urban progress is the issue of low urban poverty (Lemanski and Marx, 2015). In order to analyze and evaluate the indicators of urban poverty in Rasht city in different blocks and to cluster social poverty in this city (very poor, poor, average, wealthy, very wealthy), to analyze social poverty and extract spatial hot spots from Arc software. Gis was used. And the extraction of different areas of the city was calculated from the R software and by the multi-indicator Prometheus decision-making method, where the weight of the indicators was obtained by the ANP method from the raw data of the statistical blocks of Rasht city in the census of 2015. The findings of the research showed that comparatively, the central parts of the city are covered by medium blocks, and in the outer and peripheral parts of the city center, two hot spot areas are observed, which contain very prosperous blocks. Cold spots are also clearly visible on the outer edge of the city and they cover very poor and poor blocks, and except for the hot and cold spots, the city is mostly in the form of mild spots and most of the blocks are in poor condition. They are placed in average social poverty. Also, based on the findings of the research, most of the deprived areas in terms of social poverty in Rasht city are located in the north-west and north-east parts of the city.
Dr Sara Karami, Dr Nasim Hossein Hamzeh, Dr Abbas Ranjbar,
Volume 24, Issue 74 (9-2024)
Abstract
Today, dust storms affect the lives of many people around the world and cause a lot of financial and human losses. Every year, Iran is affected by dust storms caused by internal sources and external dust sources located in neighboring countries. Semnan province has several dust-producing sources due to its geographical location, that affect not only this province, but also the neighboring provinces. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dust phenomenon of Semnan province and its monthly changes in the 15-year period, between 2003 and 2017. For this purpose, meteorological stations data of the province and the aerosol optical depth of satellite product have been investigated. Also, GOCART model has been used to estimate the amount of dust emissions from this region and to determine the vertical dust flux in Semnan province. The study of average dust flux showed that the highest values of dust flux was in the southeast of Shahroud and then in the south of Shahroud, Damghan and Sorkheh. A monthly investigation showed that in all months, the average AOD in the southern half of Semnan province was higher than in the northern half. The highest levels of AOD were in May, April and June, and the highest amounts of dust flux were observed in March, June and July. Also, the prevailing wind direction was northeast and northeast, and this factor causes dust particles rising from this region and dust loading in the south of Semnan province and areas of Isfahan, Yazd and South Khorasan provinces.
Mohammad Kazemi Garajeh, Behnam Salmani, Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghaddam,
Volume 24, Issue 74 (9-2024)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to assess the land surface temperature in relation to landuse for the city of Tabriz using remote sensing technology and GIS. Landsat 8 satellite image was used to map the land surface temperature for the study area. Atmospheric correction was applied to the desired image using the FLAASH method and the land surface temperature was estimated using the split-window algorithm for the study area with an accuracy of 1.51 degrees. Landuse map of Tabriz city in 6 classes was obtained using the object-based approach in eCognition software with an accuracy of 90/03. The results of studying the relationship between land surface temperature and landuse indicate that agricultural lands with a temperature of 18.22 °C have the highest land surface temperature. Also, water areas (rivers) have the lowest (10.30 °C) land surface temperature, because of their radiant power close to one. The research results also indicate that the split-window algorithm provides reliable results for land surface temperature estimation that can be used in environmental studies and earth sciences.
Mr Mohsen Kalantari, Mr Hossein Tahmasebi Moghadam, Ms Bahareh Akbari Monfared,
Volume 24, Issue 74 (9-2024)
Abstract
only be implemented when the aforementioned land uses have balanced distribution across the city. In this regard, the present study is to investigate and evaluate learning land uses from the perspective of spatial justice for attain of the learning city approach in Zanjan; And the main goal of this research is to find out the spatial equilibrium in the distribution of learning land uses of Zanjan city, in order to develop the learning city approach. The research method was descriptive-analytical and data collection has done by using the library-documentary method. In addition, in order to analyze the findings, after describing the basic concepts of the learning city and taking into account the principles and indicators governing it, from two indicators of capacity and social justice have been used in the framework of comparing per capita and desirable levels, Nearest Neighborhood (NN) and entropy techniques. The results of the analysis of the distribution of learning land uses in the current situation indicate that the distribution of these land uses in the city are concentrated and clustered, with spatial imbalances. In such a way they show very high qualitative and quantitative differences between the three urban areas, especially indicated in the eastern margin of district two. Such a problem has hampered the development of the learning city approach in Zanjan and has resulted in the concentration of these services in the center of the city and their shortage in the peripheral areas as made a profound inequalities between the residential areas of the city. Therefore, the results of the research provide suggestions for reorganizing learning land uses to establish a spatial justice approach at the city level.
Mr Shokrollah Kiani, Mr Ahmad Mazidi, Mr Seyed Zein Al-Abedin Hosseini,
Volume 24, Issue 74 (9-2024)
Abstract
Subsidence is an environmental phenomenon caused by the gradual subsidence or sudden subsidence of the earthchr('39')s surface. The phenomenon of subsidence in residential, industrial and agricultural areas can cause catastrophic damage. In most parts of Iran, there is a high correlation between land subsidence and the decrease of groundwater level and consequently the density of soil layers. In this study, using two time series of radar images with artificial apertures from Sentinel sensors belonging to 2014 and 2019, the amount of subsidence in Damaneh plain (Frieden city) was calculated. Wells were studied in the period 2014 to 2019, the results of the study of the correlation between land subsidence with changes in groundwater level at the level of 95% was significant. In the continuation of the research, using the logistic regression model, the subsidence trend in the study area was predicted and a subsidence probability map was prepared and created as a dependent variable for the logistic regression model. The independent variables used included altitude, slope, slope direction, geology, distance from the road, distance from the river, land use, distance from the village, groundwater level, piezometric wells. The output of the model is subsidence risk zoning map which was created in five classes. The accuracy and validation of the logistic regression model was evaluated using the system performance characteristic curve and the accuracy (0.89) was obtained. The good accuracy of the logistic regression model in producing the probability map Subsidence is in the study area. In the output of the model, it was found that the area of 1980 hectares, equivalent to 7.9%, has a very severe subsidence that has put the situation in a dangerous situation and the need for control and management to reduce this destructive effect.
Hossein Sharifi, Mehrdad Ramezanipour, Leila Ebrahimi,
Volume 24, Issue 75 (12-2024)
Abstract
Today, human settlements around the world are exposed to natural hazards for a variety of reasons. These risks, which bring with them a lot of human and financial losses, require preventive measures. The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of urban space in order to deal with environmental hazards in Noor city. The method of this research is also descriptive. Data collection is using library and documentary studies and questionnaires. In order to analyze the questionnaires using ANP method and fuzzy logic method, evaluate each of the criteria and determine their importance coefficients. Based on the results, spatial assessment was performed using ArcGis software and hazard zones were identified. According to the results of risk potential zoning, the northern and southern areas of the city have the highest risk potential. To predict the development of residential areas, the combined Markov chain model and cellular automation were used. The results showed that the continuous expansion of built areas in recent decades has caused rapid changes in land use and the built areas of the city has increased from 2.43% of the total area in 2010 to 3.68% in 2019. The results also showed that regardless of the natural hazards, the built-up areas will increase and as a result of urbanization, the built-up areas will be more prone to high-risk lands. However, if sustainable development policies are fully implemented, cities and built-up areas will be able to maintain their development spaces from high-risk areas for the benefit of the city and its residents.
Hossein Mobarra, Mahsa Faramarzi Asli,
Volume 25, Issue 76 (3-2025)
Abstract
Housing is the first space-tested experience in human relationships and the physical context is a mixed in which social resources, culture and economy In addition housing to meet growth the social sector their housing, it also includes unit environment, In addition housing to meet growth the social sector their housing, it also includes unit environment. Considering the housing quality indicators of access providers to sustainable housing and sustainable housing provides to achieve sustainable city. The growing housing demand of one-dimensional and quantity-oriented approach to housing has caused enough attention to the fundamental issue of housing quality. Lack of access to adequate housing, can cause or increase the incidence of mental disorders and the various problems. Therefore this study attempts to identify the variables and factors affecting the quality of housing, and influencing the indicator housing quality ratings with assuming a non-uniform weighting of indicators and factors. The investigate methods purpose of this study was to use, and methods of research - descriptive analysis. In order to achieve the desired goal in the research of network analysis (Anp) are used to determine the weights and priorities - ranking each indicator of housing quality components Based on the evaluation of the indicators using network analysis results indicate that the index of indices of housing facilities (.318), home security (.218) home comfort (0.145), proximity Bakarbry compatible (0.142), housing strength (0.109) and housing compatible with Region (0.065) have the highest weight assigned to theme.
Mrs Elham Zamani, Dr Behshid Hosseini, Dr Hossein Zabihi,
Volume 25, Issue 76 (3-2025)
Abstract
The analysis and evaluation of rural housing texture requires a wide range of effective factors, environmental and ecological factors are one of the important factors. Sub-climates and so on are among the factors affecting the texture of rural housing. In order to understand the environmental factors and the context of a villagechr('39')s mountainous habitat, the need for long distances and precise manual harvesting requires specific difficulties, including distance, time, cost, and ultimately uncertainty. It brings the quality of the final harvest. On the other hand, due to the increasing trend of rural housing development in recent decades and the lack of coordination of new tissues in terms of density with previous ones, it shows the indifference of these housing to the former housing and the environmental context of the villages. Today, new computational and numerical tools in architecture, with the advent of advanced mathematical knowledge in the field of architecture, have brought new dimensions to this field. Will provide. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of green and dry tissue densities as natural factors on the density of densely populated villages in different climates. This in addition to identifying the density of village textures by emphasizing the comparison of parameters will illuminate new dimensions in the context of village stairs. The simulation analysis tool is a densitometry algorithm based on aerial maps, written by the research authors. The algorithm based on negated aerial maps has the ability to detect natural tissue density in the context of village formation and residential texture. This will reduce the need for physical presence and improve the accuracy of outputs in the analysis of village texture, as well as parameter identification. , The condensation pattern of previous generations into the new generation of housing Will provide a star.
Dr Abolhassan Gheibi, Mr Ali Soleymani, Hossein Malakooti,
Volume 25, Issue 76 (3-2025)
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide is one of the factors of reducing air quality in most regions of the world. The purpose of this research is to investigate the concentration and trend of nitrogen dioxide pollutant changes during the years 2005-2018 and also its relationship with the amount of precipitation in the region. The average vertical column concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the period between 2005 and 2018 by the OMI sensor on Iran shows that the highest concentration of nitrogen dioxide on Iran is about 3.07×10+16 
molecules per square centimeter of the air column section. Vardespehri, and in megacities, especially Tehran metropolis, which has the highest population density followed by the highest road transportation, by examining the trend of annual changes in the concentration of the vertical column of Vardespehri nitrogen dioxide and the average annual precipitation over Iran, we observe that the concentration of this pollutant with The increase in population and human activities has been increasing from 2005 to 2016 and decreasing from 2016 to 2018 due to population growth, but overall with a slope of 3/53×1013(molecule×cm
-2×year-1)
There has been an increase, in contrast to the time series of the average annual precipitation over Iran with a slope (-0.159 mm × year-1
), there has been a decreasing trend, and from the comparison of the trend of these two parameters, we can see that they have a negative effect on each other.
