The present research has been carried out to analyze the behavior of the rural community of Varzaqan in the territory of electoral geography and the approach used in it is "spatial-behavioral". Research based on the purpose is practical and in terms of collecting data, it's a mixed type (exploratory design - tool development model). According to the research goal, using the qualitative method, through the phenomenological method, the deep understanding, complexity, detail and texture of the studied phenomena have been studied. Then, using this initial identification (in order to arrive at a generalized result), it was attempted to develop the tool using the SEM. Using a targeted sampling method, the sample size of the first phase is 25, and for the second phase, 32 people are localized. Phenomenological results show that the Electoral Behaviors of rural community in Varzaqan county can be analyzed in three main categories: (a) "geographic features" with the themes of "sense of location, neighborhood impact, and localism"; (b) "individual and social" with the themes of "social stimulus and individual stimulus"; and (c) "political" Themes "Engagement Conditions, Affective Role, Political Orientation, and Religion." This behavior is in accordance with the categories of "geographical and political characteristics" with the "rational choice theory", and in terms of "individual and social" with "the pattern of political economy (wise reformed approach)". Modeling results also show that the variable "geographical features" and "individual and social factors" are at the "significant" threshold and the variable "political factors" is within the "average" threshold; The quality test of the structural model shows that "political agents" and "social factors" have "strong" values and "geographic features" have average values to determine the predictive power of the electoral model.  The general model of the SME shows the goodness of fit in the model and shows its generalizability.

In recent years, one of the main approaches to rural development and increasing the well-being of rural households is the development of rural tourism. Because tourism development can play an important role in the well-being of households as well as in rural livelihoods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of tourism on improving the welfare of coastal villages in Chabahar. The present research is a descriptive-analytical approach. The statistical population of rural households is Chabahar (N = 3720). Using Cochran formula and quota sampling method, 280 households in 6 coastal villages with tourist attractions are selected as samples. To analyze the data and to answer the research questions, unlimited exploratory co-univariate test, variance analysis and multivariate regression were used. The results showed that in terms of economic welfare indicators, tourism had the most effects on seasonal employment, income growth, housing development, and local economy mobility. In terms of social welfare indicators, tourism has the most impact on improving leisure time, changing lifestyle and lifestyle, developing health facilities, and increasing the sense of belonging to local people. Also, the results showed that tourism in the villages of the study area had significant effects on the economic and social well-being of rural households, but compared with social indicators, tourism had the most impact on economic well-being and its indicators. In line with the findings of the research, suggestions were made regarding the development of rural tourism and the welfare of rural households.

The main goal of sustainable development in the village are use to social, economic and environmental resources and capacities. Awareness for sustainable development is a subject that has been less discussed. Accordingly, rural assets and funds can be the basis for achieving the goals of sustainable rural development. The purpose of this paper is to measure awareness for sustainable development in rural construction in Guilan province. This research is developmental and surveying. In this study, which was done by the architects of Guilan Construction Engineering Organization, the data collection method was used to answer the research questions, using both documentary (secondary data) and survey (primary data) and Questionnaire with Likert spectrum. Using Cronbach's alpha formula in SPSS software, the reliability of different parts of the research questionnaire was 0.802 to 0.816.

The drought occurs in a large number of livelihoods of rural households, especially in villages of border areas facing livelihoods. To deal with these effects, the use of coping strategies in rural areas is essential. Therefore, considering the importance of this issue, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of drought on rural communities and identify strategies for coping with its implications in border villages in Zahedan. The present research is in terms of purpose, applied and method of combined (quantitative and qualitative). The data collection tool and questionnaire were observed and interviewed with farmers and villagers. The statistical society is related to rural households in Zahedan (10278 households), which uses a simple quota and random quota sampling 380 Household was selected as the first instance. In order to analyze quantitative data, Johansson's exploratory test was used. Exploratory interviews were used to investigate and analyze qualitative analyzes. The results showed that drought in Zahedan city villages had the greatest effect on reducing water resources, cultivation, employment, income, rural poverty, number of livestock or animal products, rural migration, vegetation loss, erosion and soil salinity and reduced price Had land and land. The results of the use of coping practices among farmers in the region showed that the status of using these actions is not suitable, and more than half of the farmers do not use these methods. However, some farmers have used more relatively simple and low cost methods that do not need to specialize and with the characteristics of border villages. In terms of farmers, such as smuggling fuel and goods, leaving the village and migrate to the city, addressing non-agricultural jobs, flooring or lyrics of Qanat and manual nutrition of livestock as the most important methods for compatibility with drought and decrease The effects are it.

Water Resource plays a pivotal role in sustainable development of every area, especially in rural areas. The challenge of dehydration is one of the greatest challenges in 21st century because it can be the source of many of the world's social and ecological changes. The agricultural sector as the most important economic sector in the rural areas is directly affected by the shortage of water resources. Identifying the attitudes and solutions of indigenous farmers in facing to water deficiency plays a key role in appropriate strategies and improving the capacity of local communities to adapt to it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude of farmers in the villages of Bahar County in Hamadan province toward the challenge of dehydration and identify appropriate strategies and strategies for mitigation and adaptation in the region. This research is a descriptive-analytical study. The statistical population of the study is 68 villages in Bahar County with 18376 households. According to Cochran formula, there was needed to complete the questionnaire by 375 farmers as the number of the samples. The main data were collected through a field survey using a questionnaire. The sampling method was random and the number of samples in each village was determined by proportionate stratified sampling based on the number of farmers and the questionnaires were completed randomly. Data analysis was performed using confirmatory factor analysis in Lizrel software. The attitude of the villagers towards the aridity challenge was respectively cognitive attitude with (0.883), behavioral attitude with (0.867) and emotional attitude with (0.517) of factor analysis. Therefore, it can be concluded that the villagers' attitude to the challenge of dehydration is a cognitive-behavioral. Based on this, 12 strategies consistent with the status of the region have been proposed for optimal resource management and crop water productivity.

Entrepreneurship can have many positive effects in rural communities on the one hand, they face economic problems, especially in the areas of employment, poverty and lack of income and On the other hand, they have high environmental capabilities. This research is based on information collected through documentary and survey methods and Aiming to enable the development of entrepreneurship in major sectors of economic activity It has been done in the villages of the central District of Boyer-Ahmad County. The results showed that despite the motivation for progress, hard work and high risk-taking of employees in major sectors of economic activity (Agriculture, Industry and Services), The general situation of their entrepreneurial variables with an average of 2.618, At 99% confidence level, it is below average. The results showed the feasibility of the sub-sectors of economic activity Four economic subsectors of medicinal plants, Aquaculture, mineral water resources and tourism, respectively by average 3.548, 3.691, 3.705 and 3.419, They have high potential for entrepreneurship development. Also showed the results of Pearson test The degree of correlation between independent variables (Production of medicinal plants, aquaculture, mineral water resources and tourism) and Research dependent variable (entrepreneurship), Has been positive and statistically significant Respectively with 0.519, 0.179, 0.398 and 0.533 values.

ose of this paper is to investigate the barriers and challenges of home businesses from the perspective of home business experts and owners using the Delphi method and confirmatory factor analysis. The purpose of this study is applied research and descriptive-analytical in nature and has a qualitative approach. The statistical population of the study consists of two groups. The first group included experts from the Bureau of Co-operation, Labor and Social Welfare, and the Bureau of Cultural Heritage, Crafts and Tourism, and the second group consisted of home business owners. The sample size for the first group was 28 people using snowball or chain sampling and the second group is based on the statistics of about 1000 people in rural areas of Isfahan province which was determined 276 people according to Cochran formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software. Delphi technique was used to identify the existing challenges of Isfahan rural communities home businesses. Results in the qualitative part of the study indicated that the most important challenges facing home businesses are structural and managerial factors, policy making, financial and economic, individual-personality, research and information. In the quantitative section, using confirmatory factor analysis, there are 5 factors, namely: financial and economic factors, managerial and structural factors, weaknesses in comprehensive rules and policy, research and information, and personal and personality factors which are 78/73. Explains the percentage of total variance

Rural indigenous entrepreneurship is one of the youngest research areas to show that in Iran, one of the largest countries in Asia and has rich cultural heritage and indigenous communities, the issue of native rural entrepreneurship has not been addressed so far. Therefore, the present article, as an analytical assessment and with a variety of approaches based on richness and conceptual diversity in the fields of social sciences, economic, planning and rural development, uses a systematic approach, while introducing entrepreneurship while introducing entrepreneurship. Rural native to introduce native rural entrepreneurship to the context of future research in the country. This article contributes to a comprehensive understanding of native entrepreneurship research by analyzing literature and research lines. In this regard, the present article, which is intended for the purpose and information provided by the documentary method, sought to answer the questions about what elements of the difference between native rural entrepreneurship and classical entrepreneurship? What are the unique goals and characteristics of rural native entrepreneurship? And what are the (model) pattern for the development of native rural entrepreneurship in Iran? The results of the study indicate that indigenous entrepreneurship is different from classical/ Western entrepreneurship, and emphasizes elements such as the use of indigenous resources, indigenous cultural values, collective interest, family relationships and family/ family ties. The results showed that rural native entrepreneurship is not necessarily in response to market needs and is mostly aimed at providing family livelihoods, environmental protection, cultural and spiritual value. Unlike Western-style entrepreneurship, rural native entrepreneurship shows elements of equality-equality, collective/kinship activity, and emphasis on available cultural values ​​and natural resources. Rural indigenous entrepreneurship is often carried out with intra -household livelihoods and mostly with non -economic goals such as preserving livelihoods, preserving indigenous culture, protecting the environment and spiritual goals.

Rural management has always undergone various changes. Today, this pillar is the responsibility of the rural municipality Foundation. The purpose of forming this institution is to have a strong executive force in order to develop rural areas. rural municipality, as the executor of village programs and projects, has an important role in reducing urban and rural inequalities and improving the development of the village. Determining the degree of success of rural municipality in performing tasks is possible when its performance is carefully measured. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of rural municipality Foundation in terms of economic, social and environmental indicators in rural areas of Sarbisheh. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection in the field through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of heads of households (1931 households) in 30 villages with rural areas. The sample size at the level of heads of households was calculated using the Cochran's formula of 320 people. The result of one-sample t-test showed that the best performance of rural areas is significantly less than 0.05 in terms of social indicators with an average of 3.78. Also, a significant difference was observed between the studied villages in the field of social indicators with a significant level (0.008), economic indicators with a significant level equal to (0.004) and environmental-physical indicators with a significant level (0.047). In terms of social performance, Dehneh Chah village with an average of 4.43, in terms of economic and environmental performance, Baghestan village with an average of 3.90 and 4.16 are in first place. The study of paired t-test with a significance level of less than 0.05 and an average difference of (-1.271) indicates that the situation of rural development indicators has become more appropriate after the establishment of the rural municipality Foundation.
Keywords: Dehyariha performance, economic, social and environmental indicators, rural areas, Sarbisheh.

Considering the factors affecting the conversion of places and destinations to the tourism brand of the prevalence of tourism development in each region. Because these factors play an important role in the conversion of tourism destinations, and on the other hand, the conversion of a destination to its tourism brand is also a factor in developing more tourism in purposes. Considering the importance of this issue, the present study aimed to investigate the factors and stimuli effect on increasing the transformation of urban and rural areas to tourism brand in Guilan province. The present research is in terms of purpose, applied and method of doing it. The data collection tool and the questionnaire and interview information. The statistical population of the research is experts and tourism specialists in Guilan province, using targeted sampling method, 50 experts were selected as samples. To answer the research questions, the binary logistics model and qualitative analysis were used. The results of the research indicate that linear and meaningful communication has existed with the factors and stimuli of the research with the conversion of urban and rural places to the tourism brand. Also, the results showed that among the five factors in question, three factors of diversity of job opportunities, culture and natural assets and local infrastructure have had the most effects on the transformation of urban and rural areas in Guilan province for tourism brand.

Entrepreneurship, a burgeoning force in today's economy, plays a pivotal role in rural development by fostering progress, poverty alleviation, and job creation. However, rural areas often grapple with a scarcity of financial capital essential for business initiation or expansion. To address this, governments have introduced micro-rural credits as self-employment loans to stimulate rural employment and entrepreneurship. This study aims to evaluate the impact of government micro-credits on rural entrepreneurship development in Radkan. Adopting an applied, developmental, and descriptive-analytical approach, data was collected through documentary, library, and field research. The study population comprised 27 entrepreneurs, with a sample of 244 individuals from 13 Radkan villages selected using the Cochran formula with a 0.06 error level. Their opinions on research indicators related to the topic were assessed. Findings reveal that micro-government credits have had a negligible impact on rural entrepreneurship in the study area. Most sample entrepreneurs supplemented bank loans with personal funds. Furthermore, insufficient loan amounts, limited credit accessibility, absent insurance support, lengthy loan processing times, and unfavorable repayment terms resulted in low satisfaction levels among entrepreneurs (average 2.32) and rural residents (average 1.91).