Showing 190 results for Mohammad
Sedigheh Mohammad Panah, Hamidreza Varesi, Masoud Taghavei,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (12-2025)
Abstract
The application of structural analysis to development drivers facilitates a more nuanced understanding of the developmental landscape of provinces and enhances regional equilibrium in decision-making processes. This study examines the ten cities within Ilam province through a comprehensive assessment of 44 combined development indicators. Methodologically, this research is classified as applied in nature and employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing contemporary futurology techniques. Theoretical data were gathered through documentary methods, while empirical data were collected via surveys. Development drivers were identified through documentary analysis and environmental scanning, complemented by empirical data obtained through the Delphi method. Data processing employed the structural interaction analysis method using MIC MAC software. Findings from the interaction analysis reveal a dispersion of propulsive forces within a complex and intermediate context of impact and effectiveness; the clustering of drivers illustrates the concentration of both effective and regulatory forces. Among the 44 identified development drivers, the borders of Ilam province and managerial decision-making processes emerged as significant effective drivers. The results indicate that development in Ilam province is characterized by pronounced imbalances, with a trend towards increasing inequality. It is suggested that only through improved and more comprehensive planning can these disparities be partially mitigated.
Tahereh Karimi, Amir Karam, Parviz Zeaieanfirouzabadi, Seyyed Mohammad Tavakkoli Sabour,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (12-2025)
Abstract
Slope hazards and landslides annually inflict substantial damage in the mountainous regions of Iran, particularly within the eastern Alamut area of Qazvin province. Recent advancements in radar technology have facilitated the detection of ground surface movements, including slow slope motions and active landslides. The present study employs Sentinel 1A satellite descending data from 2018 to 2020, utilizing the Small Baseline Subset (SBaS-InSAR) methodology alongside digital elevation model (DEM) difference techniques. This approach aims to extract slope movements and Earth surface displacements, serving the critical objective of identifying new and active landslides while updating the landslide map to enhance landslide risk prediction. The results indicate that the SBaS model, which was corroborated with GPS data, field investigations, and Google Earth imagery, demonstrated a commendable level of accuracy (AUC = 0.78). The average annual movement over the study period was estimated to range from -48.6 to 40.2 mm, leading to the identification of fourteen landslide zones in the region, several of which continue to exhibit activity. Specifically, the landslide that transpired in Khobkuh on April 3, 2020, was assessed using the DEM difference model, which estimated surface changes between -1.62 and 2.75 meters. Conversely, the differential interferometry model calculated the displacement rate in this area to be between -25 and 70 mm. These methodologies offer significant advantages for estimating Earth surface displacement, subsidence, and landslides, facilitating the identification of vulnerable areas in mountainous regions and contributing to the mitigation of financial and human losses.
Mis Zahra Asgari Gandomani, Mr Hamid Roodbari, Mr Yaghoob Mohammadi,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (12-2025)
Abstract
Green marketing has emerged as a significant area of interest, particularly among sports consumers who express concern regarding environmental issues and demonstrate a willingness to purchase eco-friendly products. Nonetheless, the actual sales of such green products remain below expectations. Consequently, this study aims to examine the influence of environmental factors—including attitude, concern, and sense of environmental responsibility—on the purchasing intentions of environmentally conscious sports consumers. The present survey study gathered data from 384 Iranian students through a seven-point Likert electronic questionnaire comprising 27 items. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. A total of 390 questionnaires were distributed, with 384 deemed valid for analysis. The data were analyzed using PLS software to assess the reliability and validity of the model, as well as to test the hypotheses of the structural model. Findings reveal that environmental attitude serves as a significant driver of consumers' green purchasing behavior. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was identified between environmental responsibility and green purchasing behavior. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between environmental concerns and green purchasing behavior. Additionally, the relationship between individual green values and environmental attitude, environmental concerns, environmental responsibility, and green purchasing behavior was statistically insignificant. To leverage these insights, companies should cultivate a positive image of environmental responsibility for their products through strategic branding initiatives. This approach could enhance consumer support among those who prioritize the purchase of environmentally friendly products.
Mrs Reyhaneh Agharajabi, Dr Mohammadreza Rasouli, Dr Seyed Mahmoud Nejati Hoseini,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (12-2025)
Abstract
This study explores the cultural geography and styles of religiosity among Iranian users on Instagram, with a particular focus on how virtual spaces shape religious expression. Adopting an inductive approach, the research utilizes netnography (online ethnography) as a qualitative method. Instagram pages with religious content and significant follower counts—managed by influential figures in the religious sphere—were selected as the study sample. In total, 14 Instagram pages representing diverse religious orientations were analyzed. The posts, comments, and other published content on these pages served as the units of analysis, and data coding was conducted using MaxQDA software. Findings revealed that after the ritual dimension, the moral dimension was the most frequently recurring theme. Through analysis, nine distinct types of religiosity were identified among users, highlighting the influence of virtual geography on religious behavior and perceptions. Each user embodied a unique form of religiosity within the "soft cities" of the digital space, shaped by their environmental context and accumulated spatial experiences within the religious marketplace of Instagram. Among the dominant types were ritualistic religiosity, characterized by an emphasis on practices and ceremonies, and traditionalist religiosity, which aligns closely with official religious discourse. Other identified forms included rational, self-referential, epistemic, mystical, mixed, emotional, and fundamentalist religiosity. These categories reflect the pluralism of religious identities, values, and behaviors in Iranian society as manifested in cyberspace. Ultimately, the study underscores the profound impact of virtual cultural geography on contemporary religious culture and its diverse manifestations in digital environments.
Arefe Shabani Eraghi, Seyed Mohammad Zamanzade, Fariba Karami,
Volume 25, Issue 79 (12-2025)
Abstract
Reconstructing paleoclimate, particularly environmental temperature, plays a crucial role in understanding both current and future climate patterns. The aim of this research is to investigate the climatic conditions and estimate the ambient temperature during the Holocene period based on two sediment cores extracted from the Jazmurian Basin. Paleotemperature reconstruction was conducted using several methods, including the calculation of the standardized coefficient of variation of oxygen-18 and carbon-13 isotopes. For this purpose, the isotopic analysis of oxygen-18/oxygen-16 and carbon-13 was performed. In Jazmurian core 1, the initial temperature was estimated at 46°C. A decreasing trend of approximately 10°C was observed down to a depth of 175 cm, distributed across eight stratigraphic levels. At 175 cm, the temperature shows an increasing trend, followed by a decline at the subsequent level, and then a return to an increasing and stable trend in the next two levels. In Jazmurian core 2, the initial temperature was approximately 50°C. A sharp decrease in temperature is observed between depths of 80 to 125 cm. Subsequently, there is a slight increase of about 1°C, which remains relatively stable until a depth of 170 cm. Beyond this point, the temperature decreases again in the final two layers. The concentration of carbon-13 in core 1 ranges from 0 to 25.6, while in core 2 it varies between 25.9 and 27.1. In core 1, six carbon -13 isotope samples show a value of zero, indicating an absence of carbon-13 in those sediment layers. In contrast, core 2 displays a narrower range of variation in carbon-13 values. The isotopic and temperature variations observed in these sediment cores reflect different climatic phases during the Holocene in the Jazmurian region. Such climatic changes are often linked to cultural shifts, and the decline of ancient civilizations has frequently coincided with environmental transformations. The findings of this research may be of significant value to archaeology researchers, particularly those studying ancient Iranian civilizations.
Esmat Khan Mohammadi, Rahim Sarvar, Alireza Estalaji,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (3-2026)
Abstract
Today, the accelerating trend of urbanization, the lack of guidance and urban management, national and regional inequalities, and differences in the socio-economic base of individuals have led to the growth and expansion of informal housing. Due to this situation, informal housing has been expanding in Tehran's metropolitan area. The present study seeks to find key factors affecting informal housing in the study area and also to determine the relationships between criteria through structural-interpretive modeling (ISM). Are; Which is applied in terms of the nature of the application and in terms of the combined method (quantitative and qualitative) and in terms of the inductive research approach In this method, a questionnaire tool was used and in order to analyze the relationships and present their structural model, the interpretive structural modeling method was used, The results of MICMAC analysis and the classification of key factors in the four matrix clusters It shows that the factors of economic growth, redistributive policies, decentralization and transfer of authority, regional equilibrium policies, revision of development and sanctions laws and regulations and its effects are in the fourth cluster,which are in fact variables of research. In fact, key variables are research, and the only factor in housing policies is the cluster of link variables, which will guide other factors, and change will affect the entire system.
Farzad Shirzad, Mr Bohlol Alijani, Mehry Akbary, Mohammad Saligheh,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (3-2026)
Abstract
Climate change and global warming are very important issues of the present century. Climate change process, especially temperature and precipitation changes, the most important issue is environmental science. Climate change means a change in the long-term average. Iran is located in the subtropical high pressure zone in arid and semi-arid regions and the Hyrcanian forest is a green area between the Caspian Sea and the Alborz mountain range. At the 43rd UNESCO Summit, the Hyrcanian forests were registered as the second natural heritage of Iran. Beech is one of the most important tree species and the most industrial species of Hyrcanian forests It accounts for about 18 percent of the northern forest volume (from Astara to Gorgan with a life span of about 250 years). The study area is located in the Shanderman basin in western Guilan province. In this research using tree dendroclimatology, Use of vegetative width of beech tree rings, Weather station statistics located in the study area, And Mann-Kendall nonparametric statistical method, To Investigate Climate Change Trend on Growth Time Series and Pearson Statistical Method, in order to evaluate the correlation of diameter growth of beech tree rings with climate variables in the region, an attempt was made. Results of time series of beech tree growth rings over 202 years. Using the nonparametric method Mann- Kendall showed, Changes in growth rings of beech trees have a downward and negative trend, at level 5 %, it was significant. Temperature Minimum, Average, Maximum, and Evaporation during the growing season, there was an upward trend and Annual precipitation there was a downward trend. Using the Pearson method Fit correlation of growth ring diameter with temperature, For the average monthly in February and the average minimum temperature in July, August and September and Negative correlation, for average maximum temperature in February, July, August and September at 95% level, it was significant and precipitation in June, the correlation was 95% positive and significant.
Hosein Shamsi, Rahmat Mohammadzadeh,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (3-2026)
Abstract
Lefebvre's theory has received much attention in the field of space production, and its importance is especially in the fact that it is systematically integrated in the categories of city and space as a comprehensive and comprehensible social theory.
The traditional planning of land use is completely abstract and formal and devoid of perceptual and meaningful components, but Lefouri's trialectic approach is not like this and consists of three virtues (spatial practice-spatial representation and representational space) that are in communication with each other and collaboratively and at the same time in the moment. They form, produce a whole.This research has a descriptive and analytical method, and in terms of its purpose, it is fundamental. The changes caused by the arrival of new paradigms in the approaches of urban planning and urban design, which assigns a different nature to the strategic system of urban development changes, and on the other hand, new attention to space and finding the concept of living space to be important, it seems that Lefebvre's trialectic approach is contrary to traditional user planning. The land values the everyday space and lived experience of the residents and can create spaces that increase the sense of place and sense of belonging of the residents to their living space.The review of the concepts shows that the concept of lived space (abstract-concrete space) was influenced by different approaches of the philosophy of science (interpretative and critical) and now it is witnessing an approach change (paradigm), which can show social transformations. This study shows that space-place (living space or space-love) is, unlike the previous definition of space based on positivist (mental and perceptual), abstract and generalist approaches, mainly a demarcated area of space that has physical-concrete characteristics and It is formed and filled with meaning through human experience.
Sayyed Mohammad Hosseini,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (3-2026)
Abstract
for the spatial analysis of precipitation in the Middle East, have been used gridded precipitation data from the World Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) with a monthly temporal resolution and a spatial resolution of 0.5×0.5 arc degrees. Therefore, a matrix of 80 x 160 dimensions was obtained for the Middle East region (160 longitudinal cells and 80 transverse cells). The reason for choosing network data is their proper spatial and temporal separation and their up-to-date compared to station data. The period under investigation is from 1970 to 2020 AD. Finally, the long-term maps of the Middle East precipitation were drawn on an annual and monthly basis. The results indicate that precipitation in the Middle East tends to concentrate and cluster in the spatial and temporal dimension. In other words, due to the special geographical location of the Middle East region, such as uneven topography, distance and proximity to moisture-feeding sources (Caspian Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean) and the direction of unevenness, Precipitation in high altitude areas, It is concentrated in the neighborhood of seas and oceans and also in the windy slopes of the mountain range of the region. The uneven distribution of geographical conditions has caused uneven distribution of Precipitation in the Middle East. So that; The center and gravity of the Middle Eastern Precipitation is concentrated in the eastern end of the Black Sea, southern Turkey in the neighborhood of Syria and Iraq, the Ararat-Zagors belt in the west of Iran, the southern shore of the Caspian Sea, the Pamir highlands and the Bay of Bengal in India, and the Hindu Kush highlands in Pakistan. Is. However, the many parts of the Middle East, due to their proximity to large deserts (African Sahara, Lut Desert, Dasht-Kavir, Arabia's Rab-al-Khali and Afghan deserts), have less than 100 mm of Precipitation. The results showed that the maximum Precipitation of this region has been transferred to the winter season, and the summer season is still the driest period in the Middle East, and only the coasts of the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal have monsoon rains
Dr. Vahab Amiri, Dr. Nassim Sohrabi, Dr. Seyed Mohammadali Moosavizadeh,
Volume 26, Issue 80 (3-2026)
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on the physicochemical composition of groundwater in the Qazvin aquifer. Based on the optimized Gibbs diagram, the concentration of samples at the end of the freshwater interaction path with silicate units results from geochemical evolution due to the dissolution of these geological units and an increase in the Na/(Na+Ca) ratio. The ion exchange mechanism was assessed using bivariate diagrams of Ca+Mg vs. SO4+HCO3 and Schoeller's chloro-alkaline indices CAI-1 and CAI-2. The results indicate that in 68% of the samples, direct ion exchange, and in 32%, reverse ion exchange control the groundwater chemistry. The changes in Ca vs. SO4 indicate that gypsum dissolution alone is not the source of these ions. These changes could be due to ion mobility and transport during pedogenic processes (sulfur biogeochemical cycle) and anthropogenic factors. The study also examined the role of factors such as agricultural input, atmospheric input, soil nitrogen, sewage input, manure input, chemical fertilizers, and the denitrification process in groundwater pollution using NO3/Na vs. Cl/Na and the NO3/Cl vs. Cl diagrams. The results reveal that agricultural and sewage inputs significantly impact the NO3 and Cl content. Furthermore, in some locations, especially in the southeast of the aquifer, the denitrification process causes a decrease in NO3 concentration. These findings can contribute to effective water resource management in this strategic aquifer by understanding the controlling mechanisms of physicochemical composition and identifying potential groundwater pollution sources.
