The importance of retail in the marketing process has become weaker with the development of shopping centers today, The growth of shopping malls in the metropolitan areas of Iran has been increasing over the past few years and there is no longer competition for retailers. Therefore, surveying the behavior of consumers in their shopping centers is a competitive strategy for the owners of these industries in order to compete with retailers and other shopping centers. The statistical population in this research is Shopping centers of Tehran, Isfahan, Alborz and Mazandaran. The method of selecting shopping centers based on artificial intelligence studies has been done through genetic algorithm. The criteria for choosing the centers are optimal according to the principles of urban management. Using a conceptual model through structural equations of partial least squares, using the Smart PLS software, the statistical population of the study was 384 people. The results showed that the variables of beauty, escape, role play, comfort, brand identity, social responsibility, and impunity affect consumers' behavior in shopping centers, The results of this study have been able to provide a native model with respect to the structures of shopping centers in Iran.                                                            

Many factors, including cultural factors, currents and schools of thought, and patterns of urbanization in the world are influential in the physical structure of a city. The physical structure of the city is the result of all the forces that give rise to the formation and formation of a settlement and has an objective and mental appearance. The growth and development of cities, due to various events in all historical periods, has been declining and rising. Nowadays, knowledge of the physical structure of the city and the reasons that govern its spatial expansion in different periods is necessary to control its expansion and is one of the important factors influencing the success of urban planners and designers. This study was written with the aim of identifying and prioritizing cultural factors affecting the physical structure of the city with emphasis on indigenous architecture. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Library and field methods were used to collect information. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts and specialists in architecture and urban planning, with a sample size of 30 people. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, the fuzzy Delphi technique and the BMW model were used. The results of fuzzy Delphi technique confirmed the identified factors and sub-factors. The results of the BMW model showed that among the identified factors, the privacy factor with a final score of 0.298 in the first place, the security quality factor with a final score of 0.273 in the second place, the nature connection factor and social interactions with a final score of 220 / 0 is in the third place and the hierarchical factor is in the fourth place with a final score of 0.209.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze turbulence, fluctuations and jumps of Iranian regions. For this purpose, environmental data has been gathered in two parts. In the first part of the data, the results of the interpolation of the daily precipitation observations of 1434 stations of climate and climate were used from the beginning of 1340 to 1383. After the formation of a database to identify the Iranian regions, a cluster analysis was used on average data and annual and monthly rainfall variation coefficients. Silhouette analysis has been used to validate the Iranian rainy areas. In order to investigate disturbances, mutations and fluctuations in Iran's rainy areas, this study was carried out. The results of cluster analysis indicate that Iran's peripheral areas are divided into six classes. In the meantime, the Caspian region (area 4) has the highest rainfall and the lowest coefficient of variation. The distribution of rainfall regime in each of the six areas shows that Iran's precipitation regime is more frequent in winter and spring and sometimes in autumn. Investigation and analysis of rainfall turmoil has shown that rainfall, except in the 4th district (Caspian region), in other areas of distribution of rainfall occurred along with disturbance. Although most disturbances occur in the zagros area, the highest sequence of disturbances is related to the fifth load region. The least sequence of disturbances occurred in the central and eastern part of the country. The results of mutation analysis and fluctuations indicate that rainfall disturbances, except in the early years of precipitation regions two and five in other regions of the other regions, have no significant mutation, while short-term fluctuations of 3-5 years on rainfall Each of the six domains has dominated.

Livestock farming is one of the most important activities in rural areasand most villagers, along with agriculture and horticulture, are engaged in animal husbandry (Livestock storage) and some products of the villagers in the agriculture and horticulture sector are devoted to livestock feeding, and others are consumed or sold, such as lob bits, live meat and etc. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of livestock economics on sustainable rural development. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. Library and field studies have been used to collect data. The study area is East Gavdoul District in the Malekan County. According to the census of this region, there were 2306 households and 7468 inhabitants in 2016. According to the Cochran formula, 283 households were selected as the statistical sample of the research. This sample was randomly selected from households with livelihood economics. To analyze data on inferential statistics, one-sample t-test,  regression,  analysis and performance diagrams were used. The results of this study showed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between livestock economy and sustainable rural development with a correlation of 0.400 and significance level of 0.30; So, for the dimensions of livestock economics,  the economic sector with the impact of 0.743 and the social sector with the impact of 0.355 have the most impact on the sustainable rural development in the region. Also, the physical section with an impact value of 0.176 has had the lowest level of impact on sustainable rural development in the region. The general results of the research show that the economic sector with 0.41% and the social sector with 0.31% have a positive effect on the development and expansion of the livestock economy of the area.
 

The route optimization process is one of the analyzes that can be used when there is a constraint on resources and time, including post-earthquake conditions. In this research, this analysis has been used to solve the Travelling Salesman Problem. In this case, the goal is finding the shortest path between a set of points and the algorithm will try to minimize the transmission costs and target function. This paper due to target, is practical and developmental, due to doing method is descriptive and analytical and due to information gathering method is documental and surveying. In order to implement this problem, by considering to the strict scenario of accessing resources, two algorithms including the Ant Colony Optimization and Imperialist Competition Algorithm in the MATLAB environment with the Dijkstra algorithm in the GIS environment have been used. The view points of the model are areas that prepared to temporary post-earthquake settlement in Gorgan city and the spatial and temporal real-time distances in the urban network are used instead of Euclidian distances. The results of the implementation of the model have shown that the Ant Colony Optimization has performed the route optimization in two parameters of time and distance more effectively than the two dijkstra and Imperialist Competition Algorithm.

In this study, used the data of the Modis satellite. Satellite in the province of Hamadan for a period of 15 years to study and monitor the status of the leaf area index. The leaf area index data were analyzed. After extraction from the Modus website, coding was done in software and then extracted from the maps. Finally, the annual time series of leaf area index was obtained and its relation with rainfall and average temperature during these years. In order to investigate better, the cells above the one representing a better condition and higher leaf area density. In this regard, the years 2002, 2008 and 2011 were (0.01, 0.03, and 0.03%) of the lowest pixels higher than 1 and 2016 with 0.24 and 2014, 2009 and 2010 with 0.07 pixels higher than 1, the highest number of pixels. The common aspect of all years shows that in terms of pixels above the common places, all the years: the southern Hamadan gardens in the south of the Moradbeyk Valley, the Nahavand West fields, the south-east Malayer Gardens, the protected area Lashgar in the south-east of Malayer. The only difference seen in different years is the number of pixels. Finally, the time series of the data were the highest in 1389 and the lowest level of leaf area in the years 1381 and 2008.

Generally speaking the existence of metropolises, alongwith the high various business districts have led to high valume of travels to these centers.The density and separation of these centers brings about the increase and the decrease of the vehicles. The adoption of location determination strategies and that of the comunicational centers and the city activities has made the cities continue the developement process while cosidering the fairly service destribution and the spatial equalities.The goal of this research is the recognition and determination of the city spatial organization working centers and activity model and the relation of service functioning with one another so that the mono central and poly central cities can have a important effect on the destribution system and service centers and the vast changes of the citizens .The analysis method is a kind of quantity and quality one. In the quality part of that the descriptive statistics ( the geometrical presentation , graphical disparation, the centralism measures) and the Hansen Model. In the areas of planning, a great difference is seen in the levels of land uses so that the land use of higher educations in the western metropolitan city of Mashhad area is 84 percent while that of the eastern area is 3 percent. It is the same about the equipped medicinal, commercial and green space areas.Only in the areas of managerial levels  there is a relative balance. Finaly the city is devided by three areas throughwhich while considering the employment , the developement potential and distance , the land use determining rate was found out. 

Interactions and sometimes contradictions in economic and cultural priorities which happen due to social transformations, changes in paradigms and changes in economic – political systems led to changes in urban regeneration concept. The role of culture in urban regeneration had significant changes comparing to other factors; and the cultural focuses became the main approach in urban regeneration in recent decades. The quality of built environment and level of residents’ satisfaction plays an important role in regeneration policies of target areas as well. This study investigates the impact of environment quality variables (environmental, physical, economic and social) on level of residents’ satisfaction in cultural neighborhoods of Kerman, with the goal of improving the regeneration process.The method of this research is applied-developmental in terms of the aim, and descriptive and causal comparative in terms of the nature. This study uses questionnaire as a tool for collecting data. The study sample size is 513 and the data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS softwares. The results demonstrate a significant direct relationship between economic and physical variables as well as social variables and consequently the same relationship between economic and the sense of satisfaction. The results also indicate a significant inverse relationship between environmental variables, which are effective on sense of satisfaction, and economic variables. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) show that improvement in the condition of economic, physical and environmental variables, will improve condition of social variables and the sense of satisfaction in the studied neighborhoods. Furthermore, analysis showed that economic variables have more effect on social variables and eventually on the sense of satisfaction as compared to physical and environmental variables. Therefore, the negative effects of each four aforementioned factors could be decreased in the studied neighborhood through planning and application of culture-led regeneration policies. Accordingly the increase in the sense of satisfaction would improve the revitalization and sustainability in these neighborhoods.

The aim of this study is to identify the spatial distribution of Vertically Integrated Moisture Flux Convergence (Vertically Integrated) Moisture Flux Convergence) on Iran’s atmosphere. To achieve this aim, the monthly ECMWF gridded data used during the period from 1/1979-12/2013. First, based on the specific humidity content in the atmosphere, troposphere divided into three layers (850-1000hPa), mid (700-775hPa) and upper (500-600hPa). In order to achieve VIMFC spatial variations on Iran, spatial self-correlation methods   of globular moron and hot spots used at 90, 95, 99 and 99/99 percent significance levels. The results of this study showed that the spatial distribution of VIMFC in Iran during the first layer of troposphere and especially during warm months of year has a high cluster pattern and in cold months of the year and in the third layer of troposphere cluster pattern decrease. Based on the hot spots index in the first layer of troposphere low height regions, in the second layer of troposphere the  high regions of the Alborz, zagros and central mountains and in the third layer of troposphere alpine regions of central and eastern Iran's mountains has positive spatial self-correlation (hot spots). The results show that in winter and autumn during the second period (1999-2013), the range of hot spots of the VIMFC show a significant reduction compared to the first period (1979-1998) on Iran.

Groundwater resources are important part of the sweet water available to humans. The present study studies and evaluates the quality of water resources of karstic basin of Roein Esfarayen. For this purpose, sampling of water from water sources was carried out and groundwater quality of the area was evaluated in terms of drinking, agriculture and industry using Schoeller, Wilcox and Langelier diagrams, Water Quality Index( WQI) and groundwater quality index (GQI). According to the results of the analysis of the samples taken and the relevant charter diagrams, most of the water sources in the area were in the good category for drinking. The results of the Wilcox diagram showed that only S7 (Springs of Zargara), S6 (Springs of Sarang Zwucha) and S20 samples (rivers at the basin outlet) had saline water but could be used for agriculture and the rest were suitable for agriculture. The water quality table of the region's springs in terms of industrial use also showed that all of the water samples of the region except the Springs of Sangvah, which contains sediment-bearing water, have corrosive properties. The WQI index is also indicative of the quality of all samples taken in drinking water, and only the surface water of the basin outlet whose WQI is above 50 is in good condition. Location and quality zoning of drinking water from the GQI index was also carried out. The GQI quality index in the region varied from 93.42 to 95.87 in the region. Therefore, it can be said that although the minimum quality of samples is related to surface water of the basin, but this quality value is also in the appropriate quality category. Therefore, in total, all the water resources of the study area are in the category of quality in terms of drinking water standards

A new urbanism theory has emerged in recent decades in response to numerous urban problems of the twentieth century, with the goal of creating vibrant, compact, diverse and desirable cities in terms of work, walking, life, and transportation options. In view of the widespread acceptance of this theory among the Iranian researchers, the aim of this study is to assess the sustainability of organic and planned neighborhoods in Mashhad based on the spatial-physical indexes of new urbanism. In this regard, two neighborhoods, Rah­Ahan (organic neighborhood) and the second phase of Rezashahr (planned neighborhood) were selected. This research method is descriptive- analytical and the mixed model of AHP and GIS has been used to assess the stability of two neighborhoods. Accordingly, the Sustainability Measurement Model was used as a hierarchy in the form of 7 physical-space indicators (type of road, pedestrian width, land use, area of lots, access to the center of the neighborhood, number of floors and access to public transport) . Tthe research results show that in Rezashhar, 68.43% of neighborhood area has moderate to high stability and 31.57%  of the total of the neighborhood area is the lack of stability, and in Rah­Ahan, 70.84%  of the total of the neighborhood has moderate to high stability and 29.16% of the total of the neighborhood is lack of stability. Therefore, according to the spatial indicators of the new urbanism, the neighborhood of Reza Shahr is more unsustainable than the old neighborhood of Rah Ahan. Therefore, this study shows the richness of traditional Iranian urbanization and the superiority of old neighborhoods. So, it can be said that traditional and organic urbanization is a more appropriate basis for applying the new urbanism approach and this approach can be used in the form of urban regeneration.

In today's urban planning, the paraphrastic processes of symbolic systems in the city, which aim to show the social and cultural meaning of the physical environment, have received less attention, and most urban contexts, regardless of significant and identifiable differences and similarities and the hidden values in the context and the patterns of traditional urban planning and architecture of Iran are formed, and this makes it important to analyze these processes. The object of this paper is to present a framework for considering change of semiotics system caused by factors affecting the urban identity and comparing these systems in the old and new textures of the city by layered attitude toward the city as a multimedia text. The research is qualitative and the method of research is descriptive-analytic analytic and Semiotics has been used as a tool and method for considering representations and analyzing the identity of the city. Studies in the old context relied heavily on documents and in the new context is field and the samples were studied in hot and dry areas of Iran.The results show that based on the study of representations in the symbolic system in the textual layers of the city form, the duality of meaning and identity of the old and new textures of a city over time indicate several main factors of change within the textual layers of the form of city, the rupture and duality in the human layer and change in the system of codes that affect the structure of the city form, which is manifested in the elimination, replacement or change of signs in the natural, social and artificial layers.

Geographical studies on food categorized in five scales; global and transnational, national and regional, urban, rural and agricultural, domestic scales of food consumption and the individual as a consumer. Based on this categorization, the present study is placed within urban and domestic scales. By accepting that population of Tehran metropolis will definitely increase in future and regarding that based on systematic approach and limits to grow theory (Meadows, Randers, & Meadows, 2004), no growth in the world will continue forever. We must consider factors that limit the growth of Tehran, besides factors provoke development. One of the limiting factors is the natural and geographical potential of Tehran metropolis. For this research among qualitative methods in futures studies, we chose the scenario, because this method "make the future more real for decision makers to force new thinking and decisions". In the formulation of food consumption scenarios, due to the diversity of stakeholders, the challenges and the types of issues and ambiguities, the approach of the Global Business Network (GBN) was chosen. To analyze the key factors and identifying the key variables the structural analysis method and MickMac software was used. Based on two key variables, technology, and consumer responsibility, four scenarios were created, these are four scenarios: Smart eating scenario, McDonaldization of Society scenario, Food Geography scenario, and Community Eating scenario. In this study, four alternative food futures have been presented for Tehran. In these scenarios, both desirable and undesirable futures are clearly and accurately depicted. The geography of food scenario due to the neglect of the environmental capacities and natural and geographic potentials is the most unsustainable scenario for the future of Tehran. Without scenarios, thinking about the futures of food in Tehran is very difficult and even impossible. These scenarios can help us take into account possible futures in today's decisions. Although this article does not predict a specific future for food in Tehran, But, given the recognition and sensitivity of the events, it can be very useful for long-term decisions.

Understanding the main components of the watershed water basin and analyzing their hydrologic behavior are among the key components of any planning and management procedures in the field of water resources engineering. Today, the need to use modern technologies in hydrological modeling of watersheds has been discussed more than before. The purpose of this study is the simulation of hydrological components in various land use categories in the catchment area of the Dez river basin. Since the tool used in the research is the SWAT model and the SUFI-2 algorithm, the database used include a range of input data. In order to determine the level of sensitivity of the model to the input parameters, global sensitivity analysis was performed. Then, by adjusting the selected parameters and using the observation current, the model was calibrated and validated for the periods 2007 - 1994 and 2013 - 2008, respectively. The coefficients of NS, R2, P-factor and R-factor confirmed the model's ability to simulate river flow in the studied basin. The results of the model showed that the areas with forest use share the highest contribution to aquifer nutrition, and the barren lands have the highest surface runoff. Surface runoff has the leading role in creating the main stream of the river and after that the main flow has been effective in this area. The forest use change to Agricultural lands and pasture will change the hydrological parameters of the basin, and the result of these changes will lead to the increase in the surface runoff, the reduction of nutrition of groundwater resources and the reduction of river basin water. The SWAT model can be used as a precursor model in watershed management studies.