ose of this paper is to investigate the barriers and challenges of home businesses from the perspective of home business experts and owners using the Delphi method and confirmatory factor analysis. The purpose of this study is applied research and descriptive-analytical in nature and has a qualitative approach. The statistical population of the study consists of two groups. The first group included experts from the Bureau of Co-operation, Labor and Social Welfare, and the Bureau of Cultural Heritage, Crafts and Tourism, and the second group consisted of home business owners. The sample size for the first group was 28 people using snowball or chain sampling and the second group is based on the statistics of about 1000 people in rural areas of Isfahan province which was determined 276 people according to Cochran formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software. Delphi technique was used to identify the existing challenges of Isfahan rural communities home businesses. Results in the qualitative part of the study indicated that the most important challenges facing home businesses are structural and managerial factors, policy making, financial and economic, individual-personality, research and information. In the quantitative section, using confirmatory factor analysis, there are 5 factors, namely: financial and economic factors, managerial and structural factors, weaknesses in comprehensive rules and policy, research and information, and personal and personality factors which are 78/73. Explains the percentage of total variance

Climate change, including spatial changes in rainfall following the increase in greenhouse gases, is a challenge that affects various aspects of life in human societies today. In this study, the long-term spatial changes of the rainy season from September to May were studied using the statistics of "local Moran" and "Hot spots of Getis Ord-J" during 5 5-year periods from 1991 to 2015. The application of local Moran statistics showed that areas with long rainfall periods are in good agreement with the countrychr('39')s rainfall pattern. This adaptation is accompanied by a negative spatial correlation in lands with short rainfall periods. The pattern obtained from the hot spot statistics also showed itself to be more consistent and corresponded to two very low rainfall regimes in the southeast and center, while according to local Moran statistics, this pattern was more scattered and parts of it had a low southern precipitation regime. . In addition, the results of Alexandersonchr('39')s statistics to identify mutations in the long-term series of the rainy season showed that the time series of 13 stations out of 108 stations studied experienced a sudden jump that these mutations are more in the southern stations in the country and in later years. It has occurred since 2000 AD.

Rural indigenous entrepreneurship is one of the youngest research areas to show that in Iran, one of the largest countries in Asia and has rich cultural heritage and indigenous communities, the issue of native rural entrepreneurship has not been addressed so far. Therefore, the present article, as an analytical assessment and with a variety of approaches based on richness and conceptual diversity in the fields of social sciences, economic, planning and rural development, uses a systematic approach, while introducing entrepreneurship while introducing entrepreneurship. Rural native to introduce native rural entrepreneurship to the context of future research in the country. This article contributes to a comprehensive understanding of native entrepreneurship research by analyzing literature and research lines. In this regard, the present article, which is intended for the purpose and information provided by the documentary method, sought to answer the questions about what elements of the difference between native rural entrepreneurship and classical entrepreneurship? What are the unique goals and characteristics of rural native entrepreneurship? And what are the (model) pattern for the development of native rural entrepreneurship in Iran? The results of the study indicate that indigenous entrepreneurship is different from classical/ Western entrepreneurship, and emphasizes elements such as the use of indigenous resources, indigenous cultural values, collective interest, family relationships and family/ family ties. The results showed that rural native entrepreneurship is not necessarily in response to market needs and is mostly aimed at providing family livelihoods, environmental protection, cultural and spiritual value. Unlike Western-style entrepreneurship, rural native entrepreneurship shows elements of equality-equality, collective/kinship activity, and emphasis on available cultural values ​​and natural resources. Rural indigenous entrepreneurship is often carried out with intra -household livelihoods and mostly with non -economic goals such as preserving livelihoods, preserving indigenous culture, protecting the environment and spiritual goals.

Population growth and the need for economic and social services have accelerated the demands for land and its manipulations over the recent decades. The contribution of policies and interventions of different stakeholders in land change is not adequately addressed in previous studies. This research, therefore, aims to examine the role of key stakeholders, and their policies in land-use change in the study area. In doing so a total number of 20 interviews with senior experts and informants from 13 local organizations were conducted to collect qualitative data on the form, process and cause of land-use change in the area. Atlasti software was used to analysis the interviews' data. Furthermore, Social Networks Analysis (SNA) and questionnaires were used to map the trust among the stakeholders and also the role of their policies and program on land-use changes from the perspective of other stakeholders. The results show that the policies and interventions of the municipality are playing the most significant role in land-use change via disregarding and violations of roles and related for individual illegal benefits. Additionally, departments of agriculture, rural councils are among the most trusted agents in land use governance and management. Furthermore, water shortage was the most important reason pointed out by the many interviewees for conversion of farmlands to other uses. A part from water shortage, some other reasons such as: lack of governmental support for farming, strict official constraints and difficulties in providing amenities for gardens, expensive agricultural inputs, land price increase, immigration, corruptions in local organization are identified as drivers of rural land-use change.
Keywords: Key words: Land use change, stakeholders, governance, Social Networks Analysis, Shariyar County.

Rural management has always undergone various changes. Today, this pillar is the responsibility of the rural municipality Foundation. The purpose of forming this institution is to have a strong executive force in order to develop rural areas. rural municipality, as the executor of village programs and projects, has an important role in reducing urban and rural inequalities and improving the development of the village. Determining the degree of success of rural municipality in performing tasks is possible when its performance is carefully measured. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of rural municipality Foundation in terms of economic, social and environmental indicators in rural areas of Sarbisheh. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection in the field through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of heads of households (1931 households) in 30 villages with rural areas. The sample size at the level of heads of households was calculated using the Cochran's formula of 320 people. The result of one-sample t-test showed that the best performance of rural areas is significantly less than 0.05 in terms of social indicators with an average of 3.78. Also, a significant difference was observed between the studied villages in the field of social indicators with a significant level (0.008), economic indicators with a significant level equal to (0.004) and environmental-physical indicators with a significant level (0.047). In terms of social performance, Dehneh Chah village with an average of 4.43, in terms of economic and environmental performance, Baghestan village with an average of 3.90 and 4.16 are in first place. The study of paired t-test with a significance level of less than 0.05 and an average difference of (-1.271) indicates that the situation of rural development indicators has become more appropriate after the establishment of the rural municipality Foundation.
Keywords: Dehyariha performance, economic, social and environmental indicators, rural areas, Sarbisheh.

Rain water harvesting is an appropriate option for storing surface runoff for subsequent uses during periods with limited access to water. The most important step in the application of rainwater harvesting systems (RWH) is the site selection suitable areas. Therefore, by identifying suitable sites for this purpose, time and cost will be saved . In this research, multivariate regression model and GIS were used to site selection in situ (RWH) in Tajare watershed. For this purpose, layers such as crown cover, litter, rock and stones, soil, curve number, rainfall, slope and depth of field as independent variable and infiltration were considered as the dependent variable. Then, according to the maps, their values were calculated in average for each of the 27 sub-basins. Also, to investigate the relationship between these variables and weighting, each of the effective layers of multi-variable regression was used by the stepwise method The results showed that the linear multivariate regression model with an explanation coefficient of 0.993 was able to estimate the penetration factor values well In terms of grade of importance, the curve number variables with a coefficient of -2.433, depth of soil with a coefficient of 0.3488, and rubble and gravel percent with a coefficient of 0.057, were the most important, and other factors were not significant. Comparison of the map from the site selection of multivariate regression in this research with some recommended criteria of various research studies showed that the predicted classes with good in the central parts of the basin and very good in the upstream areas of the basin which in the eastern and southeastern part of the basin fit have a good overlap with the recommended areas with these criteria.

Wetland cover classification is of special importance in order to identify the type of plant species inside the wetland and also to distinguish it from the wetland margin vegetation and to study their ecosystem changes.  Due to the spectral similarity between different plant species of wetlands and plants along the wetlands and agricultural lands, this is faced with problems using multispectral data and hyperspectral data can be very useful in this regard. in this study power of hyperspectral and multispectral sensors in identifying the characteristics of the wetland and the ability of ETM + (2011), Hyperion (2011) and ALI (2011) sensors to study the characteristics of Shadegan wetland during 1390 and different spectral indices with a suitable combination of The satellite imagery bands of these sensors were compared as input to a variety of classification methods including maximum likelihood, minimum distance, neural network and support vector machine. The results showed that the support vector machine and neural network methods with closer classification accuracy of 85% in all three images show closer results to reality. The classification accuracy for all three images was at its highest for the backup vector machine method, with a total accuracy of 95.73 for the Hyperion image, 88.03 for the ALI and 89.34 for the ETM +. Therefore, the characteristics considered for the wetland, in the three images obtained from the SVM algorithm showed that showing the differentiation of wetland vegetation use from irrigated agricultural land use is more ambiguous than other wetland features. Studies have shown that this part is less recognizable in ALI and ETM + images than Hyperion images, or in some areas these parts are not separable from aquaculture land at all, while Hyperion due to having 220 bands and having a higher level of Spectral details have the ability to distinguish between the two classes.

The development of sustainable entrepreneurship plays a critical role in promoting human well-being and environmental preservation. To achieve this objective, it is essential to understand the factors affecting the emergence of entrepreneurial opportunities in different regions. Therefore, this study aims to explore these factors through a descriptive-analytical survey, with data collected from documentary research and field surveys. The number of experts was 52 who were purposefully sampled using the snowball method. The study employed four indicators and 28 items, which were measured using the Likert scale. A sample of 439 individuals, consisting of 387 villagers and 52 experts, participated in the study. The selection of the 387 villagers was determined using Cochran's formula from a statistical population of 215,104 people. Descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics, including one-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance, were used to analyze the data. The results of the one-sample t-test revealed that all indicators examined in the study were statistically significant at a confidence level above 95%. These findings suggest that the villagers' perception of these indicators is positive, given that the observed mean value (3.1) is assumed to be positive. Furthermore, the evaluation statistics, such as the multiple determination coefficient and adjusted coefficient of determination, indicated that the transcendental model provides a better understanding of the factors influencing entrepreneurial opportunities and the key areas of entrepreneurship. The analysis of the transcendental model demonstrated that government subsidies, investment and facilities, product insurance, and education are the most influential factors in the formation of entrepreneurial opportunities. Additionally, the most important sectors for creating and developing entrepreneurship were found to be handicrafts, home-based jobs, oil and gas, medicinal plants, and date production. Overall, the results highlight the region's significant potential for natural, economic, and industrial entrepreneurship, emphasizing the necessity for the government to prioritize investment in entrepreneurship.

 Assessing and predicting future climate change is of particular importance due to its adverse effects on water resources and the natural environment, as well as its environmental, economic and social effects. Meanwhile, rainfall is also an important climatic element that causes a lot of damage in excess conditions. West Azerbaijan Province is no exception. The aim of this study is to model and predict 30 years of rainfall in West Azerbaijan province. The statistical period studied is 32 years (2019-1987). Selected stations in the province include Urmia, Piranshahr, Takab, Khoy, Sardasht, Mahabad and Mako stations. Average slider time series models, Sarima (seasonal Arima), Health Winters were used for analysis and prediction and also linear regression and Mann-Kendall test were used to determine the data trend. The results show an increasing trend of precipitation in Urmia, Piranshahr, Khoy, Sardasht and Mako stations and a decreasing trend in Takab and Mahabad stations. According to the results of comparing the models used, the Health Winters model with the least error in the absolute mean of deviations, mean squared deviations and the percentage of absolute mean errors was introduced as the best precipitation forecasting model for West Azerbaijan province. province.                                     [A1] 

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One of the aspects of sustainable urban development and balanced physical development is in line with ecological and socio-economic environmental conditions. In the last decades of the twentieth century, despite many efforts in the field of sustainable spatial development of cities, this issue still remains an important challenge for geographers, urban planners, architects and urban planners. In many cities in developing countries, rapid urbanization and increasing urban population have exacerbated environmental hazards. This is doubly important in small cities. Because physical development, in addition to land use change, has met the basic needs of urban society, including the provision of safe and sufficient water, green space per capita, urban waste management and environmental pollution. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and analytical in terms of method. The statistical population consisted of university professors and experts in the field of research in Ardakan who were selected by purposive sampling. They were selected to conduct and implement the research. In order to achieve the research objectives, using a new analytical methodology of interpretive structural modeling (ISM), the relationships between the factors were determined and analyzed in an integrated manner. Finally, using MICMAC analysis, the factors were analyzed according to the impact and effectiveness on other components. The results of the interpretive structural model of the factors affecting the inner development of the city showed that the obtained model includes three levels and the results showed that the managerial and physical factors are the most basic factors affecting the inner development of the city that should be addressed in the first place. In other words, any action to pave the way for the internal development of the city, requires attention to these factors along with other factors

The urban development strategy is a new initiative that is being implemented in many cities throughout the world, including several in Iran, to enhance the quality of life, combat poverty, promote sustainable development, and foster effective urban management with a participatory approach.This study aims to investigate and compare how residents and municipal administrators perceive various aspects of the urban development plan. This study is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population includes the managers and employees of urban management and citizens at Yasouj city. The research sample size was calculated using Cochran's method to be 384 participants for citizens and 30 people for managers. The research was analyzed using one-sample t-tests, independent t-tests, one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), and multivariate linear regression.The study's findings indicate that while municipal administrators are largely satisfied with these dimensions' current status, residents believe that these elements of the urban development plan are not in satisfactory condition. The descriptive statistics and the t-test demonstrated that the mean of the overall dimensions of an urban development plan is 1.88 from the perspective of people and 2.98 from the perspective of urban administrators. The degree of satisfaction with the research's dimensions varies significantly between the two groups as well. According to the findings of the linear regression, the dimensions of bankability and the ability to live comfortably have the maximum and minimum significance from the perspective of the people with a coefficient of 0.413 and 0.167, respectively. However, from the perspective of city managers, the livability and good governance dimensions, with coefficients of 0.373 and 0.112, are the most and least significant. Finally, the findings of the present study may help urban managers make better decisions and deliver services that are more in line with the needs of the community.

Ancient cities have always had a fundamental difference from today's cities, a difference that was well felt in their body and overall structure, in such a way that they can be well distinguished from today's cities. This difference, which is itself influenced by economic, political, cultural and social conditions, has had more or less changes in the structure of cities, can represent two types of city growth. Organic growth is a continuous and clear growth that made the form subservient to its function, and in contrast to that, the dark and discrete form of the global cities of the modern era. This project has tried to answer the question of whether it is possible to use the characteristics and the way of formation of ancient cities in today's world by studying the shape of the city throughout the past history until today. Or at least, is it possible to achieve a favorable result from the integration of some characteristics of these cities with today's cities? Based on this, in this project, the form of cities from the past to the present during three historical periods before Islam, after Islam and the modern era, and on the other hand, limiting the issue to the way of establishing government centers in the central desert of Iran using the comparative method- Induction has been discussed according to the assumptions of the research. The results showed that the first and second hypotheses have worked more effectively in more unsuccessful experiments, and on the other hand, the third hypothesis has worked more colorfully in more successful experiments, and on the other hand, since the degree of realization of the third hypothesis in the experiment Kerman's success rate is 0.100 and in unsuccessful experiences it is 0. Perhaps this hypothesis can be considered as a relatively superior and preferable hypothesis to check the success rate of related projects.