In this study, the actions and interactions between the city and the border were studied and explained. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method in library and field method. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The statistical population consists of one percent of the population of border towns of Zahedan, Mirjaveh, Dost Mohammad, Khash and Saravan(N=8092). Using Cochran formula, 367 people were selected as the sample. Data were analyzed using Structured Analytical Model (SOWT-ANP). Findings and results showed.the most important effective factor on city-boundary relations is social factors with a mean of 3.55 and among weaknesses, Most affected were social weaknesses with a mean of 3.63 and among the opportunities examined, economic and managerial factors with a mean of 3.53 and Finally, they have the most impact on all types of threats, injuries and social threats with an average of 3.75. Also, the use of the method(F.ANP)in this study showed that the highest weight related to the threat factor was "management", which gained 7.9% of the final weight and took the first place. "Establishing economic, political and environmental security to deal with crises, attacks and ... (ST2)" is the most desirable strategy of deciding on the issue of zero value. And the strategy of "non-cooperation and interruption of cross-border relations with neighbors (WT1)" has been identified by experts as the worst strategy in this regard. Therefore, it can be said that among the factors (SWOT) "threats and challenges" in security and management dimensions is the most influential factor And the real gap between the "opportunities" is the key to improving the relationships between cities and territories. Also, from the standpoint of sustainable development management (institutional and structural) factors with the highest degree of importance and social, economic and environmental factors are ranked next.

the purpose of the present study is to examine the effective factors in the institutional challenges of citizen participation in sustainable urban regeneration in Tabriz city. The present research is developmental-applied regarding the purpose and methodologically hybrid which uses both qualitative and quantitative methods. The study population was selected for interviewing among managers and experts from organizations related to the subject of research. To analyze the quantitative findings, the spss22 software and the NVivo10 software were used to analyze the field interviews. The results of this study indicate that Tabriz city faces significant institutional challenges in the area of sustainable urban regeneration, though it is possible to increase the participation of citizens in urban regeneration projects, and take a step towards meeting these challenges through utilizing institutional components of effective citizen participation in urban regeneration, changing the view of authorities towards capacity and the capabilities of NGOs, the establishment and development of NGOs in relation to urban renewal and regeneration and the removal of legal barriers associated with NGOs can.

The main goal of sustainable development in the village are use to social, economic and environmental resources and capacities. Awareness for sustainable development is a subject that has been less discussed. Accordingly, rural assets and funds can be the basis for achieving the goals of sustainable rural development. The purpose of this paper is to measure awareness for sustainable development in rural construction in Guilan province. This research is developmental and surveying. In this study, which was done by the architects of Guilan Construction Engineering Organization, the data collection method was used to answer the research questions, using both documentary (secondary data) and survey (primary data) and Questionnaire with Likert spectrum. Using Cronbach's alpha formula in SPSS software, the reliability of different parts of the research questionnaire was 0.802 to 0.816.

 the development of sustainable urban development depends on providing relative prosperity, citizen participation and increasing social awareness for all members of society. The purpose of this paper is to measure social capital indices and its relationship with sustainable urban development in urban areas of Ahwaz. The present study is a descriptive-correlational one from a methodological point of view. From a single point of view, it is based on structural equations which has been done in Ahwaz in 2018. In this regard, library studies have been used to explain the literature and theoretical foundations and field method has been used to study the case study. Data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. Structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the descriptive-inferential statistics data and SPSS and Amos software were used. The statistical population of the study was 384 citizens of Ahwaz city and the sampling method was random. The results of this paper showed that social capital and Sustainable Urban Development status are different between Ahwaz city areas. In other words, high social capital among the citizens of Ahwaz is a means of enhancing the sustainable urban development and structural dimensions of the city including economy, community, institutions, space and environment. The implications of this research for the strong link between social capital and sustainable urban development, the need to pay attention to the components of social capital and to adopt policies to maintain, enhance and enhance social capital to ensure sustainable urban development in the geographical area of ​​Ahvaz. It looks great.

The innate sense of interaction with the region is a sign of environmental sensitivity, which is very vital in the 21st century. Today, it is inevitable that regionalism should be included in a larger discourse of architecture, and that the debate over the role of the use of regional green architecture as a factor in cultural identity and sense of place should be promoted. The present study argues that regionalist architecture has entered a new phase of its evolutionary process, which is sustainable regionalism. In this view, regions must be defined in terms of their unique resources and specific constraints. Instead of being influenced by globalization, regions must follow a complex interdependence in a global and regional interaction system that is physical, social, cultural, and most importantly ecological. Therefore, using the method of qualitative content analysis based on the logic of inductive reasoning, from the textual data and architectural experiences mentioned in the research, move and by extracting the hidden concepts in it, gradually reach more abstract levels of sustainable regionalism. We will find. In addition, using the latest works of architecture selected by international institutions and awards and competitions, we are developing examples of sustainable regionalism. Achieving a model or theoretical framework that demonstrates latent disciplines and repetitive patterns in regionalist architecture and sustainable architecture can be the culmination of research.

Among the dimensions of sustainable development, social sustainability is recognized as one of the main dimensions that is most in line with the dimensions of people's lives. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate and evaluate the indicators of social sustainability derived from the global goals of sustainable development (SDGs) in people's lives and its feedback in the geographical architecture of Gilan region. The method of evaluating the rank of the options of this research is Vikor technique and the research method is descriptive-survey and the statistical population studied in this research is the members of 6 groups related to the research subject including: villages of 16 cities of Gilan province Local architects, the Gilan General Directorate of Housing and Natural Resources and Forestry, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) love the environment, among which the selection of a sample community was made possible by non-probable sampling. Findings show that "social justice" with the highest value of sustainability indicators (0.083) has the highest priority and "social progress and welfare" with (0.034) have the lowest priority and among 6 The social stability index, the two indicators of correlation and responsible consumption, and the average production have been evaluated and are of no importance to the groups related to the architecture of the Guilan region.

Irregular and unstable urban development has increased marginalization, destruction of urban green areas and increased demand for urban land, which in itself has led to the disappearance of urban green spaces and land use change of such lands and is possible. Cause certain global environmental problems such as the formation of urban heat islands, because urban green space is one of the important models in achieving sustainability in urban space and the physical and natural fit of the city. At the same time, the protection of the environment and urban green space is the main pillar of sustainable development, which has been discussed in developed countries for decades and in recent years has been highly regarded by planners in developing countries. The present study, in terms of Weberchr('39')s applied and developmental purpose, is a descriptive-analytical descriptive survey or field study in which the researcher-made questionnaire tool is used and the existing maps of urban green space are used. The purpose of this study is to explain the role of green space in coastal cities in attracting tourists with the approach of sustainable environmental development in the coastal city of Noor, but in addition to the main purpose of the sub-objectives, the researcher The results also increase the per capita urban green space, increase the number of urban tourists, prevent environmental damage and increase the income of the citizens of the coastal city of Noor.

Social sustainability today, as the most important dimension of sustainable development, has an important place in urban planning and its importance in planning is constantly increasing with the increase of social problems and divergence between neighborhoods in terms of performance and participation. Therefore, this requires more research in urban studies. This study was conducted to investigate the role of social participation in the development of social sustainability in neighborhoods. For this purpose, the significance of the significant effect of these two variables has been measured. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Data collection was library and field method. The statistical population of the study consists of a group of experts who were selected by the available method of 20 people as the sample size of the study. Data collection tool is a questionnaire based on theoretical foundations and studies conducted on a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was performed using structural equations with the help of Emus software. The results showed that the social participation of citizens in neighborhoods with a coefficient (beta) of 0.732 has a positive effect on sustainable social development of these neighborhoods and the relationship between these two variables is significant. In other words, sustainable social development will be strengthened by strengthening social participation. And the variables of sense of belonging, satisfaction with the neighborhood, participation in neighborhood activities and trust also have a positive effect on the variables of social participation in neighborhoods.

Housing design plays a crucial role in sustainable social development as cities face numerous challenges due to various changes in the physical landscape. Therefore, it is imperative to establish appropriate design indicators for residential towers. This study aims to investigate the design indicators for sustainable social development in residential towers in the metropolis of Tehran. The research method employed is descriptive-analytical and applied in nature. The statistical population for this study consists of architectural experts who are members of the Tehran Organization. According to the Engineering System Organization, the statistical population comprises 22,000 experts and members of the Tehran Engineering System Organization. The sample size was determined to be 384 individuals based on the Morgan table. The results of the Friedman test indicate that designing open spaces for art, culture, games, and entertainment in towers promotes interactions and a sense of belonging, while mitigating the negative effects of industrial life on residents. This aspect was found to have the highest weightage of 17.81. Additionally, the flexibility in tower design and overcoming structural constraints through solutions such as strip design and atrium design, along with facilitating proper access and installation of open spaces, contribute to sustainable development and enhance residents' satisfaction. This indicator obtained a weightage of 17.51. Furthermore, the effective management of towers and the design of suitable social spaces on roofs and ground floors (interactive, sports, cultural, and artistic) have a significant impact on reducing tower-related issues and promoting vitality and public participation. This indicator ranked third with a weightage of 17.42. Consequently, sustainable social development is closely linked to the design of residential towers.

Industrialization and modernization have had a significant impact on various aspects of society including architecture, urban planning, environment, climate, and geography. This impact is evident in phenomena such as the construction of high rise buildings, climate inversion, and environmental degradation. Many of the problems observed in recent decades can be attributed to population growth, migration, and changing needs of citizens. As a result, city managers and architects face significant challenges. The main objective of this article is to conduct a theoretical study on the use of residential towers, with a particular focus on sustainable social development and its implications for environmental protection in Tehran. This research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and has both applied and theoretical purposes. It is also part of a survey that employs both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The sample size for this study was 384 participants, and data were collected using questionnaires. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The most significant finding of this research is that population growth has fueled the construction of tall buildings, which in turn has contributed to issues such as excessive consumption of natural resources and fossil fuels, destruction of natural habitats, decline in social interactions, climate change, increased traffic congestion, and heightened air pollution. These issues have become a complex and seemingly insurmountable crisis.