Showing 235 results for Co
Mr Danesh Nasiri, Dr Reza Borna, Dr Manijeh Zohourian Pordel,
Volume 24, Issue 72 (3-2024)
Abstract
Knowledge of supernatural microphysical properties and revealing its relationship with the spatial temporal distribution of precipitation can significantly increase the accuracy of precipitation predictions. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the Cloud microphysical structure and the distribution of precipitation in Khuzestan province. In this regard, first 3 inclusive rainfall events in Khuzestan province were selected and their 24-hour cumulative rainfall values were obtained. The rainfall event of 17December2006, was selected as a sample of heavy rainfall, 25 March 2019, as a medium rainfall case, and finally 27 October 2018, as a light rainfall case. Microphysical factors of clouds producing these precipitations were obtained from MODIS (MOD06) cloud product. These factors included temperature, pressure, and cloud top height, optical thickness, and cloud fraction. Finally, by generating a matrix with 64000 information codes, and performing spatial correlation analysis at a confidence level of 0.95, the relationship between the Cloud microphysical structure and the spatial values and distribution of selected precipitates was revealed. The results showed that in the case study of heavy and medium rainfall, the spatial average of 24-hour cumulative rainfall in the province was 36 and 12 mm, respectively. A fully developed cloud structure with a cloud ratio of more than 75% and a vertical expansion of 6 to 9 thousand meters, with an optical thickness of 40 to 50, has led to the occurrence of these widespread and significant rainfall in the province. While in the case of light rain, a significant discontinuation was seen in the horizontal expansion of the cloud cover in the province and the cloud cover percentage was less than 10%. In addition, the factors related to the vertical expansion of the cloud were much lower, so that the height of the cloud peak in this rainfall was between 3 to 5 thousand meters. The results of this study showed that in heavy and medium rainfall cases, a significant spatial correlation was observed at a confidence level of 0.95 between MOD06 Cloud microphysical factors and recorded precipitation values, while no significant spatial correlation was observed in light rainfall case.
D.r Ali Akbar Anabestani, D.r Mehrshad Toulabi Nejad,
Volume 24, Issue 72 (3-2024)
Abstract
Rural indigenous entrepreneurship is one of the youngest research areas to show that in Iran, one of the largest countries in Asia and has rich cultural heritage and indigenous communities, the issue of native rural entrepreneurship has not been addressed so far. Therefore, the present article, as an analytical assessment and with a variety of approaches based on richness and conceptual diversity in the fields of social sciences, economic, planning and rural development, uses a systematic approach, while introducing entrepreneurship while introducing entrepreneurship. Rural native to introduce native rural entrepreneurship to the context of future research in the country. This article contributes to a comprehensive understanding of native entrepreneurship research by analyzing literature and research lines. In this regard, the present article, which is intended for the purpose and information provided by the documentary method, sought to answer the questions about what elements of the difference between native rural entrepreneurship and classical entrepreneurship? What are the unique goals and characteristics of rural native entrepreneurship? And what are the (model) pattern for the development of native rural entrepreneurship in Iran? The results of the study indicate that indigenous entrepreneurship is different from classical/ Western entrepreneurship, and emphasizes elements such as the use of indigenous resources, indigenous cultural values, collective interest, family relationships and family/ family ties. The results showed that rural native entrepreneurship is not necessarily in response to market needs and is mostly aimed at providing family livelihoods, environmental protection, cultural and spiritual value. Unlike Western-style entrepreneurship, rural native entrepreneurship shows elements of equality-equality, collective/kinship activity, and emphasis on available cultural values and natural resources. Rural indigenous entrepreneurship is often carried out with intra -household livelihoods and mostly with non -economic goals such as preserving livelihoods, preserving indigenous culture, protecting the environment and spiritual goals.
Sara Sadeghizadeh Ghavi Fekr, Dr Asghar Tahmasebi, Dr Farhad Azizpour,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Population growth and the need for economic and social services have accelerated the demands for land and its manipulations over the recent decades. The contribution of policies and interventions of different stakeholders in land change is not adequately addressed in previous studies. This research, therefore, aims to examine the role of key stakeholders, and their policies in land-use change in the study area. In doing so a total number of 20 interviews with senior experts and informants from 13 local organizations were conducted to collect qualitative data on the form, process and cause of land-use change in the area. Atlasti software was used to analysis the interviews' data. Furthermore, Social Networks Analysis (SNA) and questionnaires were used to map the trust among the stakeholders and also the role of their policies and program on land-use changes from the perspective of other stakeholders. The results show that the policies and interventions of the municipality are playing the most significant role in land-use change via disregarding and violations of roles and related for individual illegal benefits. Additionally, departments of agriculture, rural councils are among the most trusted agents in land use governance and management. Furthermore, water shortage was the most important reason pointed out by the many interviewees for conversion of farmlands to other uses. A part from water shortage, some other reasons such as: lack of governmental support for farming, strict official constraints and difficulties in providing amenities for gardens, expensive agricultural inputs, land price increase, immigration, corruptions in local organization are identified as drivers of rural land-use change.
Keywords: Key words: Land use change, stakeholders, governance, Social Networks Analysis, Shariyar County.
Dr. Mohsen Aghayari Hir, Dr. Hossein Karimzadeh, Mrs. Nahid Rahimzadeh,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Access, plays an important role in rural development as there is a meaningful relationship between rural development and access to infrastructure services. Villages that have less access to essential services, especially transport, faced with a lot of structural and socio-economic constraints, which are obstacles to sustainable rural development. The present study seeks to examine the accessibility and the factors affecting it. Accordingly, it is considered with descriptive-analytic research method. The statistical population of the study, consisted of villages in the central District of Tabriz County (52 villages) that there needed data were gathered from rural municipals. After validity and reliability of the research, in order to evaluate accessibility, we used the Dematel technique and ANP, then to assess the role of different elements in accessibility of rural areas, we used SEM in Amos software. Initial results of Rural Accessibility Survey showed that the Mayan Sefli village had the highest accessibility and the final result of the research are determining the role of factors in rural accessibility based on factors such as distance from the city, service centers and social status of the village are more effective than other factors in accessibility.
Key words: accessibility, rural services, analytical network process, structural equation modeling, Tabriz County.
Abolfazl Ghanbari,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
The Islamic City Councils as an important element of the urban management system as an institution, policymaker, decision maker, and legislator at the local level, have to be fully operational in order to fulfill their role of policymaking and oversight over all matters to be able to carry out policy and oversight tasks in all areas of the city and local organizations concerned. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of city council performance in improving the process of sustainable urban management and development from the perspective of citizens in Tabriz metropolis. This study is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method and document studies and field surveys were used to collect data. The statistical population of the study is all citizens and residents over 18 years of Tabriz metropolis. According to the 2015 census, this city had a population of 1558693 people and 497898 households. Cochran formula was used to determine the number of samples from 327 subjects were selected. The data for the analysis of quantitative methods, descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, regression and path analysis) were used. The results showed that the average index of the performance of Islamic councils is 2.76 and its T-statistic is -6.59, which shows the unfavorable performance of the city council and the performance of the Islamic Council of this city in district 9 (with an average of 248.80). district 8 (with an average of 239.38) and district 2 (with an average of 204.33) have been evaluated favorably compared to other regions. Also, the average of all indicators of empowerment of Islamic city councils in the field of empowerment of Islamic councils is lower than numerical utility 3 and their t-statistic is negatively estimated. Finally, the performance of the Islamic councils in the economic dimension (employment, income and investment) has had the greatest effect with an overall effect of 0.608 and the least effect in the physical dimension with an overall effect of 0.210 in the realization of sustainable development.
Keywords: City Council Performance, Urban Management, Sustainable Urban Development, Tabriz Metropolis.
Ms Shima Abedi, Dr Toktam Hanaee, Dr Zahra Bagherzade Golmakani,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
The importance of studying development in the field of child psychology is crystallized. On the other hand, cognitive development is a source of awareness in the field of children's development and has a double effect on the process of wayfinding children. Paying attention to this in urban spaces can make it easier for children to successfully wayfinding. The purpose of this study is to develop factors affecting the ease of wayfinding children in urban spaces with emphasis on cognitive abilities. The research method is applied in the present study. In this regard, in order to collect data, field observations, questionnaires and site visits have been used. The sampling method is random using Cochran's formula and the questionnaire was completed by 106 children in the age range of 10-12 years and 106 children in the age range of 12-14 years. Data analysis to analyze the routing pattern of children affected by cognitive development in Lashgar neighborhood has been calculated quantitatively by factor analysis using LISREL software. In data analysis to evaluate the relationship between wayfinding and cognitive development after data collection, the data were analyzed by statistical methods of Ti-dependent test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov hypothesis test. Based on the analysis of cognitive abilities in the navigation process of children, the results indicate that the elements of the guide and used in navigation are different in two age groups, and the age group of 12-14 years has an analytical mind, and in contrast to the group of 10-12 years, it is searching and Paying attention to secrecy determines the path. Children in the second age range mostly mentioned the color of the facades, the shape of the building and the buildings that have a distinctive form and function, also the children in the first age range pointed to the distinctive signs that have a distinct body compared to other buildings in the neighborhood.
Keywords: Cognitive development, child, wayfinding, Lashgar neighborhood.
Dr Esmaiel Najafi, Dr Amir Safari, Dr Ezatoalah Ghavavati, Dr Amir Karam,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Geomorphology is related to the processes and forms of the earth's surface, and any human activity, including the construction of bridges, leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in the movement and displacement of materials and kinetic energy and affects the geomorphic system, is the concern and involvement of geomorphologists. Geomorphology, as a systematic science can also study and explain the environmental realities that have been objectified in the form of processes and forms in nature, and introduce their results and output spatially in the form of maps and models. The type of research is applied and the research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the results of the Ph.D. Thesis entitled "Geomorphological modeling of the construction of bridges in urban floodways (Case study: Tehran metropolis)". The results indicate the capability and application of geomorphology in modeling and optimal location and construction of bridges, in order to create more security and welfare of citizens, reduce costs and prevent financial and human losses due to the destruction and improper location of such structures in an urban floodway- river valleys and other natural environments. Also, this study, while enriching the literature of the field in question, has studied, explained, and conceptually modeled the role and application of geomorphology in the optimal location and construction of bridges in urban issues.
Keywords: Geomorphology, Conceptual Model, urban floodway- river valleys, Bridge Construction.
Miss Elham Zare, Mr Akbar Abdollahzadeh Taraf,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Today, attention to the tourism of historical contexts has been recognized as very important in order to promote socio-economic progress and to recognize the historical values and cultural identity of each region. Therefore, this study was written with the aim of identifying the causal pattern of tourism promotion criteria in the historical context of Tabriz. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts in the field of research, 15 of whom were selected through targeted sampling. The collection of required information in this research has been done using library and field methods and Fuzzy DEMATEL method has been used to analyze the research data. The results of this study showed that among the identified criteria, the primary element criterion was identified as the most effective criterion and also as the most important criterion for promoting tourism in the historical context of Tabriz. Other results of this study include the causal model of each of the sub-criteria, among the sub-criteria of primary elements, historical criterion, among the sub-criteria related to secondary elements, accommodation facilities, and among the sub-criteria of favorable tourism space. They were identified as the most influential sub-criteria.
Keywords: Tourism, Historical context, Fuzzy DEMATEL method, Tabriz.
Maryam Sanatgar Kakhaki, -Manouchehr Foroutan, Mohammad Mehdi Soroush, Sara Jalalian,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Vitality is one of the main components in design, but it is a complex and multifaceted concept that overlaps in its physical, social and economic dimensions. Therefore, in this paper, according to the theoretical vacuum of this concept in architecture and considering its interdisciplinary nature, using the model of various types of communication and types of vitality, the fields of psychology and sociology were selected for comparative study of vitality. Then, by using the comparative method by juxtaposing the differences and similarities of vitality in the field of psychology and sociology with definitions in architecture and urban planning, as well as examining the difference between vitality and other similar concepts in architecture and urban planning, including quality. Life, viability, and sustainability were ultimately represented by the definition of vitality and the model of environmental vitality. Therefore, the present study was performed with interpretive paradigm, qualitative approach, comparative method and logic of deductive reasoning, which is explained in terms of theoretical purpose and type of results. The purpose of this study is to answer questions about the definition of environmental vitality, the appropriate approach to research on vitality, the appropriate scale of vitality research, the factors affecting environmental vitality and its evaluation methods.
Key word: Happiness, social vitality, comparative study, environmental vitality
The results of this study show that environmental vitality is a relative concept of place and time that cannot be specifically defined for the vitality of all places in all countries and in all time periods, but rather Factors must be identified locally according to location. Factors affecting environmental vitality in general include experimental and aesthetic, functional and environmental components. The impact of each factor varies according to the culture and local characteristics of the place, which is due to the collectivist culture. And the place of collective happiness in our country, paying attention to the factors of vitality that increase the social aspects of space, attracting and involving people, can be a way forward.
Hassan Azizi Bohloli, Mahmoud Reza Anvari, Masoumeh Hafez Rezazadeh,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
Rural management has always undergone various changes. Today, this pillar is the responsibility of the rural municipality Foundation. The purpose of forming this institution is to have a strong executive force in order to develop rural areas. rural municipality, as the executor of village programs and projects, has an important role in reducing urban and rural inequalities and improving the development of the village. Determining the degree of success of rural municipality in performing tasks is possible when its performance is carefully measured. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of rural municipality Foundation in terms of economic, social and environmental indicators in rural areas of Sarbisheh. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on data collection in the field through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of heads of households (1931 households) in 30 villages with rural areas. The sample size at the level of heads of households was calculated using the Cochran's formula of 320 people. The result of one-sample t-test showed that the best performance of rural areas is significantly less than 0.05 in terms of social indicators with an average of 3.78. Also, a significant difference was observed between the studied villages in the field of social indicators with a significant level (0.008), economic indicators with a significant level equal to (0.004) and environmental-physical indicators with a significant level (0.047). In terms of social performance, Dehneh Chah village with an average of 4.43, in terms of economic and environmental performance, Baghestan village with an average of 3.90 and 4.16 are in first place. The study of paired t-test with a significance level of less than 0.05 and an average difference of (-1.271) indicates that the situation of rural development indicators has become more appropriate after the establishment of the rural municipality Foundation.
Keywords: Dehyariha performance, economic, social and environmental indicators, rural areas, Sarbisheh.
Zoleikha Khezerluei Mohammadyar, , Bohloul Alijani,
Volume 24, Issue 73 (6-2024)
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to analyze the frequency and severity of the one to six days of rainfall in Iran. The trend of frequency changes and severity of each course was identified using my-candle test and the slope estimator during the 1968-1988 period. Then, using the main component analysis method and cluster analysis method, the entire stations were categorized in five clusters (abundance) and four (intensity) based on the annual changes of frequency indicators and intensity of precipitation. Cluster 1 and 2 stations represent the frequency of precipitation periods with a severe or without trend. The two clusters were mostly established in the southern half of Iran. Cluster 4 and 5 stations represent the frequency of precipitation periods with a positive (mild) trend, mainly in the northern part of the country. Cluster 3 stations represent the frequency of precipitation periods with decreased (mild) trends, which are mostly focused on west and southwestern Iran. The clustering results of the stations based on the intensity index of precipitation periods, contrary to many results; do not show a specific pattern. But in the cluster, there has been a severe decrease in the last half century. The stations of this cluster are mostly concentrated in the northern parts of the country. Other clusters are scattered in almost all parts of the country. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the frequency of precipitation periods in the northern latitudes of incremental processes (average or weak) and the severity of precipitation periods in these latitudes (north of the country) had severe declining trends.
Keywords: Frequency of precipitation, intensity of precipitation, analysis of main components, clustering, process.
Mehrdad Mohamadpour Shatery, Hoshang Taghizadeh, Sahar Khoshfetrat,
Volume 24, Issue 74 (9-2024)
Abstract
The phenomenon of poverty is a social, economic, cultural, and political reality that has long been one of the greatest human problems. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting poverty and examine the internal relations and its leveling with an interpretive structural approach in the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Tabriz. In this regard, based on the factors extracted from literature, a questionnaire has been developed. In this phase, 41 indicators have been selected as the most important indicators affecting poverty at Imam Khomeini Relief Committee of Tabriz city. After obtaining appropriate validity and reliability for the questionnaire, it has been distributed among the statistical sample. After distributing the questionnaire, factor analysis was used to analyze the information and reduce the variables to dimensions. The results of factor analysis showed that about 68.3% of the total variance of variables was explained by 14 factors and about 31.7% of the variance was explained by other variables that were not measured. As a result, 14 factors have been identified as the most important factors affecting poverty. These 14 factors are important in order of importance: 1- Economic; 2- Social; 3- Individual; 4- Legal; 5- Family; 6; Environment; 7; Political; 8; Management; 9; Cultural; 10- Overseas; 11. Security; 12. Scientific; 13. Organizational; 14. Geographical. Finally, the interrelationships between factors and the leveling of poverty-related factors have been examined by presenting an extended structural-comparative model (ISM).
- Valiollah Ghasemi Gilvaei, - Afshin Ghorbani Param,
Volume 24, Issue 74 (9-2024)
Abstract
Housing design plays a crucial role in sustainable social development as cities face numerous challenges due to various changes in the physical landscape. Therefore, it is imperative to establish appropriate design indicators for residential towers. This study aims to investigate the design indicators for sustainable social development in residential towers in the metropolis of Tehran. The research method employed is descriptive-analytical and applied in nature. The statistical population for this study consists of architectural experts who are members of the Tehran Organization. According to the Engineering System Organization, the statistical population comprises 22,000 experts and members of the Tehran Engineering System Organization. The sample size was determined to be 384 individuals based on the Morgan table. The results of the Friedman test indicate that designing open spaces for art, culture, games, and entertainment in towers promotes interactions and a sense of belonging, while mitigating the negative effects of industrial life on residents. This aspect was found to have the highest weightage of 17.81. Additionally, the flexibility in tower design and overcoming structural constraints through solutions such as strip design and atrium design, along with facilitating proper access and installation of open spaces, contribute to sustainable development and enhance residents' satisfaction. This indicator obtained a weightage of 17.51. Furthermore, the effective management of towers and the design of suitable social spaces on roofs and ground floors (interactive, sports, cultural, and artistic) have a significant impact on reducing tower-related issues and promoting vitality and public participation. This indicator ranked third with a weightage of 17.42. Consequently, sustainable social development is closely linked to the design of residential towers.
Ehsan Lashgari Tafreshi,
Volume 24, Issue 75 (12-2024)
Abstract
In the classical view, the political dimension study of space has always been considered as the political geography ontological basic. Gradually from the 1980s with the development of post-positivist perspectives on human geography; Politics affected all social spheres from government and political parties to gender and considered the smallest power relations associated with the political concept. The political issue has rejected the organization of space on the basis of formal logic and has introduced new forms of epistemological reconstruction in the study of the relationship between politics and space. In this article, has been attempted to explain the political epistemological consequences in the study of relationship between politics and space. Research findings indicate that political dimension of space study is needed epistemic relativism in context of the political. In this regard, intersubjective cognition has a special dependence on the historical evolution of space and therefore requires to power factor genealogy. This spatial genealogy is always linked to the conflict that exists in human societies and forms the possibility of space antagonistic cognition. In this regard, the social meaning of geographical space; considered as place of conflict and resistance of marginalized groups and hegemonic forces in society Which reach a kind of adaptive balance within a certain time. This process is caused, the epistemological model adaptation of cultural geography and political geography with each other.
Hossein Sharifi, Mehrdad Ramezanipour, Leila Ebrahimi,
Volume 24, Issue 75 (12-2024)
Abstract
Today, human settlements around the world are exposed to natural hazards for a variety of reasons. These risks, which bring with them a lot of human and financial losses, require preventive measures. The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of urban space in order to deal with environmental hazards in Noor city. The method of this research is also descriptive. Data collection is using library and documentary studies and questionnaires. In order to analyze the questionnaires using ANP method and fuzzy logic method, evaluate each of the criteria and determine their importance coefficients. Based on the results, spatial assessment was performed using ArcGis software and hazard zones were identified. According to the results of risk potential zoning, the northern and southern areas of the city have the highest risk potential. To predict the development of residential areas, the combined Markov chain model and cellular automation were used. The results showed that the continuous expansion of built areas in recent decades has caused rapid changes in land use and the built areas of the city has increased from 2.43% of the total area in 2010 to 3.68% in 2019. The results also showed that regardless of the natural hazards, the built-up areas will increase and as a result of urbanization, the built-up areas will be more prone to high-risk lands. However, if sustainable development policies are fully implemented, cities and built-up areas will be able to maintain their development spaces from high-risk areas for the benefit of the city and its residents.
Farzad Karami, Hamid Barghi, Yousof Ghanbari,
Volume 24, Issue 75 (12-2024)
Abstract
Good governance, having the most important principles and criteria for public participation, accountability, accountability, centralism, transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, justice and equality, consensus and legitimacy is one of the new management approaches and new approaches to development and poverty reduction, especially poverty. This study aimed was to conduct a comparative analysis of the goog governance model in rural areas with an emphasis on the villages of the central part of Poldakhtar and Mosian section of Dehloran. The statistical population of the study, according to Cochran's formula, is 284 heads of households living in the villages of the two central parts and Mosian. Inferential data analysis was performed using t-test, and the sample villages were ranked in terms of rural governance status using The Topsis method. The results obtained from The Topsis method show that the governance situation in Mosian section of Dehloran Township is better than the central part of Poldakhtar Township, and the one sample t-test showed that the average of all components of rural good governance is above average and their significance level is an amount less than 0.05. The results of Levin test also show that there is a significant difference between the two central parts and Mosian regarding governance and its components, apart from responsibility (±1/96). Furthermore, In Mosian section, the average components (participation, accountability, and transparency) were higher than the central part of Poldakhtar Township and in the components (legality, collective agreement, justice, efficiency, and effectiveness) were less than the central part of Poldakhtar Township.
Mrs Zeinab Karimi, Sir Davood Mokhtari,
Volume 24, Issue 75 (12-2024)
Abstract
Rivers are environmental forms that react strongly to changes in their bed, tectonic is the most important factor affecting morphology of the river, causing significant changes in river systems. In this study, using the digital elevation model (DEM), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global mapper 13, we investigated the effect of tectonic activity on river systems in the eastern slopes of Mullah Daghi, southeast of Zanjan province, this The area is drained by Abhar river. Using the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in the Arc Gis 10.2 software environment, required maps including geological maps, topography and…, Geological map of 1: 250,000 leaves of Zanjan was used to prepare the fault map. In order to achieve the research objectives, tectonic activity indicators including: are Mountain front sinuosity, basin shape, drainage density, longitudinal gradient of the river, River maze, basin asymmetry, hypersometric integral, the topographic symmetry of the basin and the width of the valley floor to the height. The combination of these indicators is achieved by the tectonic activity index (IAT). The results obtained through the Iat index indicate the activation of tectonic and neotectonic in the watershed of Ardejin and Abhar and the moderate activities in the basin of the zareh bash basin. The impacts of these activities on river systems that are different from the tectonic indexes in the studied basins, such as river meanders(main stream), coniferous formation (Ardejin watershed basin), tilt watersheds abhar and Ardejin and the shape of the basins (Basin elongation zareh bash)
Hamed Heidari, Darush Yarahmadi, Hamid Mirhashemi,
Volume 24, Issue 75 (12-2024)
Abstract
Human interventions in natural areas as a change in land use have led to a domino effect of anomalies and then environmental hazards. These extensive and cumulative changes in land cover and land use have manifested themselves in the form of anomalies such as the formation of severe runoff, soil erosion, the spread of desertification, and salinization of the soil. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the temperature inductions of the land cover structure of Lorestan province and to analyze the effect of land use changes on the temperature structure of the province. In this regard, the data of land cover classes of MCD12Q2 composite product and ground temperature of MOD11A2 product of MODIS sensor were used. Also, in order to detect the temperature inductions of each land cover during the hot and cold seasons, cross-analysis matrix (CTM) technique was used. The results showed that in general in Lorestan province 5 cover classes including: forest lands, pastures, agricultural lands, constructed lands and barren lands could be detected. The results of cross-matrix analysis showed that in hot and cold seasons, forest cover (IGBP code 5) with a temperature of 48 ° C and urban and residential land cover (IGBP code 13) with a temperature of 16 ° C as the hottest land use, respectively. They count. In addition, it was observed that the thermal inductions of land cover in the warm season are minimized and there is no significant difference between the temperature structure of land cover classes; But in the cold season, the thermal impulses of land cover are more pronounced. The results of analysis of variance test showed that in the cold period of the year, unlike the warm period of the year, different land cover classes; Significantly (Sig = 0.026) has created different thermal impressions in the province. Scheffe's post hoc analysis indicated that this was the difference between rangeland cover classes and billet up cover.
Mr Syrous Ahmadi Nohdani, Mr Aziz Nasirzade, Miss Reyhane Salehabadi,
Volume 25, Issue 76 (3-2025)
Abstract
When empires and great nations decline, there are many interrelated reasons involved in. Empires are considered to be powerful entities in the world, and via historical surveys, one can identify several important empires that have existed in different eras. Geopolitical knowledge and its constituent concepts (power, politics, and space) are closely associated with empires and can be explored from this perspective. The aim of this research is to conduct a geopolitical investigation of the collapse of empires. The research deal with the geopolitical factors contributing to the collapse of empires such as Persia, Rome, Byzantium, Ottoman, Britain, Russia, Spain, and Arab countries, using a descriptive-analytical method and field research. The statistical population consists of 50 specialists and experts in the field of geopolitical studies. The Dimtel method has been utilized to test the conceptual model of the research. The findings demonstrate that variables such as the incompetence and capriciousness of rulers, the collapse of the domestic economy, the extravagance and corruption of the governing class, oppression and slavery, and internal rebellions have a high level of interaction and a strong systemic connection with other variables. In other words, when a country faces these challenges in terms of its leadership and governance, it becomes unable to effectively address other problems caused by these factors, leading to a crisis and the eventual collapse of the empire.
Valiollah Ghasemi, Afshin Ghorbani Param,
Volume 25, Issue 76 (3-2025)
Abstract
Industrialization and modernization have had a significant impact on various aspects of society including architecture, urban planning, environment, climate, and geography. This impact is evident in phenomena such as the construction of high rise buildings, climate inversion, and environmental degradation. Many of the problems observed in recent decades can be attributed to population growth, migration, and changing needs of citizens. As a result, city managers and architects face significant challenges. The main objective of this article is to conduct a theoretical study on the use of residential towers, with a particular focus on sustainable social development and its implications for environmental protection in Tehran. This research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and has both applied and theoretical purposes. It is also part of a survey that employs both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The sample size for this study was 384 participants, and data were collected using questionnaires. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The most significant finding of this research is that population growth has fueled the construction of tall buildings, which in turn has contributed to issues such as excessive consumption of natural resources and fossil fuels, destruction of natural habitats, decline in social interactions, climate change, increased traffic congestion, and heightened air pollution. These issues have become a complex and seemingly insurmountable crisis.
