Showing 235 results for Co
Abed Golkarami, , Afshin Motaghi, Hossien Rabiee,
Volume 18, Issue 49 (3-2018)
Abstract
Knowing Country and understanding the capacity of its perimeter and international environment are essential components of the economy that the foreign policy of any country should be on the basis of territorial and social. The country relies on its geopolitical foundations that they are influenced by its geographical location can affect codification foreign policy in the international economy. Hence, this paper with an analytical -descriptive method to survey the geopolitical and geographical foundations of Islamic Republic of Iran's economy. This paper show that Economy of Islamic Republic Iran away with its Geopolitical foundations and to achieve an effective economic on the closed surrounding and international environment, review in Geopolitical foundations of foreign policy that is mentioned in the form of five components are necessary and is inevitable. Hence, Islamic Republic of Iran to pursue these foundations in foreign policy strategy, not only effects will be in terms of political and cultural on international environment but also in terms geo-economic impact on international political economy.
Tayebeh Dehghani, Mohammad Saligheh, Bohloul Alijani,
Volume 18, Issue 49 (3-2018)
Abstract
In order to detect climate change, a variety of climate indicators can be used which is often considered temperature and precipitation. In order to investigate the effect of climate change on the amount of precipitation in the north coast of the Persian Gulf, it simulated the precipitable water for 2017-2050 based on the RCP4.5 model of the Hadcm3 model. The NCEP / NCAR base-station data with an arc-value of 0.125 was used to analyze the past and present precipitable water patterns and to reveal the process of this time series. Time series analysis of precipitable water was performed using two SENS tilt estimators and Man-Kendall test. The results indicated that the annual time series of rain water was increasing in the region, every year, 0.05 mm, the precipitated water increased and it tended to become more homogeneous, this increase in the significance level of 0.95. The precipitation rate in the eastern part of the region was higher than other areas. Before 1989, several fluctuations were observed in the rainy season of precipitable water, but none was statistically significant at the confidence level of 95%, but since 1989, the trend has increased significantly at a confidence level of 0.95. This spatial behavior of precipitable water can actually have occurred in response to the increase in the overall temperature of the area and can be considered as a profile of climate change in the region.
Tayebeh Kiani, Mohsen Pourbashir Hir,
Volume 18, Issue 49 (3-2018)
Abstract
The Rivers and the Canals are a completely dynamic system and their morphological patterns has been changed continuously over the time, which sometimes lead to erosion and damage to coastal facilities and border displacement. Therefore, its hydrologic behavior should always be considered. Iran has several border rivers with its neighbors that its necessary be studied of wise “the bed change approach. In this research, the Balehradud Border River, which forms 62 km from Iran's border with the Republic of Azerbaijan in Ardebil province, be studied based on the substitution approach by studying the hydromorphic indices of the Sinuosity coefficient, bending radius and central angle for the period 1955 and 2016 respectively using the map of Protocol 1/25000 and satellite imagery of ETM. And the indexes were calculated in AutoCAD and Arc maps software. The results show that the Meandering pattern has become more intense over the period of 61 years and the rate of river bed changes has been very high. As for the Sinuosity coefficient, the number of curves of river increase to 857 in year 2016 than 591 bends in year 1955 which indicates a significant change in river morphology. The values of curvature radius in the whole range confirm the existence of approximately the same arch along the river's path. This indicator for year 1955 shows that upstream have more meandering from downstream and versa this mode for the year 2016. Which can be due to climatic and tectonic changes. Also, a number of factors such as human interactions, climatic conditions, vegetation, loose tissue, are involved in the River bed change. It is important to take protective measures, such as stabilizing the coast and increasing vegetation and preventing the dumping of the river.
Sajad Ferdowsi, Najmeh Nazari Mazidi, Mehdi Modudi Arquhdi,
Volume 18, Issue 49 (3-2018)
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the index of Remaining carrying capacity of host community to tourism development. The method of data analysis is descriptive-analytical. In order to collect the initial data, a field survey and a questionnaire were used. The study population is comprised of specialists related to the subject and residents of Shahroud (host community). The sample size for distribution of the host community questionnaire is 125 people (65 inhabitants, 41 tourism business owners, 19 officials). In this regard, 20 questionnaires have been considered for the survey of experts. Method of determining the carrying capacity of the host community in the study adapted of Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) that it is used for environmental impact assessment (EIA) and the limits of acceptable change (LAC). The results of data analysis showed that based on barometer of sustainability Alan Prescott, and according to the parameters obtained by (0.426), carrying capacity of the host community, by positioning the floor of 0.41 to 0.60 of the situation is balanced state. Therefore, it is understood that the host society has a balanced attitude towards tourism and is not opposed to its development. As a result, it is essential to use existing potentials in order to sustainable tourism development, necessary planning should be made by tourism managers to attract more tourists to this area.
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Dr Younes Khosravi, Mehdi Dostkamian, Allah Morad Taherian, Amin Shiri Karim Vand,
Volume 18, Issue 50 (3-2018)
Abstract
Survey of advection of cold waves in Iran is the main aim of this study. In this regard, 45 synoptic stations were employed and studied. In order to investigate the thermal advection of cold waves, 1000, 850, 700 and 500 hp levels were reviewed and analyzed. Results indicated that cold waves in Iran most affected thermal advection caused by Tibet- Siberia, Siberias integrated Turkmenistan high-pressure, High pressure belt of Siberia - East Europe High pressure, Siberian high-pressure multi-core pattern and High-pressure belt of East of Caspian Sea integrated Black Sea High pressure. In the meantime, thermal advection of Siberian high pressure has been more impressive than other patterns. This system moved towards lower latitudes by anti-cyclone moving, So the cold weather of northern latitudes loss in lower latitudes North East of Iran, North West and Central parts of Iran. However, when Siberian high pressure combined with other patterns, its role in the advection of cold air have been considerable
Hassan Afrakhteh, Mohammad Hajipur, Farhad Javan,
Volume 18, Issue 50 (3-2018)
Abstract
The oil has gradually obtained a predominant place in national economy since 1950 and nowadays, is the main important resource securing country financial needs. Two questions are the base of this research regarding contradiction of oil rent and traditional economic sectors including agriculture and livestock rearing which always have been intensified. These two questions are as follows: what are the impacts of oil wealth distribution among different regions on Iran's rural economic structure? What has been the locational-spatial consequences of this oil wealth distribution on agricultural sector as a main element of Iran's rural economic structure? Research required data have collected based on document study on the country during 2006- 2011. Collected data are analyzed based on Shift-Share Analysis and Gibbs- Martin methods. Result show that there have not been any incentive in the local, regional and national management for strengthening rural economic structure using oil wealth. In addition, absence of industrial sector in rural economic structure with emphasis on agricultural sector both from policy making view and credit securing show that there have not been any logical sight on the political economic system facing rural space economy for development.
Ali Asghsr Abdollahi, Moslem Ghasemi,
Volume 18, Issue 50 (3-2018)
Abstract
Analysis probative spatial data method for checking patterns spatial accidental and accidental is distribution variables spatial and correlation spatial from more usage and more important tools Analysis for is the research in the case spatial data. The aim in research, is evaluation operation methods find inside in distribution spatial land use city Kerman. That on base of methods find inside kriging ordinary with models circularly, gauss, spherical and exponential for find inside data use and with criteria error inclusive Root Mean Square) RMS( and Standard Root Mean Square) SRMS(,Mean Standard)MS(,Mean and average Mean error)ASE (pay to evaluation veracity and exactitude. Methodology research present, descriptive – resolution with resolution spatial use software GIS. Results resolution explanatory existence pattern cluster in the land use study, administrative and commercial and pattern diffused for land use medical in the city Kerman. In between four pattern use study follow of better order. Too results research rectitude, specified pattern kriging ordinary with model gauss beater shape pattern distribution spatial use in the city Kerman
Alireza Entezari, Fatemeh Mayvaneh, Khosro Rezaie, Fatemeh Rahimi,
Volume 18, Issue 51 (6-2018)
Abstract
Human thermal comfort and discomfort of many experimental and theoretical indices are calculated using the input data the indicator of climatic elements are such as wind speed, temperature, humidity, solar radiation, etc. The daily data of temperature، wind speed، relative humidity، and cloudiness between the years 1382-1392 were used. In the First step، Tmrt parameter was calculated in the Ray Man software environment. Then UTCI and PMV index values were calculated using Bioklima software. The results showed that the most severe cold temperature stress on PMV index is in the winter and late autumn and UTCI index in January and February are the coldest stress. The power of neural networks, prediction of future performance network (generalized orientation) it simply is not possible and the new model presented in this paper have been restricted Boltzmann machine-based neural networks or neural networks is used deep belief. Using this structure, metrics Mean Squared Error (MSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) benchmark ate for seven indexes derived from data gathered by three factors related to the occurrence of weather conditions and other indicators of thermal comfort of human the system was evaluated. Assessment by dividing the data into training and testing parts, and the ratios have been of two-thirds, fifty percent and one-third And two benchmark MSE and MAPE were calculated. The proposed system performance in forecasting the human thermal comfort is desirable.
Ahmad Pourahmad, Nabi Moradpour, Hossen Hataminejad,
Volume 18, Issue 51 (6-2018)
Abstract
This study examined the effect of physical dimensions - space to encourage walking in Tehran. Micro level and macro level of the position of the subject matter, the authors were forced to Amirabad area of Tehran University as an area of study of their choice. The research method is analytical and survey. And the questionnaire for citizens was used. The population of the study, all residents of the neighborhood Amirabad and up Tehran University, using a sample of 384 randomly selected examples. The writers for more accurate research results, the sample size has been increased to 400. For data analysis software is used SPSS21 and LISREL8. The results indicate that the physical dimensions - space and encourage walking there. The amount of factor loadings obtained in all the research indicates that the selected indicators to measure the physical dimensions of space, encourage walking properly measure these dimensions, so that the physical dimensions, safety index (99/0 ) and the spatial dimensions of the security indicator (75/0) have had the highest amount of loadings. In addition, the effect of spatial scale on a direct and positive are encouraged to walk in space as well as the physical dimensions of 34/0 and 42/0 of variance explained that encourage walking.
Sayyed Mohamad Hosseini, Abdolhossein Adelzadeh,
Volume 19, Issue 52 (3-2019)
Abstract
In this research, applied synoptic model for determining the average daily temperature and its relationship with the Geopotential Height in middle level (500 HPa). Therefore, two database were used: database of atmospheric circulations, includes the data of geopotential height at 500 HPa and its data were extracted from the NCEP/DOE(US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) in hours 00:00; 03:00; 06:00; 09:00; 12:00; 15:00; 18:00; and 21:00 in Zulu and other, database of environmental (surface) events. Contain of average daily temperature in the Mashhad, Torbat-Heydarieh and Sabzevar stations in Khorasan Razavi Province. The maximum and minimum of these stations in the time interval from 01/01/1987 to 01/01/2014 equal as 9862 days from the meteorological organization of Iran. Then, was calculated the correlation of the average daily temperature of selected stations with high atmospheric data (500 HPa level) with the northern hemisphere in Surfer Software. The result shown, four regions in the northern hemisphere which had high correlations with selected stations. The correlation results suggest that the United States has 25 pixels, Northern China 25 pixels, Africa 45 pixels and Japan with 65 pixels. Then, weighted average of pixels in heights by multiple regression equation station. The results of diagnostic models indicate that, per geopotential height increase in the profile, the average daily temperatures of selected stations in the Sabzevar 1.4, Torbat-Heydarieh 1.3 and Mashhad 1.3 degrees Celsius will increase.
Mr Sirous Hashemi Darebadami, Dr Ali Darvishi Boloorani, Dr Seyed Kazem Alavipanah, Mr Mohammad Maleki, Mr Reza Bayat,
Volume 19, Issue 52 (3-2019)
Abstract
The term urban heat island (UHI), described the phenomenon of climate change in urban areas compared with surrounding rural areas. UHI effects include: increasing in energy and water consumption, air pollution expansion and interfering in thermal comfort. Surface urban heat island (SUHI) contains patterns of land surface temperature (LST) in urban areas that has interaction with UHI in urban canopy layer and urban boundary layer and investigate with thermal remote sensing. SUHI has diurnal and seasonal variations so requires multi-temporal data to analysis SUHI. In this study, the multi-temporal MODIS (Aqua and Terra) data product were used to analyze the SUHI in day and night in Tehran metropolitan. Physical and biophysical surface properties such as: land cover/land use (LULC), elevation, albedo, vegetation index (NDVI) and impervious surfaces index (NDBI) were used to interpretation of the LST and SUHI changes. The results showed that SUHI in Tehran, has spatial-temporal diurnal and seasonal variation. So that during warm days the surface urban cool island (SUCL) is formed in Tehran. At night times, SUHI index values was different between 2 and 5 ° C (maximum in the spring). The results also showed that different of land cover thermal properties, albedo and elevation was the most important factors is the diurnal changes of SUHI while phonological changes of vegetation and albedo, was the most important factors in seasonal changes of SUHI.
Mr Ali Mohammadpourzeidi, Professor Bohloul Alijani, Associate Professor of Climatology Mohammad Saligheh, Mr Mohammadsaleh Gerami,
Volume 19, Issue 52 (3-2019)
Abstract
owledge of spatial rainfall behavior in environmental, land planning is effective. These changes in the later place in the form of time later and in the climate of the area. The Target of this study was to reveal the presence or absence of precipitation trend in the ratio of the height of local precipitation behavior and identify province mazandarn. Therefore, the purpose of the rainfall data station 32 (Meteorological Agency and Department of energy), the statistical period 1988-2010. To get the regression analysis of precipitation process was used to identify the local behavior of precipitation, the method of spatial statistics were used. The results obtained from the behavior of precipitation, the existence of the process within the scope of the study and the emphasis is most consistent with the Be modified regression model at adjustment indicate. According to the regional behavior of precipitation, using local spatial statistics, spatial Moran well hot spots check this behavior. The results showed that precipitation in the province of Mazandaran has the pattern of clusters with high value. According to the local hot spots and methods Moran, West Coast up to a height of 700 m has positive z score and clusters with high value, 99% confidence level. This range includes 15% of the total of the province. The range of the Southern Highlands as well as the negative z score and clusters with low value with a confidence level shows 99%. This range is also about 20 per cent of the province's total. About 65 percent of the total area of the province as well as the lack of a significant trend show.
Dr Amjad Maleki, Dr Sajad Bageri, Master Sara Mataee,
Volume 19, Issue 52 (3-2019)
Abstract
Vulnerability assessment and mapping of hazard pollution is raised on as an important management strategy to protect the karst. Karstic aquifers in semi-arid regions of the West of Iran with regard to the natural conditions of the region, are susceptible to contamination. Estimation of amount and vulnerability mapping of aquifers in the karst religion of Bistoun- Paraw – Kermanshah plain against poullution emissions using the COP model are theaims of this study. This model using of three parameters - covering layer (O), concentration of flow (C) and regime of precipitation (P) - assesses the vulnerability of karst water resources against pollution. The results show that %31/4of the area has located in the zone of average vulnerability and %30/7of area has been in the low vulnerability area and %37/9of the area has taken a very low vulnerabilities value. The later zone has been included most part of the plain. Major areas of low and moderate vulnerabilityzones has been located in the high part of the area on wherethe developed limestone territory of karst formations is found. Vegetation cover of these regions areforest-steppe vegetation where is located in the low vulnerability zone and without vegetation cover where is in the moderate vulnerability zones. The latest has over 800 mm Precipitation. Totally, the Parameters that have most important role in vulnerability level in the areaare C, P and O respectively.
Hassan Mahmodzadeh, Sodabeh Panahi, Mahdi Herischian,
Volume 19, Issue 52 (3-2019)
Abstract
From the late twentieth century, human kind has found out that if he wants to obtain cost efficiently and continuous utilization of lands, it is better to execute this in a planned framework named management plan. Such idea is became as an introduction to monitor the land or utilization of lands. Monitoring lands means contribution of an optimized space for land utilization with realization of common upcoming and related to each other in the past, now and in the future.Therefore, the objective of this research is to select the suitable lands with monitoring lands of view in the city of Hamedan using a Multi-Objective Land Allocation method.The aim of Multi-Objective Land Allocation method use is to contribute selection of proper lands with monitoring approach based on ideal levels concept which have been executed by 3 different ecologic, socio-economic and strategic aspects existing in the territory.The examined use include agricultural use (water system or dry farming), pasturing use and urban use which based on the highest weight of independent variables, the area has been allocated to mentioned use with land monitoring approach.In what follows, the land suitability map is obtained through MCE operation for each type of land use and the obtained land suitability areas were calculated using these maps for which the results are as follows: irrigated agriculture with 601.176 hectares, dryland farming with 961.193 hectares, urban suitability with 762.984, and rangeland management suitability with 960.552 hectares which is an important criterion for determining the area for implementing MOLA.In the next step, it was time for implementing MOLA module for resolving the contradictions among the uses.The results of MOLA showed that in average for the three studied aspects, the maximum area was associated with dryland farming with 364.4 hectares which is equivalent to 32% of the studied uses and the maximum weight of 0.4 was associated with irrigated agriculture.These resulted were obtained based on five factors (i.e. the current area of each land use, the favorable area for each land use based on MCE method, the occupational dependencies of different individuals to each land uses, prioritizing the ecological, economic, and social aspects of each land use).Finally, the results showed that selecting the suitable lands with spatial planning point of view using a Multi-Objective Land Allocation method is carried out properly through economic, social, and ecological aspects.
Mrs. Mina Ranjbar Fard, Ms. Hourieh Aarabi Moghaddam,
Volume 19, Issue 52 (3-2019)
Abstract
Nowadays almost all big cities are confronting heavy traffic and suffering from lack of parking lots which leads in traffic jam. According to the significant role of vertical parking in reducing the traffic load and smoothing the traffic current; this study was carried out with the purpose of presenting a decision support system for vertical parking site selection for mechanical and constructive parking lots by using Fuzzy-DANP method. Each criterion’s correspondent GIS data was acquired from Tehran Municipality for district no.3, 6, 7, 10, 11 and 17 which were chosen according to the corresponding mayors’ opinions of those districts and converted into its specific layer. Each criterion’s weigh was exerted to its determined GIS layer and eventually all those layers were integrated with each other. The final map of GIS output demonstrated a spectrum which determined the most appropriate to inappropriate locations to establish a parking of each type. The final results were shown within a user interface, including the GIS map and the estimated location of the chosen district and parking type. The overall steps mentioned above are forming the DSS of the study. The results showed that setting up mechanical parking in districts no. 3, 6 and 7 is proper. For building constructive parking; all districts are appropriate.
Dr. Ali Bayat, Mr. Saeed Mashhadizadeh Maleki,
Volume 19, Issue 53 (6-2019)
Abstract
Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) is one of the most important quantities in meteorology and climate studies. PWV in Earth's atmosphere can be measured by Sun-photometer, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and radiosonde from surface, atmosphere and space-based systems, respectively. In this paper, we use PWV measured by Sun-photometer located in Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), AIRS and 29 Iranian synoptic stations data include temperature, dew-point temperature, pressure and relative humidity. For validation of AIRS data, the correlation coefficient between AIRS and Sun-photometer data calculated. The correlation is 90%. Average of PWV measured with sun-photometer and AIRS are 9.8 and 10.8 mm, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficients between PWV of AIRS data set and temperature, dew-point temperature, pressure and relative humidity for synoptic stations are calculated. Correlation between PWV and temperature, dew-point temperature, pressure, and humidity are 73%, 74%, -40% and -30%, respectively. PWV and temperature correlation coefficient map shows a positive trend between latitude and correlation coefficient. Rising a degree in latitude lead to increasing 2.8 percent in the correlation coefficient.
Dr Mohamad Zaheri, Mr Ali Majnouni-Toutakhane,
Volume 19, Issue 53 (6-2019)
Abstract
The increased use of thermal power plants has led to the spread of greenhouse gases in the air and has caused psychological problems for humans. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to measure the pollutants released by Sahand Bonab thermal power plant and to investigate the effects of this pollution on the psychological and psychological pressure of rural residents. The GWP100 method was used to measure the pollutants of the power plant and to measure the mental and emotional pressures of the citizens, a questionnaire was used to assess the psychological stress of Markham. The statistical population of this study is 10254 people over 15 years of age in 7 villages located in the greenhouse of the power plant. Using formulas and simple random sampling, 375 subjects were selected as sample size. The results showed that the most pollutants released are CO2 and NOx, which is 4.17 times the warm seasons in the seasons. Also, analysis of the results by using a Pearson test showed that six variables including neurological and disturbing variables p= 0.272, stress and psychological stress p= 0.325, feeling of energy decrease, p= 0.287, feeling of despair and disappointment in life p = 0.142, feeling Depression in life of p= 0.211 and change in behavior patterns in everyday life p= 0.269 had the most effect on air pollution. Also, mental and psychological stress in nearby villages was higher than in remote villages, more women than young men than older men and elderly people. The results of multivariate regression and path analysis showed that in general, the air pollution caused by the power plant has the ability to explain R2 = 37.42 percent of the changes related to the psychological and psychological pressure of the villagers. Finally, it can be said that thermal power plants have negative mental and psychological effects according to type of activity, type of age and gender of the villagers, which should be considered in the studies of the construction of power plants.
Dr Mahmoud Hooshyar, Dr Behrouz Sobhani, Nader Parvin,
Volume 19, Issue 54 (9-2019)
Abstract
Early heat waves are extreme events that cause heavy losses in plant and animal life and cause many social and economic problems for communities. The purpose of this study was to identify synoptic patterns and statistical analysis of preterm heat waves in northwestern Iran. To do this, the maximum daily temperature data of March 14th was used for fourteen synoptic stations in the northwest of the country during the statistical period (1333-1393) Hijri Shamsi. Then, on the basis of the threshold, the Baldy index was selected for 61 days of heat wave. All statistical characteristics of the data were processed in SPSS software. They were The elevation data of the middle atmosphere of the atmosphere was extracted from a NCEP / NCAR database on a network with an arc 2/5 × 2/5 degree on the 0 to 70 degree eastern longitude and 0 to 60 degrees north latitude. The matrix was made up of 864 columns in 40 rows, with rows of days with thermal waves and elevation data on the columns on the middle of the atmosphere. The analysis of the basic components was performed on the algebraic data matrix matrix And 12 components that account for about 93 of the variations in pressure levels above 500 hp, were identified. To identify the coherent patterns, cluster analysis was performed on the scores of the components by the WARD integration method. Five types of pre-heat generation waveform patterns were identified. The results of this study showed that the premature heat waves in the northwest of Iran are due to high altitude formation in southern Arabia, the Aden valley and the center of Sudan at a level of 500 hpa and the formation of Sudan's low pressure in the sea level and the discharge of its tabs to the north and northeast of the region The case study (Northwest of Iran) also includes events occurring.
Dr. Ebrahim Fattahi, Shookat Moghimi,
Volume 19, Issue 54 (9-2019)
Abstract
In this study in order to monitor snow cover, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) optical images were used, while for detection of snow covered areas, the snow index-NDSI, was applied. The results showed - according to the climatic conditions of the region- during the following months: December, January, February and March, most of the area is covered by snow and the maximum extent of snow cover occurred in January. In West Azerbaijan province there is found a negative trend of snow cover with a drastically reduction in January, as well as the provinces East Azerbaijan and Ardebil showed the decreasing of snow cover in this month. The results of this study show that, changes in snow cover imply a rise in temperature in this region leading to the reduction of snow cover in January. This trend represents global warming and climate change impacts on snow cover in the study area. Investigation of extreme indices confirms the assumption that by taking temperature increase into consideration, regional winter precipitation pattern has been changed from snow to rain, causing the reduction of snow storage in the catchment of study area. In addition ,the extreme temperature index study in the period of 2011- 2040 and the baseline by considering climate change approach in North West of Iran by using outputs of general circulation models under A2 scenario and downscaling models LARS-WG indicates the number of frost days or the number of icy days decreased compared to the baseline which is not unexpected according to reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as well as several studies confirmed global warming. Moreover, indices such as growth period increased, while diurnal temperature variation decreased compared to the baseline confirming snow cover reduction in the region as a threat of snow storage in the region.
Vakil Heidari Sarban, Alireza Abdpour,
Volume 19, Issue 54 (9-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors improvement of sustainable livelihoods from the perspective of local people of Ardabil County. First, factors affecting effectiveness improvement of sustainable livelihoods in the study area were identified from the perspective of local elites using semi-structured interviews. To achieve this goal, 35 residents of studied region were interviewed individually with college education and at least a bachelor's degree. In the second step of study, in order to understand and analyze rural communities' perspective of and their theoretical agreement degree with the results of the first step, 39 identified causes were the questionnaire design basis by Likert method. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all villagers living in rural areas of Ardabil County in 2016 (N= 85053), among which 383 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. In order to analyze the data, factor analysis model was used and the results of this model showed the most important factor improvement of sustainable livelihoods from the perspective of local people in studied region includes four components (entrepreneurship and fortification of economical infrastructures, support of demand- side and governmental interventional action, fortification of social capital and social empowerment and environmental management and fortification of physical infrastructures) that explained variance and the cumulative variance by the five factors 60.66. And finally, practical suggestions have been presented according to the results of the study.
