Showing 36 results for Subject: Political geography
Dr Afshin Mottaghi, Mr Arash Ghorbani Sepehr, Ms Parisa Ghorbani Sepehr,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
In the field of spatial planning of border areas, the macro-perspective view of geography should be applied in order to identify the possibilities, capabilities and limitations of border areas, at least to avoid the tensions and challenges due to unbalanced development. , Deprivation and spatial heterogeneity arise, prevented. The research method in this study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In this regard, using a combination of multi-criteria decision-making techniques similar to the ideal option (TOPSIS) and Shannon entropy coefficient, the distribution and development of spatial development indicators in health-service sectors in Kurdistan province evaluation The border cities of this province have been classified according to the level of having these indicators. The question of the present study is what is the situation of the cities of Kurdistan province in terms of spatial distribution of health and service indicators? It seems that the level of enjoyment of any of the border cities of Kurdistan province is not at the desired level. The findings of this study indicate that Kurdistan province, despite having a special position and high geopolitical potential, is still one of the most deprived provinces in the country. In addition, there is a kind of imbalance and heterogeneity in the distribution and development of facilities and development indicators in the border cities of the province. Based on the analysis of 13 indicators of the space organization from a total of 4 border cities of this province, Saqez and Baneh cities in the semi-privileged (semi-deprived) group and the two cities of Marivan and Sarvabad in the category without (deprived) place Taken. Based on the results of this study, the space organization in the border cities of Kurdistan province is highly heterogeneous and these cities are in the middle to lower level in terms of health-service development that is necessary in terms of health and services This border province should be given special attention to ensure the lasting security of the border citizens of Kurdistan.
Dr. Mahmoud Dehghan, Dr. Ataalah Abdi, Dr. Afshin Mottaghi, Dr. Mirhadi Hosseini,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
In geopolitics literature, small and low-endowment states that compound lesser geopolitical potentiality and weight are considered as the trivial scale agents in comparison with the first and second level powers. These agents, in spite of the local geopolitical codes but sometimes can effect on the regional and even global events of geopolitics. The Caucasian region, historically, have had a field for appearance and exposition of sub-khans that their overall actions and agencies effected the events of the region and due to its cultural proximities to Iran, have effected in Iran’s geopolitical functions in national scale. The present paper with descriptive-analytical method, have studied historical role of the local agencies in geopolitical events of the Caucasia and their impression on the great scale events. Secondly, the paper has studied the quality of the chosen countries of the region in current circumstances of the global system. Results indicate that the Caucasian countries act according to their historical legacy as a small-scale agents among the great scale actors.
Ehsan Lashgari Tafreshi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
In the classical view, the political dimension study of space has always been considered as the political geography ontological basic. Gradually from the 1980s with the development of post-positivist perspectives on human geography; Politics affected all social spheres from government and political parties to gender and considered the smallest power relations associated with the political concept. The political issue has rejected the organization of space on the basis of formal logic and has introduced new forms of epistemological reconstruction in the study of the relationship between politics and space. In this article, has been attempted to explain the political epistemological consequences in the study of relationship between politics and space. Research findings indicate that political dimension of space study is needed epistemic relativism in context of the political. In this regard, intersubjective cognition has a special dependence on the historical evolution of space and therefore requires to power factor genealogy. This spatial genealogy is always linked to the conflict that exists in human societies and forms the possibility of space antagonistic cognition. In this regard, the social meaning of geographical space; considered as place of conflict and resistance of marginalized groups and hegemonic forces in society Which reach a kind of adaptive balance within a certain time. This process is caused, the epistemological model adaptation of cultural geography and political geography with each other.
Doctor Ahmad Rashidinejad, Doctor Morad Kaviani Rad, Doctor Mottaqi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
The position of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is in the least compatible with national borders or with the political and strategic considerations of regional countries. The sources of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers are located in Turkey, and Turkish authorities believe they own the resources. A project called "Gap" or "Anatolian" in the framework of the construction of more than 22 dams and 19 hydroelectric projects and development of the agricultural system in the Tigris and Euphrates watersheds has been on the Turkish governmentchr('39')s agenda by 2023, reflecting the security threat. The environmental and water security of the downstream countries (Iraq, Syria and Iran) have been demonstrated. The present study is based on the assumption of reflecting the Hydropolitic relations of the Tigris and Euphrates basin (based on Gap Project) with the viewpoint of continuing climate change and changing rainfall patterns and increasing water use in downstream countries using library resources. In the form of a threat to the security of the southwestern areas of Iran, it will intensify. The results showed that the consequences of the Hydropolitic approach of the Tigris and Euphrates countries, especially Turkey, besides threatening environmental security, affect other aspects of security in the economic, social and political spheres in the southwest of the country.
Ms Parisa Ghorbani Sepehr, Dr Zaki Yashar, Dr Seyed Abbas Ahmadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Climate change affects geographical scales (global, regional, national and local) and its severity varies from country to country, with droughts, warming and climate change in one country. Excessive snow and rain show up. Due to the location of Iran in low geographical offers, this country is among the countries that have not been safe from the security consequences of climate change. The present study seeks to answer two questions: 1) What are the security consequences of climate change on Iran and which components have the greatest impact on Iran? 2) Which of the pillars of good governance as a solution has the greatest impact on reducing the effects of climate change on Iran? In this study, the study population is elites and experts familiar with the subject of the study, 100 of whom were selected for snowball sampling and used a researcher-made questionnaire to collect data and The data were used for analysis and also the data were evaluated using SPSS and MINITAB software. The results of the studies according to the obtained P-value which is equal to 0.000 and is less than 0.05 alpha, indicate the difference between the natural and human consequences of climate change in Iran. The results of the Tukey test indicate that the natural consequences of climate change with an average of 4.0584 are in group A and the human consequences with an average of 3.4460 are in group B. Also, the results of Friedman test on the effect of good governance in controlling and reducing the security consequences of climate change in Iran show that accountability with an average of 5.79 in the first place, rule of law with an average of 5.62 in the first place. Second and accountability of officials with an average rating of 5.32 are in third place.
Mohsen Abedidorcheh,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
The rapid and growing trend of metropolises on the way to becoming global cities and world cities is affected by the increasing political, economic, cultural and scientific dimensions of the political geography of the city. Cities, as living beings, evolve from the new city to the mother city, the metropolis, the world city, and the world city. In this competitive environment, metropolises try to improve their level of competitiveness with competitors. In this study, the researcher compares the performance of the two metropolises of Tehran and Istanbul among the metropolises of the Islamic world based on the criteria and functions of the world cities based on indexing for world cities based on the opinion of political geography thinkers in the study of world cities. What is the position of the city in the ranking of world cities. For this purpose, the relevant maps have been prepared using ArcMap software and the existing numerical indicators and criteria have been studied in a descriptive-analytical manner. With the analysis, it was concluded that in most indicators, the performance of Istanbul has a better position than Tehran and it is well placed in the network society and flow space of global cities, which, of course, for various reasons such as geopolitical position, open economic space and other indicators. The results of a comparative study of the situation of these two metropolises, causes a more appropriate design of the future landscape of these cities by managers in order to achieve a global city.
Mr Syrous Ahmadi Nohdani, Mr Aziz Nasirzade, Miss Reyhane Salehabadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
When empires and great nations decline, there are many reasons why there is a connection between them. Empire is considered as a regulating power in the world that by studying history, one can discover the existence of several important empires in different eras. Given that empire is related to geopolitical knowledge and its constituent concepts (power, politics and space), it can be studied and explored from this perspective. The purpose of this study is a geopolitical analysis of the collapse of empires. This descriptive-analytical study uses the field method to investigate the geopolitical factors of the collapse of empires (Persia, Rome, Byzantium, Ottoman, British, Russian, Spanish and Arab). The statistical population is 50 experts in the field of geopolitical studies. To test the conceptual model of the research, Demetel method has been used. Findings show that variables such as incompetence and lust of rulers, collapse of the domestic economy, increase and corruption of the male government, oppression and slavery, internal riots, etc. show high interaction and strong systemic relationship with other variables. That is, as long as a country has faced these challenges in terms of manpower and governance, it has not been able to survive in the face of other problems caused by these factors, and these factors have led to crises and the collapse of the empire.
Mohammad Reza Heydari, Mehrdad Sadeghi, Ali Rashidpoor,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to present a model of religious tourism based on the art of taziyeh in Kashan based on structural equation modeling, based on a mixed exploratory approach. In the qualitative part, the phenomenological method was used and in the quantitative part, the descriptive method, correlation based on structural equations was used. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part included professors and experts in tourism and condolence in Kashan, which was obtained after 15 saturated interviews. In order to evaluate the validity of qualitative data, structural, external, descriptive and interpretive validity were used and in order to evaluate the reliability, the three approaches of Rao and Perry (2003) were used. The results of qualitative research were extracted from 11 economic, strategic, development, research, organizational, technical, content, environmental and advertising dimensions. After examining the extraction of components, the quantitative part of the research was examined. Factor and content validity were used to evaluate the validity. The reliability of the questionnaire was used from Cronbach's alpha, which had the necessary reliability. Available was selected. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed at two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics, including structural equations, through SPSS 22, LISREL 18.9 and Warp PLS 5 software. Findings showed that the most impact was economic dimension (impact factor 0.86) followed by cultural dimension with (0.79) and strategic dimension with (0.78).
Dr Ahmad Rashidi Nejad, Dr Murad Kaviani Rad, Dr Afshin Mottaghi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Security complex represents a unique group of countries where the process of "security building" and "making insecure" or both for this group of countries are increasingly related with each other. In other words, their main security concern is so intertwined that their security problems cannot be solved independently. Thus conceived, "hydropolitic complexes" include those countries which are geographically the owner and from technical point of view, are the user of part of the shared river. In fact, a group of the countries which are considered to be part of a region due to their water resources (rivers, lakes and aquifers), would have no common geographical borders but their "national security" and "hydropolitic security" are so interrelated that their security and hydropolitc problems cannot be resolved without their cooperation. The methodology of current descriptive-analytic study focused on Mesopotamia and Hirmand drainage basins (in parts of Iran), is grounded on the hypothesis that in a hydropolitic complex in the same way that the threatening of water security of each one of the member states might lead to the threatening of national security of other members, some threats can be posed against the water security of each one of the member states due to the threatening of the national security of other members. The data required for this research have been collected using library sources (books, journals and internet). The results of this study showed that how hydropolitic security is endangered following the eruption of insecurity in Afghanistan. At Tigris and Euphrates Basin, the climate changes and Turkey's inattention to hydropolitic security of Syria (by closing the floodgates of the dams) provided the ground for the emergence of internal crisis in Syria, and its reverberations posed serious threats against the security of Turkey, Iraq and Iran.
D.r Abas Jahan Abadian, D.r Yaser Kahrazeh, D.r Parviz Reza Mirlotfi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Factors and stimuli affecting convergence and divergence that play a major role in determining how and the quality of the national coherence is not the same concepts, but variables that have reverse and affected links that identify and analyze their role and effect. It is important to convergence and national coherence, resulting in general security. Regarding this issue, this study was conducted to investigate and analyze the factors and stimuli affecting national convergence and coherence in the southeast of the country. In the same vein, the present article, which is provided in terms of its fundamental purpose and its information, has been providing a response to the question, which has been the most important factor and stimuli on the convergence and coherence of the Baloch people in the southeast. What are the country? The research findings showed that many, different factors affect the convergence, and divergence of the Baloch people in Sistan and Baluchestan province, these factors can be categorized into two groups of internal and external stimuli. The results of the study showed that mutual confidence-determination of people, decentralization and gathering of industries and decision-making centers, strengthening ethnic identity in the direction of national identity, capacity of upstream documents and their role in national cohesion, Baloch and Sistan province And Balochistan with Iran, common social customs, the effective and positive role of the ethnic and national elites of these people and the province can be considered as some of the most important factors and stimuli, and the expansion of the Baloch people in the southeast of the country And the cultural center of the Baloch people in southeastern Iran, regional stress politics, historical economic communications with neighboring countries and the prevalence of today's border markets with the countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan are the most important factors and stimuli affecting convergence and convergence and The national cohesion of the Baloch people is in the province of Sistan and Baluchestan and in the southeast of the country.
Ahmad Rashidi Nejad, Mostafa Fallahi, Ma Azam Arefi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Water scarcity is considered to be the root of underdevelopment and poverty and has the potential to shape the feeling of poverty and deprivation in individuals and society. Accordingly, this study aims to explain the connection between "feeling of relative deprivation" and "hydropolitical relations", while studying the construction process of Gauvshomar dam in Lorestan province, question; How does not building a dam affect the formation of a sense of relative deprivation in the people of an area? Follow up. The research method is descriptive-analytical with a quantitative and qualitative approach and based on documentary-library studies and field observation. The questionnaire is a measurement tool and SPSS analysis tool. Indicators used in research (economic, social, cultural, environmental-physical, political-security). The results showed that the lack of construction of the dam has increased the feeling of relative deprivation in terms of economic, social, cultural, environmental-physical, political-security and in general the formation of dissatisfaction in the people of the study area.
Morad Kaviani, Morteza Tahami,
Volume 15, Issue 37 (9-2015)
Abstract
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Volume 17, Issue 45 (9-2017)
Abstract
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Volume 17, Issue 45 (9-2017)
Abstract
Dr. Morad Kavianirad, Dr Yadollah Karimi Pour, Dr. Hedayat Fahmi, Mr. Sadegh Karami,
Volume 17, Issue 46 (12-2017)
Abstract
Efforts to provide security have always been of great importance to human being. In recent decades, the security issues of climate change have attracted attentions due to its sustainable consequences on the lives and civilization of humans. Among all countries, the ones which are placed in draught belt, like our country Iran, have hurt a lot because of low precipitations and also mismanagements in water resources control. Climate change show itself by changes in precipitation patterns, reduction of precipitation and increasing of temperature. According to the present data, Iran's central drainage basin which consists of important geopolitical provinces, has been affected by the above mentioned factors. This descriptive-analytic research is carried out based on the effects of climate change on Iran's central basin which provides approximately 48 percent of Iran’s GDP. Continuity of climate changes in this region can make critical problems in social, environmental, economic and political scales and the lives of the citizens would be affected as well. To conclude, the persistence of the current conditions in climate change in the central drainage basin of Iran, would result in challenges through the national stability and security.
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Volume 17, Issue 47 (12-2017)
Abstract
The attempt to recognize phenomena and affairs has always been a concern of the human mind and has constantly sought to complete this knowledge. The correct recognition is also achieved when the real nature of phenomena is clear to man. The phenomena are based on their own philosophical foundations and, therefore, their understanding requires perception these philosophical foundations and using proper methods of recognition. The map is also a phenomenon that has its own philosophical foundations and by understanding these philosophical foundations, the true meaning and the components that influence its meaning are clarified. Recognizing it correctly requires understanding many of the elements and other factors. To real understanding this phenomenon, one needs to understand beyond what is usually said about it. In this research, we tried to clarify the philosophical foundations of the map and the factors influencing its meaning by using of hermeneutical methodology. The results of this research showed that the map of the ontology aspect is of an objective-subjective nature. Therefore, it should be understood by methodology such as hermeneutics and not explanation. Also, using this method, it is determined that the mapping factors are divided into two categories. Internal factors, such as the choice of the type of projection and cartographic deviations and external factors such as, the mental purpose of the cartographer and the banners, understand map reader from map, and the spaces of thought, power, and so on make up the actual meaning of the map.
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Volume 18, Issue 48 (4-2018)
Abstract
In the current disorderly world, securing benefits and achieving optimal security for countries alone is very difficult and unavoidable. Uniting with other countries and powers is a way to advance national goals and provide benefits, and bring more guarantees for countries to survive, advance, develop and peace. The factors and conditions that lead to the unification of the countries have been a lot of controversy and debate and have been analyzed from a variety of perspectives. Although geographic proximity and geographical similarity seem to be the prelude to creating unity between countries, the Iranian-Iraqi model in the Middle East is challenging this claim. Except for a few days in the early 20th century, the two countries were in conflict with the majority of the century, even an eight-year-old war between them. So the main question of this research is how geopolitical factors contribute to the unification of countries, and what are these factors and components in the strategic relationship between Iran and Iraq? This research is descriptive and based on library and document data. The results of the study show that the components of the internal environment (economic, socio-cultural components, geographic and political components, security and geopolitics), the regional external environment and, ultimately, the global environment have affected the quality and quantity of the strategic linkage of Baghdad-Tehran. The strategic link between the two countries is a function of the accompaniment and positive function of the triangle, which itself is based on more complex components.
Abed Golkarami, , Afshin Motaghi, Hossien Rabiee,
Volume 18, Issue 49 (5-2018)
Abstract
Knowing Country and understanding the capacity of its perimeter and international environment are essential components of the economy that the foreign policy of any country should be on the basis of territorial and social. The country relies on its geopolitical foundations that they are influenced by its geographical location can affect codification foreign policy in the international economy. Hence, this paper with an analytical -descriptive method to survey the geopolitical and geographical foundations of Islamic Republic of Iran's economy. This paper show that Economy of Islamic Republic Iran away with its Geopolitical foundations and to achieve an effective economic on the closed surrounding and international environment, review in Geopolitical foundations of foreign policy that is mentioned in the form of five components are necessary and is inevitable. Hence, Islamic Republic of Iran to pursue these foundations in foreign policy strategy, not only effects will be in terms of political and cultural on international environment but also in terms geo-economic impact on international political economy.
Morad Kaviani Rad, Hadi Aazami, Majid Rasouli, Ahmad Bakhshi,
Volume 18, Issue 50 (6-2018)
Abstract
Fundamentalism is one of the security issues of today's world, and the Territorialize and , Territoriality of fundamentalist terrorist groups has attracted a large part of the world's security literature. Over the past decade, Southwest Asia and North Africa have emerged from domestic crises and transnational power interference, the focus of the emergence and expansion of radical ideas that impose huge costs on the regional and trans-regional countries of the world. Meanwhile, the northern continent of Africa, and in particular the country of Libya, as a fragile state emerging from the internalities and role of the regional interventionist powers, has provided opportunities for the expansion of ISIS's fundamentalist organization.The present study is based on the descriptive-analytical nature of the hypothesis that based on internal factors such as strategic position and huge oil resources, the crisis of legitimacy, spatial inequalities (axis-margin), the weakness of national correlators, weakness of central government power, Interventions of regional and global powers territoriality have been provided a platform for fundamentalist organizations such as ISIL in Libya, and the data and information required for research has been compiled in a library-based way . The results of the study showed that the fragility of the government in North Africa, in particular Libya, Territorialize and , Territoriality grounds have provided for ISIL's .
Dr Ehsan Lashgari Tafreshi, Dr َabbas Ahmadi,
Volume 19, Issue 54 (12-2019)
Abstract
The emergence of decentralization approach and transfer some political authority to non-state actors has provided new actions for the management of geographical space under the name of spatial governance. The roots of the emergence of the concept of spatial governance return to the economic-political changing in the 1980s. The emergence of a decentralization approach and the transfer powers from government to nongovernmental institutions has provided a new concept in the name of "spatial governance". Therefore, governance is beyond the government and includes the private sector and civil society with the approach of market economy and participatory democracy. So, in this paper major question is “who spatial governance functioned in the post- positivism methodology?” In this regard, in the first step has been made to define the concept of governance and its dimensions and sub-sets in relation to geographical space. Then, by matching the spatial governance conceptual relationship with post-positivism approach, a new perspective on the causes of the greater impact of this school is presented in understanding this concept. According to the governance framework, the management and production of space is not only an objective or objective action, but also it is a constructive, unfinished, contingent, and conditional, conditional and social condition. therefore, the space policy was created in a cultural-historical territory must be consistent with the cultural and historical values of a particular of human beings group and the conditions for the development and optimization of space by these policies should fit into the pattern of their social life. in governance approach, some of the concepts such as truth, rationality, justice, goodness, and especially development, are not independent from its the social processes that shape it. On this basis, spatial governance cannot have universal dimensions. Because social action is faced with a process that can create a single position at any given time, pro-active methodology cannot predict and predict it.