Showing 49 results for Subject: Geography and Rural Planning
Shadi Khoob, Hamdollah Sojasi Qeidari, Aliakbar Anabestani,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Entrepreneurship as an emerging phenomenon in the economy today plays an important role in the economic development and development of the villages because it is created for the purpose of progress, poverty eradication and employment creation. Rural areas, however, suffer from a lack of financial capital to start a business or expand their current economic activities. Governments have therefore provided self-employment loans in the form of micro-rural credits to facilitate the process of employment and entrepreneurship in rural areas. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of micro-government credits in rural entrepreneurship development in Radkan. The purpose of this study is applied and developmental research and descriptive-analytical. Different methods of data collection (documentary, library and field information) have been used for this research. The statistical population of the study consisted of 27 entrepreneurs and using Cochran formula and error level (0.06) of 244 people from 13 villages of Radkan village were selected as sample and their opinions based on the research indicators related to the subject. The results showed that micro-government credits in general did not play a significant role in the development of rural entrepreneurship in the study area. Sample entrepreneurs in the study villages often apply for bank loans and then provide the rest of their own funds from personal finance. Also, due to insufficient amount of loans, lack of easy access to credit, lack of insurance support from entrepreneurs, prolonged time for getting credits from institutions and inappropriate repayment period, entrepreneurschr('39') satisfaction with average of 2.32 and rural people with average 1/91 is very low.
Jalil Badamfirooz, Leyla Sharifi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
By evaluating the functions and ecosystem services of protected areas, it is possible to help planners and decision makers of land management and sustainable development in the region and the country. The present study specifically assesses water and soil resources in the Gando Protected Area and the economic valuation of these services. In order to model the ecosystem services of water balance, soil protection and water quality, a hydrological model -WWPSS- based on RS data was used. The simulation was performed using a series of one-degree square meters (one hectare) on a monthly scale. In order to evaluate the economy, the Invest model and the alternative cost method were used. The results showed that the total water produced in this region is 401,205,344 m3 per year. Also, the minimum, maximum and average water budget of all three are negative and are equal to -1492.76, -38.04 and -639.24 mm per year, respectively, which indicates the lack of rainfall and the intensity of evapotranspiration in this region. The average potential of surface water pollution is 4.5% and this area prevents erosion of 2 tons per hectare per year. The real economic value of water production and soil protection in 2019 with inflation reform of 20.18%, 67.54 and 2729.65 billion rials, respectively, is estimated. Three scenarios with discount rates (combined) of 8, 12 and 15% in 5, 10, 15- and 30-year periods were used to determine the economic value of the functions of these resources. The results showed that for example; With a discount rate of 15% and over a period of 30 years, the economic value of water production and soil protection will reach 4471.82 and 180.730 billion rials, respectively. totally, the economic value of water production and soil protection is 0.35 and 14.17% of the total value of the region.
Mrs Elham Zamani, Dr Behshid Hosseini, Dr Hossein Zabihi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
The analysis and evaluation of rural housing texture requires a wide range of effective factors, environmental and ecological factors are one of the important factors. Sub-climates and so on are among the factors affecting the texture of rural housing. In order to understand the environmental factors and the context of a villagechr('39')s mountainous habitat, the need for long distances and precise manual harvesting requires specific difficulties, including distance, time, cost, and ultimately uncertainty. It brings the quality of the final harvest. On the other hand, due to the increasing trend of rural housing development in recent decades and the lack of coordination of new tissues in terms of density with previous ones, it shows the indifference of these housing to the former housing and the environmental context of the villages. Today, new computational and numerical tools in architecture, with the advent of advanced mathematical knowledge in the field of architecture, have brought new dimensions to this field. Will provide. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of green and dry tissue densities as natural factors on the density of densely populated villages in different climates. This in addition to identifying the density of village textures by emphasizing the comparison of parameters will illuminate new dimensions in the context of village stairs. The simulation analysis tool is a densitometry algorithm based on aerial maps, written by the research authors. The algorithm based on negated aerial maps has the ability to detect natural tissue density in the context of village formation and residential texture. This will reduce the need for physical presence and improve the accuracy of outputs in the analysis of village texture, as well as parameter identification. , The condensation pattern of previous generations into the new generation of housing Will provide a star.
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Volume 17, Issue 45 (9-2017)
Abstract
Majid Yasoori, Seyedeh Fatemeh Emami,
Volume 18, Issue 48 (4-2018)
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate and explain poverty in Saravan village in Rasht city. In this research, survey method and structural equation modeling were used to present a model of based on results of the census in 2011, the number of villages in this district was 7 villages and the number of households was 4283 households. Morgan table was used to determine the sample size of the family heads living in rural areas of Saravan. Finally, 351 questionnaires were selected for family heads, which it was increased to 370 to obtain better results of the questionnaires. The results of a single sample T test indicate that the social and political indices are at good status. However, the T-value of the economic dimension is at the poverty status. The main reason for the poor status of this index is adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables in the household food plan, the inadequacy of housing space for children and the vulnerability of residential against earthquakes and accidents, and the sale of products indirectly through middlemen. It has caused respondents to consider lower scores for this index. According to the findings, the factor load of all items is confirmed in the social, economic and political dimensions.
Hamdollah Sojasi Qidari, Hamide Mahmoodi, Hoori Havvaei,
Volume 18, Issue 49 (5-2018)
Abstract
Higher quality of services provided in the rural areas requires feedback, consulting with villagers, and their active participation in rural development process. Water services are one of the most basic services provided in rural areas. Accordingly, the present study seeks to evaluate the satisfaction level of rural residents with the quality of services provided by Rural Water and Wastewater Company. This study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method, and the population was comprised of 132 households randomly selected from rural residents living in rural areas of Central District of Neyshabur County with an acceptable reliability score. Investigating the relationship between the five dimensions of the study and the individual characteristics indicates that there is a significant relationship between age, gender and education level and satisfaction with quality of the services in sample villages. At the same time, assessing the satisfaction with the quality of water services in sample villages indicates that the quality of water services in sample villages is at a satisfactory level. The analytical results of the confirmatory factor analysis of the research indicators showed the highest percentage of variance of the research dimensions belonged to 'empathy', with 30.91% and the least value of variance belongs to ‘tangible changes’ (21.28%). The spatial analysis of villagers' satisfaction with drinking water supply services in sample villages showed that the village of Sheikhlan with 103.10 Qi had the highest satisfaction level, and the village of Turani with 0.990 Qi had the least satisfaction with the quality of services..
Javad Bazrafshan, Mehrshad Toulabi Nejad, Najmeh Hamli,
Volume 18, Issue 49 (5-2018)
Abstract
This study explored the factors and drivers of livelihood pattern change in rural households through sustainable livelihoods Approach. The study was considered applicable and used a descriptive-analytic method. To collect the data, questionnaire and interview instruments were utilized. The statistical population was Minan rural households in Sarbaz border province (N=4544). Using Cochran’s sampling technique, 354 households were selected as the participants of the study. One sample t-test, chi-square, and logistic model were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that out of 354 respondents, 72.88 % believed their livelihood pattern had changed and 27.12% supposed no change. 15 out of 45 variables under study were considerably effective and had significant relationships with livelihood variable. Economical (0.400), personal (0.360), and geographical isolation (0.312) factors played major roles in this regard. Moreover, it indicated that out of 354 respondents, 39.8% assumed that they had chosen fuel smuggling, 25.4 % goods trading, and 22.9 % service works as a reaction to this livelihood change for the living. Thus, it can be argued that integrated rural livelihood and accessible proper foundations for subsistence outside the farms (such as rural industries) can diversify living and prevent both livelihood change and use of illicit and hazardous activities, for instance, fuel and goods smuggling.
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Hassan Afrakhteh, Mohammad Hajipur, Farhad Javan,
Volume 18, Issue 50 (6-2018)
Abstract
The oil has gradually obtained a predominant place in national economy since 1950 and nowadays, is the main important resource securing country financial needs. Two questions are the base of this research regarding contradiction of oil rent and traditional economic sectors including agriculture and livestock rearing which always have been intensified. These two questions are as follows: what are the impacts of oil wealth distribution among different regions on Iran's rural economic structure? What has been the locational-spatial consequences of this oil wealth distribution on agricultural sector as a main element of Iran's rural economic structure? Research required data have collected based on document study on the country during 2006- 2011. Collected data are analyzed based on Shift-Share Analysis and Gibbs- Martin methods. Result show that there have not been any incentive in the local, regional and national management for strengthening rural economic structure using oil wealth. In addition, absence of industrial sector in rural economic structure with emphasis on agricultural sector both from policy making view and credit securing show that there have not been any logical sight on the political economic system facing rural space economy for development.
Dr Vahid Riahi, Dr Parviz Zeaiean Firouzabadi, Dr Farhad Azizpour, Ms Parastoo Darouei,
Volume 19, Issue 52 (3-2019)
Abstract
The cognition of cropping pattern is important for planning and resource management .Remote sensing as a science and technology of spatial information and geographic information system due to having the analytical facilities can play a key role in determining the distribution of crops and their lands under cultivation. In this research, in order to identify and separate the lands under cultivation of the dominant crops in Lenjanat of Isfahan province, the multi-temporal images of Landsat 8 satellite, OLI sensor were used in the dates of April 17, July 6, and August 23 in 2016. Using maximum likelihood classification and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the agriculture crops in different periods of growth and according to their cropping calendar, the map of the cropping pattern of the area was determined. To evaluate the accuracy of the results, the produced maps were examined with reference data. Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy were 0.88 and 90%, respectively, in maximum likelihood classification, and 0.90 and 93%, respectively, in NDVI. Furthermore, statistics presented by Agricultural Jihad Organization of Isfahan province in the 2015-2016 crop year was used for evaluation. The results showed that there were differences equal to 10.2%, 18.6% and 1.8%, in the area under cultivation of wheat and barley, rice, and potato and forage, respectively, in maximum likelihood classification, comparing with the statistics of Agriculture Jihad while the results of NDVI comparing with Jihad statistics showed the errors equal to 6.6 %, 6.5 % and 3.2%, respectively, that indicated the better performance of temporal vegetation indices in estimation of area under cultivation according to its phenology. Investigation of land use and cropping pattern of this area indicate a high centralization of agricultural lands with high water requirements and industries on the proximity of Zayanderud River which necessitates the spatial analysis of land use in this area.
Dr Mohamad Zaheri, Mr Ali Majnouni-Toutakhane,
Volume 19, Issue 53 (7-2019)
Abstract
The increased use of thermal power plants has led to the spread of greenhouse gases in the air and has caused psychological problems for humans. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to measure the pollutants released by Sahand Bonab thermal power plant and to investigate the effects of this pollution on the psychological and psychological pressure of rural residents. The GWP100 method was used to measure the pollutants of the power plant and to measure the mental and emotional pressures of the citizens, a questionnaire was used to assess the psychological stress of Markham. The statistical population of this study is 10254 people over 15 years of age in 7 villages located in the greenhouse of the power plant. Using formulas and simple random sampling, 375 subjects were selected as sample size. The results showed that the most pollutants released are CO2 and NOx, which is 4.17 times the warm seasons in the seasons. Also, analysis of the results by using a Pearson test showed that six variables including neurological and disturbing variables p= 0.272, stress and psychological stress p= 0.325, feeling of energy decrease, p= 0.287, feeling of despair and disappointment in life p = 0.142, feeling Depression in life of p= 0.211 and change in behavior patterns in everyday life p= 0.269 had the most effect on air pollution. Also, mental and psychological stress in nearby villages was higher than in remote villages, more women than young men than older men and elderly people. The results of multivariate regression and path analysis showed that in general, the air pollution caused by the power plant has the ability to explain R2 = 37.42 percent of the changes related to the psychological and psychological pressure of the villagers. Finally, it can be said that thermal power plants have negative mental and psychological effects according to type of activity, type of age and gender of the villagers, which should be considered in the studies of the construction of power plants.
Zahra Tarasi, Hosin Karimzadeh, Mohsen Aghayari Hir,
Volume 19, Issue 54 (12-2019)
Abstract
While women account for about half the population of rural areas, they have always been considered as vulnerable populations of the community. Considering empowerment and its effective factors can increase their participation in livelihoods and increase their ability to help increase their family income. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the factors and drivers that affect the empowerment of rural women. The present research is a descriptive-analytical one. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire and interviewed with rural women in Zanjan. The statistical population includes rural women in Zanjan city (N = 43559). Using Cochran's formula and quotient sampling, 381 women over 20 years old were selected as samples. Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test and binary logistic regression tests. The results showed that among the 29 variables in the study, 14 variables significantly had a significant relationship with the empowerment of rural women in Zanjan. Accordingly, economic factors (0.1171), psychological (0.197) and personal factors (109.10) had the most effects on empowerment of rural women (dependent variable). The results of this study can be used to identify the factors affecting the empowerment of rural women and removing the barriers related to it in the villages of the region and in general in the villages of the country.
Nafiseh Varkianipor, Doctor Seyed Mohammadreza Hosseini, Doctor Roohalla Samiee, Doctor Majid Shrafi,
Volume 19, Issue 54 (12-2019)
Abstract
Abstract in the late 20th century, it has been a tremendous change in all spheres of business, such as globalization of enhancing competitiveness of information technology development competition attention to the quality of customer and such as these are the administration in the public sector with these serious challenges one of the most important approaches to address these challenges is to address the entrepreneurial debate in society as well as women play an important role in promoting employement and improving the economic situation of the community and it is an important factor in shaping social affairs. First, the analysis of sustainable rural development and sustainable development of women identified by using alpha cronbachs alpha test and sustainable development of rural sustainable development have been used to prioritize the relationship between women's entrepreneurial development and sustainable development of rural sustainable development. Women's activities led to poverty reduction and sustainable rural development.
Vakil Heidari Sarban, Alireza Abdpour,
Volume 19, Issue 54 (12-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors improvement of sustainable livelihoods from the perspective of local people of Ardabil County. First, factors affecting effectiveness improvement of sustainable livelihoods in the study area were identified from the perspective of local elites using semi-structured interviews. To achieve this goal, 35 residents of studied region were interviewed individually with college education and at least a bachelor's degree. In the second step of study, in order to understand and analyze rural communities' perspective of and their theoretical agreement degree with the results of the first step, 39 identified causes were the questionnaire design basis by Likert method. It can be said that studied population in this study consists of all villagers living in rural areas of Ardabil County in 2016 (N= 85053), among which 383 persons were selected as statistical sample using Cochran formula. In order to analyze the data, factor analysis model was used and the results of this model showed the most important factor improvement of sustainable livelihoods from the perspective of local people in studied region includes four components (entrepreneurship and fortification of economical infrastructures, support of demand- side and governmental interventional action, fortification of social capital and social empowerment and environmental management and fortification of physical infrastructures) that explained variance and the cumulative variance by the five factors 60.66. And finally, practical suggestions have been presented according to the results of the study.
D.r Hamid Heidary Mokarrar, Master Hamid Reza Nasimi, B.a Zohreh Ramezanpour,
Volume 19, Issue 55 (12-2019)
Abstract
Various developmental proceedings of conducting guide plans have been considered as one of the main prerequisites for social welfare by providing a basis for comprehensive development and improvement of living conditions in the rural areas and promoting the mental health of villagers. Accordingly, the present research seeks to evaluate the effects of guide plans on the mental health status of villagers in the central part of Darab County. This research is a descriptive-analytic study in which the documentary method used to examine the records and explain the problem, a survey method was used to collect data using observation, interview, and completion of questionnaire among the villagers. Descriptive, inferential and spatial analysis was performed using Excel, SPSS and ArcGIS software to analyze the data. The findings of the study confirm that the executive measures of the conducting guide plans in the studied villages are in a proper level. Accordingly, the quality of implementation of these plans, at a confidence level of 0.99, is correlated with the mental health of the villagers. Also, the results of regression test showed that about 20% of the changes in mental health status of the people living in the studied villages were predicted by the implementation of guide plans. Other results of the research confirm that there is a significant difference between mental health status in all three age groups of men But among women, there is a significant difference between the two age groups of the elderly with young people and middle aged people.
Dr Bahman Shafii, Dr Hamid Barghi, Dr Yusef Ghanbari,
Volume 19, Issue 55 (12-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the social, economic, and environmental effects of drought from the viewpoint of villagers, with the structural equation modeling approach. The purpose of this study is of applied research type, and is essentially a descriptive-correlation research. The population of the study, 1762 heads of households and sample size were determined according to Cochran formula, 316 people. Data analysis was performed using SPSS22 software and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). In this research, the observed variables were obtained for three components: economic, social, and environmental. Three first-factor factor analysis models were designed, measured, and validated for measuring three sub-scale droughts. Finally, the role and effect of observed variables and their triple components derived from the drought, as the main hidden dependent variable, and the relationships between them, were analyzed with the help of a structural model of the factor-factor analysis (CFA) of the quadratic factor of the second order. The results of the fitting and validation of all three models of drought measurement, and the realization of goals, as well as the quadratic model of second order, were evaluated based on the data for drought evaluation. Finally, drought affected by socioeconomic and social indicators of 0. 97, and environmental index was 0. 87, so the drought in the studied villages areas had the greatest impact on economic and social indicators, and As a result, it has been placed on an environmental index.
Amin Kooshki, Mr Mehrshad Toulabi Nejad,
Volume 20, Issue 56 (3-2020)
Abstract
In this research, the development of cross-border cooperation (CBC) to study the factors and stimuli affecting the stability of the ::::union:::: in the border regions were discussed. The aim of the present study, functional and combination method (qualitative and quantitative) is. The data-gathering tool was a questionnaire and interview. The statistical community included various experts in the fields of political science, geography, economics, sociology, law enforcement experts, governorate and governorate in Sistan and Baluchestan province. Using a targeted sampling, 70 experts were selected. For analysis of data, descriptive tests and binary logistic regression model (LM-Newton-Marcard-Raphson method) were used. The results showed that in the area of planning for unity in Sistan and Baluchestan except for the determination of the right of the Hirmand River in the Sistan region, which was concluded with the country over a period of time, the plan was not approved or implemented, and among the five factors Economic, social, cultural-religious, institutional-structural and political security, three economic factors (0.478), political-security (0.473) and cultural-religious (0.363) have the most effect on the stability of unity of border regions in Studied area. The results of this study can be used to develop border cooperation cooperation and coherence stability in different border regions of Iran.
Dr Saadi Mohammadi, Dr Askandar Moradi, Sharmin Hosaini,
Volume 20, Issue 56 (3-2020)
Abstract
The horizontal and urban growth of the past few generations, due to the dominance of the centralized planning system in the country, has led, in accordance with the principle of village-to-city interconversions, that many villages located around cities have undergone numerous changes and changes in the indicator status Of development. These changes, in addition to having positive aspects in most cases, have had a negative impact on the sustainable development of rural areas located in the vicinity of these cities. In the current applied research, a quantitative and qualitative approach with a spatial and descriptive-analytic approach has been carried out. The main objective of this research is to identify the consequences of the Marivan Creep phenomenon on the changes in the development status of the surrounding villages, Over the last few decades, physical development has been speeding up. Data gathering in the theoretical part of the documentary and in the field was conducted by a survey method based on an interview with the local people and the locals to identify the outcomes, and then the classical distribution of the questionnaire among the studied villages and simple random among 203 households supervised by The Cochran formula was determined by volume, 30 from local development experts and observers of the status quo, in order to generalize the findings from the interviews. The results of analyzing the data with the fundamental theory of the technique in the qualitative section and the single-sample t-test in the quantitative section showed that the urban creep phenomenon, in addition to limited positive consequences in improving the physical condition, caused social deficiencies, failure Economic problems, inadequate visual quality, natural environment degradation and institutional management failures in the development of villages studied.
Mr Ghorbanali Karimi Dehkordi, Phd Rahmatollah Monshizadeh, Phd Bijan Rahmani,
Volume 20, Issue 56 (3-2020)
Abstract
The rapid expansion of cities and their uneven physical growth, so-called "urban creep", have corrupted the villages and their surrounding lands, causing irregular conversion of agricultural lands and degradation of environmental resources. This situation has also been widespread in Shahrekord, the capital of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The purpose of this descriptive-survey research is to determine the physical developments of rural settlements around Shahrekord with emphasis on urban sprwal. The statistical population is household heads of rural areas (15000 people). Using the Krejcie and Morgan table, 400 individuals were selected. The tool used is a researcher-made questionnaire on three dimensions of economic, social, cultural and environmental physical consequences. Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test and Friedman test. The results show that the consequences of urban sprawl are respectively environmental-physical consequences (3/98), economic consequences (3/96) and socio-cultural consequences (3/89 (. The most important environmental-physical consequences are increased environmental pollution, destruction of traditional architecture, destruction of biodiversity; major economic consequences of stock markets and rising land and housing prices, diminishing villagers' reluctance to productive activities (agriculture and livestock), capital flight from villages And their savings in the city and the rising cost of living amidst the socio-cultural consequences of luxury and the tendency to consume luxury goods, reduce solidarity and participation, crowding and crowding in cities, modeling of life and urbanization culture. have been.
Dr Hamdolah Sojasi Qedari, Miss Hamide Mahmoodi, Miss Mahboobe Shirmohamadi,
Volume 20, Issue 57 (6-2020)
Abstract
Training is one of the most convenient, and fastest ways to enable a society. Rural administrators are no exception; therefore, in order to achieve sustainable rural development, it is essential to enable Dehyars (rural administrators) through education and training courses. Accordingly, to improve Dehyar’s performance, they are provided with some training courses held by various organizations dealing with rural issues. Therefore, measuring the quality of training services is a prerequisite for improving the quality of training services and their performance. The research was conducted in a descriptive-analytic method. The population was comprised of all Dehyars in Nasrabad District, Torbat-e-Jam County. Nevertheless, due to small number of the participants, all Dehyars were included in the study. According to the results of the correlation test, both dimensions of ‘expectations’ and ‘perceptions’ have a positive and significant relationship with the individual characteristics of the Dehyars. The results of single sample t-test indicate that the mean of respondents' views in two dimensions of perceptions and expectations from training services is moderate to high. Further, according to the gap analysis (using the SERVQUAL model), in all aspects of the quality of training services, there is a negative gap between the perceptions and expectations of the Dehyars from training services. Nevertheless, the most important component which met the expectations of Dehyars about training services was related to accountability dimension; therefore, it is proposed to reduce the gap through organizing the workshops and training courses in an independent location with adequate equipment for the staff and instructors. It is also recommended to consult the Dehyars to see what courses they need.
Dr Hossein Farahani, Mis Mina Alvandi,
Volume 20, Issue 58 (10-2020)
Abstract
The migration of young people and the aging of rural communities, for reasons such as poverty and unemployment, will create a lot of need for identifying new approaches to the survival of rural communities. Small business entrepreneurship has an important role in reducing poverty and, ultimately, rural development. However, this kind of entrepreneurship faces many challenges in terms of environmental, economic and ... The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges of entrepreneurship in improving entrepreneurship, creating employment and sustainable income through setting up small businesses. The present research is aimed at applying the field of observation and control, and in terms of the nature and method of descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study consisted of rural households living in Bijar. According to the census of 1395, the population of this city was 89,162 persons, which according to the distribution of 44% of the rural population and 56% of the city. There are also 283 rural villages in the seaside district, among which 12 villages have entrepreneurship and 244 of them are households using the modified Cochran formula. Data gathering method was library and field questionnaire (questionnaire). In this questionnaire, individuals were asked to identify the importance of each of the identified challenges in rural small business based on the options of this spectrum (high, high, medium, low, and very low) based on the Likert spectrum. Structural Equation Modeling (Factor Analysis) has been used for analyzing data in Amos software. The results of the research show that all challenges in the entrepreneurship of small businesses have been affected, but economic factors with factor load of 0.91 have the highest impact among existing challenges and the individual and social challenges with factor load are 0.23 and 0.28, respectively. The least load has been the factor.
