Showing 52 results for Subject: Geomorphology
Mr Arsalan Mehrvarz, Dr Agil Madadi, Dr Fariba Esfandyari, Mr Masoud Rahimi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
The morphology of river is one of the issues in geomorphology, engineering and river management. The marginal sections of the rivers have always been subject to the riverbed due to the special social and economic conditions. The Dare Ourt River is one of the permanent rivers in Ardabil province. In recent years, there have always been floods and changes in the morphology of the duct. In this study, the Dare Ourt river was analyzed using Rosegen model at levels one and two. The main data required for this study include: 1: 2000 river topographic maps, hydrometric data and boundary conditions (Ardabil Regional Water Authority). The HEC-RAS hydrodynamic model was also used to more accurately extract the main indices of the Rosegen model. The results showed that most parts of the river have a C6c type with alluvial substrate and other dominant types observed in the four studied ranges include B6c-E6b-F6-D types. Also, the results of field visits indicate a change in the type of river type D range 4 from type C to type F, which is difficult due to the fact that reconstruction and restoration of the river in type F is difficult. Recommended restrictions on the type F is prevented from turning the river.
Dr Esmaeil Najafi, Mr Abolfazl Faraji Monfared, Dr Mehdi Ahmadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
The expansion of arid and semi-arid regions in Iran has caused that most of the mentioned phenomena to be seen in the study area. Alluvial Fans are the landforms that are spread in different areas.
Identifying the productive processes and assessment of their effects can help to manage natural hazards, as well as help the land use planning. In the present study, the tectonic activity at the surface of alluvial fans in the south of Kharqan Mountain in the northeast of Hamadan province was studied. The studied Alluvial Fans were located in the south of the Kharqan Mountain in the northeast of Hamadan province. First, the process of development of Alluvial Fans in the area using different maps was investigated (consisting of two Gozel Valley, Celery conifers, and several small Alluvial Fans), and the available evidence on the tectonics of alluvial Fans in the area were studied. The obtained results of the research show that in parts of area such as the eastern of the gozel valley cones the tectonics is active, and the areas such as alluvial Fans that be located between the Gozel Valley was inactive. Other evidence in the bed of the Gozel Alluvial Fans shows the changes in terrain due to the activity of faults in the eastern part of the study area, which changed the pattern of waterway movement in the riverbed and led to the destruction and exploration of the river. Also, the drainage pattern and sediment depth at the surface of alluvial fans were due to tectonic activities in alluvial fans. The prepared geological logos show the slow and active periods in different geological periods in the region. Therefore, it started with a long slow period, then continued with tectonic activities and fluctuations.
Dr Mitra Saberi, Dr Amir Karam, Parviz Zeaiean, Ali Ahmadabadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
many geomorphic landforms have fractal structures and their formation and transformation can be explained by mathematical relations. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the fractal behavior of landforms of macro geomorphologic regions of Iran,as well as studying and analyzing topographic and landform characteristics based on fractal relationships, and also, analyzing the characteristics of dominant geomorphologic processes based on the theory of fractals. In this study, the contour lines of different landforms of Iran (according to the territorial types) including mountains,hills, plateaus, Plain Domains, Fan Breakout, fan alluvial, for pixel sizes of 30,90,200 m, were drawn and their fractal dimension was estimated by using the box-counting method. The morphometric characteristics of the landforms and their fractal dimensions with indexes (max, mean and standard deviation) related to the five variables (height, gradient, profile curvature and planar curvature of the metric) were analyzed by Arc GIS software at each layer.After investigating their correlation with the fractal dimension, the regression analysis was performed binary and the relationship between the fractal dimension,topography, landforms and processes was analyzed. The fractal dimension has the highest correlation coefficient with the gradient and the standard deviation indices, and the lowest coefficient with the profile curvature and the mean index Moreover, for larger pixel sizes, the correlation coefficient decreases between the indices and the fractal dimension.This research can provide a ground for further research on fractal geometry in geography, geomorphology, geology, environment and other Earth sciences.
Tahereh Karimi, Amir Karam, Parviz Zairean Firuzabadi, Seyyed Mohammad Tavakkoli Sabour,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Abstract
Every year slope hazards and landslides cause significant damage in the mountainous areas of Iran, including the eastern Alamut region in Qazvin province. Recently, radar data has been widely used to detect ground surface movements, slope slow motions, and active landslides. In the present study, using the Sentinel 1A satellite descending data in the period from 2018 to 2020, with the Small Baseline Subset (SBaS-InSAR) and also with the digital elevation model (DEM) difference methods, slope motions and Earth surface displacements have been extracted to provide the important goal of detecting new and active landslides and updating the landslide map to predict landslide risk. Results show that in the SBaS model, which was validated with GPS data, field visits and Google Earth images, accuracy was relatively good (AUC = 0.78), and the average annual movement during this period was estimated at -48.6 to 40.2 mm and fourteen landslide zones in the region, are identified among which some of the previous landslides are still active. To detect the landslide that occurred in Khobkuh on April 3rd, 2020, DEM difference model estimated the surface changes between -1.62 to 2.75 meters and differential interferometry model estimated the displacement rate in this area from -25 to 70 mm. These methods have many advantages for estimating the Earth surface displacement, subsidence and landslides, determining vulnerable areas in mountainous areas and reducing financial and human losses.
Tahereh Karimi, Amir Karam, Parviz Zeaiean Firuzabadi, Seyyed Mohammad Tavakkoli Sabour,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Abstract
The catchment area of Alamut River in Qazvin province is witnessing numerous landslide hazards and landslides every year, which cause significant economic and sometimes life-threatening losses. Diagnosing the unstable areas of slopes through soil texture characteristics is a difficult task due to the difficulties of obtaining soil samples in mountainous areas. For this reason, in the present study, by using Sentinel A1 radar data, by determining the percentage of clay and sand in the soil, the soil texture map at the depths of 10, 60, 100 and 200 cm with two random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms was produced in the eastern Alamut region, which was verified with soil profile samples. The results indicated that the Kappa index was more accurate in the RF model at three depths of 10, 60 and 100 cm. Then, by extracting the soil moisture map from Sentinel 2 data, at the same time as examining the internal friction angle of the types of soils in the region, comparing the slope and profile of the slopes and the shape of the convex (divergent) and concave (convergent) slopes, the unstable areas of slope movements, RF and SVM models were specified and validated with GPS data, field visits and Google Earth. Research findings show that the instability map resulting from the RF model has a higher accuracy (AUC=0.93) than the instability map resulting from the SVM model (AUC=0.90) and there is more instability in areas with medium to high slope and with soil texture of sandy clay loam and sandy loam. . This method has many advantages in preparing the soil texture map, determining the unstable areas of the slopes against mass movements and landslides, determining the vulnerable areas in mountainous areas and reducing financial and human losses.
Ph.d Elnaz Piroozi, Ph.d Sayyad Asghari Saraskanrood, Ph.d Batool Zeinali,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Landslides are among the most common and destructive natural hazards that change the shape of the earth's surface, and reviewing the damages caused by landslides, the need to investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of this phenomenon and predict its occurrence. proves that Khalkhal City, due to its special geological, climatic, and geomorphological characteristics and human activities, has been affected by the risk of landslides for a long time. Therefore, considering the importance of the issue; The purpose of this research is to produce a landslide risk map in this city. In this regard, first, the distribution map of landslides and influencing variables, including; DEM, slope, aspect, land use, lithology, distance from fault, distance from river, distance from road, and rainfall were provided. Next, after the fuzzy membership and determining the weight values of each factor using the CRITIC method, the landslide susceptibility map was prepared using the MARCOS multi-criteria decision-making method. The results of the study showed, respectively; that The factors of slope, land use, and lithology with weight coefficients of 0.148, 0.139, and 0.132 have the greatest influence on the occurrence of landslides in the region. According to the results of the research, respectively; 707.14 and 512.87 square kilometers of the area of the city are in high-risk and very high-risk categories, and these areas are areas that need management work and the implementation of protection projects. Also, considering the use of the ROC curve method the area under the curve (0.89), and the correlation of 0.83% between the final map obtained from the research and the distribution of sliding surfaces, the accuracy of the MARCOS method in identifying and zoning prone areas The risk of landslides in Khalkhal city is great.
Alireza Jafarzadeh Estalkhkouhi, Parviz Rezaei,
Volume 17, Issue 44 (6-2017)
Abstract
Among the various processes that destroy lands, soil erosion is a complex and hazardous environmental process that constitutes a serious threat to preservation of soil and water resources in Iran and has inflicted its negative effects on the vital ecosystem with the intensified utilization of nature by human beings. The present descriptive and analytic research employed the PSIAC model to study erosion and compare it with other empirical methods and models by investigating the effects of nine important and influential factors in soil erosion and sediment production in various parts of the Sefidrood Basin through giving intra-layer numerical scores to them. Erosion and landform zoning maps and also zoning maps for the nine factors were then extracted. Results indicated that 77 percent of the lands in the plain landforms faced very little erosion and 23 percent little erosion, 14 percent of the lands in the mountainside landforms were exposed to very high erosion rates, 55 percent with high erosion rates, and 31 percent with average and low erosion rates, and 17 percent of the lands in the mountain landforms experienced very high erosion rates, 58 percent high erosion rates, and 25 percent average erosion rates. In other words, the rates of erosion changed from low in the plain landforms to very high in the mountain landforms. This implies that pastures and natural resources are confronted with numerous problems. In general, considering the study carried out on the nine influential factors in the soil erosion model (the PSIAC model), we notice that the mountainside and mountainous regions are more sensitive to erosion and influential factors in erosion are more active in these regions.
, ,
Volume 17, Issue 45 (9-2017)
Abstract
18 - Ayalew. L. Yamagishi. H. Marui. H & Kanno. T. (2005). "Landslides in Sado Island of Japan: Part II. GIS-based susceptibility mapping with comparisons of results from two methods and verifications.", Engineering Geology 81. (2005). 432– 445.
19 - Ayalew,l. and Yamagishi, H. (2005):
The application of GIS –based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yaahiko Mountanins, central Japan, Geomorphology 65,15-31.
20 - Atkinson, P., Massari, R (2011).
Logistic modeling susceptibility to land sliding in the Apennines, Italy Geomorphology.Vol.130.
21- Cornforth, D., H., 2005,
"Landslides in practice: investigation, analysis, and remedial/preventative options in soils", Wiley, 1ed, 624 pp
.
22 -Chen, Zhaohua. Wang, Jinfei (2007).
Landslide hazard mapping using logistic regressionmodel in Mackenzie Valley, Canada. Geomorphology, Vol.42.
23 - Dai, F. C.& Lee, c. f. (2002):
Landslide characteristics and slop instability modeling using GIS.Lantau,Hong Kong Gemorphology 42, 213-228.
24 - Das, I., Sahoo. S, Westen, A. Stein, A. Hack, A. (2010).
Lanslidesusceptibility assessment using logistic regression and its comparison with a rock mass classification system, along road section in the northern Himalayas (India). Geomorphology, Vol.1147.
25 - Gregory C.Ohlmacher, John C. Davis (2003).
Using multiple logistic regression and GIS technology to predict landslide hazard in northeast Kansas, USA. Geomorphology,Vol 69.
26 - Hosseinzadeh, M., Servati, M. R., and Mansouri, A. 2009.
Zonation of Mass Movements Occurring Risk using Logistic Regression Model. IRAN Geology Quarterly, 3 (11): 27-37. (in Per.)
27 - Lee, S. 2007.
Application and Verification of Fuzzy Algebraic Operators to Landslide Susceptibility Mapping. Environment Geology, 52: 615-623. (In Eng.)
28 -Menard. S. (1995) Applied logistic regression analysis. Sage university Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in Social Sciences, vol. 106. Thousand Oaks. California. 98 pp.
29- Parthian, B., Lee, S. (2010).
Landslide susceptibility assessment and factor effect analysis: bad propagation artificial neural networks and comparison with frequency ratio and bivariate logistic regression modeling. Geomorphology, Vol. 25.
Shahram Bahrami, Nadia Baghaei,
Volume 18, Issue 48 (4-2018)
Abstract
Landforms and geomorphological processes is the most important factors that affecting dispersion and quality of building materials. Case study, consisting of both new and old alluvial fans is located in the West of the city of Sabzevar. The aim of this study was to investigate the process of freezing and thawing in the durability and quality of materials taken from the alluvial fans old and new. To achieve this goal, we dug four wells in different parts of new and old of fans. The examples of large and small stones from the depths of one meter, two meters, three meters and four, wells were removed. Then to measure resistance of material, against freezing and thawing, freezing and thawing tests were performed on all samples. According to the test on three outcomes for this study was obtained. First: weight loss of samples of the new fans of head is greater, compared with other samples are taken because of the waters. Second, samples of the new fans head because the waters have greater weight loss compared with other samples are taken. Therefore, samples of new fans is fine-grained as possible. Thirdly, if the target is high-quality materials, best materials is made of metamorphic minerals, such as andesite and pyroxene.
Tayebeh Kiani, Mohsen Pourbashir Hir,
Volume 18, Issue 49 (5-2018)
Abstract
The Rivers and the Canals are a completely dynamic system and their morphological patterns has been changed continuously over the time, which sometimes lead to erosion and damage to coastal facilities and border displacement. Therefore, its hydrologic behavior should always be considered. Iran has several border rivers with its neighbors that its necessary be studied of wise “the bed change approach. In this research, the Balehradud Border River, which forms 62 km from Iran's border with the Republic of Azerbaijan in Ardebil province, be studied based on the substitution approach by studying the hydromorphic indices of the Sinuosity coefficient, bending radius and central angle for the period 1955 and 2016 respectively using the map of Protocol 1/25000 and satellite imagery of ETM. And the indexes were calculated in AutoCAD and Arc maps software. The results show that the Meandering pattern has become more intense over the period of 61 years and the rate of river bed changes has been very high. As for the Sinuosity coefficient, the number of curves of river increase to 857 in year 2016 than 591 bends in year 1955 which indicates a significant change in river morphology. The values of curvature radius in the whole range confirm the existence of approximately the same arch along the river's path. This indicator for year 1955 shows that upstream have more meandering from downstream and versa this mode for the year 2016. Which can be due to climatic and tectonic changes. Also, a number of factors such as human interactions, climatic conditions, vegetation, loose tissue, are involved in the River bed change. It is important to take protective measures, such as stabilizing the coast and increasing vegetation and preventing the dumping of the river.
Parviz Kardavani, Farideh Asadian, Mohammad Reza Fallah,
Volume 18, Issue 51 (7-2018)
Abstract
Indiscriminate exploitation of underground aquifers shahriar Plain loss of ground water in the region has created. Water penetration can increase the volume of groundwater reservoir and reduce the loss of it. One way of artificial recharge of aquifers, infiltration of water from riverbeds or running water. In this study, we have tried By examining the characteristics of Karaj River and its flood flows, parameters infiltration GIS examined, For this purpose, The different factors affecting this environment GIS to prepare maps of each factor was prepared. Then using acquired the weight of each layer map by weighted factors to locate the combine And using Boolean logic final map in two classes and is not appropriate was prepared. by matching the map obtained with the river Karaj identified were Due to Construction Dam Amir Kabir And the supply of drinking water in Tehran harvest Abundant by pools traditional and modern Drbaladst Karaj River, Karaj River with flood flows its role Lower in improving groundwater Shahriar Plain is capable.
Dr Mohammad Mahdi Hoseinzadeh, Dr , Mis Sepide Imeni,
Volume 18, Issue 51 (7-2018)
Abstract
The process of precipitation – runoff of each basin, is influenced by hydrologic, geomorphology conditions, geological formation and vegetation. There are different methods in drainage basins. One way to estimate the runoff height is Curve Number (CN) method. That reperesents the hydrological behavior of basin. data were collected for statistics of climate and then topographic map of 1: 25000 and geological map of 1: 100000 by GSI was used. Smada software for calculate the short – term rainfall at different return periods. As well as Arc GIS software for mapping Curve Number by combining maps of land use, soil hydrological groups and moisture of soil with using the table of America Soil Conservation Service (SCS). And then modeling related in the GIS mappings of runoff height of Hesarak catchment was prepared. The aim of this study, was to determine Curve Number and estimate runoff coefficient and maximum discharge runoff with SCS method in various units catchment is. The results showed, hydrologic condition and soil hydrological groups are the most important parameters to determine the CN and affect on runoff. The most potential for runoff is in downstream of basin that specified with urban land use. Also average weight of Curve Numbers those obtained for each sub catchments, Chapdareh sub catchment (S2) with 88 Cure Number and mean of runoff 28.15 mm had the highest volume of runoff, Dochenaran sub catchment (S3) with 89.3 Curve Number and mean of runoff 24.54 mm and sub catchment of the twin branches (S1) with 90.1 Curve Number and mean of runoff 17.36 mm had The lowest amount of runoff probability and spill potential. But in general potential runoff in this basin is relatively high. The maximum amount of runoff Curve Number in condition of high humidity is 99 and 78 is the lowest.
Dr Tayebeh Kiani, Mr. Mohamad Fatholahzadeh,
Volume 19, Issue 52 (3-2019)
Abstract
The karst areas refers to individual areas that shaped by the dissolution of bedrock and subsurface drainage grid development and are connected mainly with limestone. The karstic formations outcrop 20 percent of the land surface of the planet is covered that 11 percent of Iran are part of this 20% is included. The ZAGROS region of origin karstic formations in the country that the formation of karst forms and numerous caves in the area attest to this claim. Overall creation and development of karst geomorphology, the formation of karstic aquifers are karstic systems. In fact karstic aquifers, underground reservoirs that store water in a web of interlocking joints and cracks, caves and canals. The karst can be effective ways to develop into three categories: physical, chemical and hydrogeologic studies divided that role of lithology and its properties, weather conditions and hydrological and structural factors such as faults and fissures, and slope area are of particular importance. In this study, characteristics OSHTORANKUH region of karst processes and the formation of karstic aquifers were examined and to do so using the AHP model the effect of weight each criterion was determined in karst area. Then, using the SAW model )is a subset of multiple criteria decision-making methods( Zoning areas prone to karstic aquifers OSHTORANKUH software was Arc GIS 10.3 and defining the center of the southern slopes of the western and north-eastern slopes of the mountain that are consistent with carbonate formation, the intersection of active faults and are the focus of surface runoff ,it also has a gentle slope than other parts of the region, have Better and more suitable conditions for the formation of karst processes karstic aquifers. The adaptation of the area most prone to the aquifer karst springs evidence of the correct zoning of the area is karstic aquifers.
Dr Amjad Maleki, Dr Sajad Bageri, Master Sara Mataee,
Volume 19, Issue 52 (3-2019)
Abstract
Vulnerability assessment and mapping of hazard pollution is raised on as an important management strategy to protect the karst. Karstic aquifers in semi-arid regions of the West of Iran with regard to the natural conditions of the region, are susceptible to contamination. Estimation of amount and vulnerability mapping of aquifers in the karst religion of Bistoun- Paraw – Kermanshah plain against poullution emissions using the COP model are theaims of this study. This model using of three parameters - covering layer (O), concentration of flow (C) and regime of precipitation (P) - assesses the vulnerability of karst water resources against pollution. The results show that %31/4of the area has located in the zone of average vulnerability and %30/7of area has been in the low vulnerability area and %37/9of the area has taken a very low vulnerabilities value. The later zone has been included most part of the plain. Major areas of low and moderate vulnerabilityzones has been located in the high part of the area on wherethe developed limestone territory of karst formations is found. Vegetation cover of these regions areforest-steppe vegetation where is located in the low vulnerability zone and without vegetation cover where is in the moderate vulnerability zones. The latest has over 800 mm Precipitation. Totally, the Parameters that have most important role in vulnerability level in the areaare C, P and O respectively.
Najmeh Shafiei, Mohamad Ali Zanganeh Asadi, Javad Jamalabadi, Zeinab Mojarrad Titkanlo,
Volume 19, Issue 52 (3-2019)
Abstract
In evaluating and studying natural phenomena, we sometimes encounter certain seemingly independent forms and processes and phenomena that are related to each other and can be analyzed through a series of mathematical equations and correlations, but sometimes paired phenomena It is found that they have certain relations with each other, but these relationships can not be called correlation, but their relationship has caused them to be presented as a double (a type of conjugacy) and they would appear to be opposing reactions in terms of collocation. The tectonic changes, especially the neonate movements, and its effects and consequences on groundwater reserves of these types of reactions. The purpose of this study is to investigate causes of groundwater drops in the framework of geodetic theory. With regard to the fact that in recent years, the water level in the northern plain of Mangasani has fallen sharply. Undoubtedly, non-structural activities in the region, along with other influential factors (uncontrolled harvesting of groundwater resources, droughts, etc.), can be attributed to The title is one of the main causes of water loss in the region. For this purpose, with the aim of evaluating the tectonic activity of the area, some geomorphic indices such as basin shape index (BS), drainage asymmetry index (AF), inverse topographic symmetry (T), mountain front sinus index (J), hypersonic integral (Hi), Valley Depth Wide Index (VF), River Sinusity Index (S), Longitudinal River Gradient (SL), Relative Tactical Rating Index (Iat), and Hierarchical Anomalies Index (Δa) have been used. The results show that the whole basin is dynamic in terms of tectonic activity. The tectonic situation in the range and the results of statistical data indicate a change in the level of groundwater table as a result of tectonic changes in the southern plain of Nur Abad, as evidenced by the fact that the depth of the station was 89 meters less than 82 meters The highest drop in the Khomeghar well is about 26 meters in the southern part of the basin, in line with Kazeroon's active fault.
Mr Asdollah Hejazi, Mrs Fatemeh Khodaie Geshlag, Mrs Leila Khodaie Geshlag,
Volume 19, Issue 53 (7-2019)
Abstract
Varkesh
-Chai River with approximately 69 kilometer and north-south trend, in one of the main and permanent rivers of Tabriz city, That 10 villages with worn out texture have established in its main bed. Field studies show that, villages’development has been without knowing the rules governing hydraulic behavior, prediction of river hydrological behavior, and no respecting the main bed of river, it has been conserved to the agricultural land or garden. Lack of knowledge and attention to the above-mentioned cases and river bed manipulation has increased the vulnerability of villages, agricultural land or other human facilities of the flood risk in the catchment area. Therefore, it is necessary to study the areas potential to the flood occurrence and to prepare floodplain maps in district. In present study, flood levels were determined along the main river, during the return periods of 25 and 50 years. For this purpose, geography information systems (GIS) and HEC_RAS model and HEC_GEO_RASextension were usedto simulate earth geometry, river plans, left and right rivers shores, and flow rate obtained then, the villages exposed to flood with these return peaks were identified and then, hydraulic behavior of the river was simulated. Finally, solution to reduce the damages caused by flood along the main river were identified.
Dr. Mohammad Javad Vahidi, Dr. Rasoul Mirabbasi,
Volume 19, Issue 53 (7-2019)
Abstract
In order to protect soil and water resources should be identified erodible areas of watersheds, to be able to prevent land degradation and to control erosion in the form of soil conservation planning or watershed management. Therefore, the present study aimed to classification and delineation of susceptible areas to water erosion in the Hervi watershed using Hjulstrom curve, has been conducted. Increasing of accuracy, speed and facility of spatial achievement, using GIS technology, are advantages of the present study. In this study, were separated 10 sub-watersheds based on the feeding levels of streams. Spatial variability of soil properties in sub-watersheds, such as texture and the mean diameter size of the particles using hydrometer method were measured; also the maximum potential velocity of outlet in sub-watersheds based on the characteristics of each sub-watershed were calculated. Then, status of erosion and sediment in watersheds and sub-watersheds was studied using Hjulstrom curve (based on the mean diameter size of sediment particles and the maximum potential velocity of outlet), and was comparatively classified in term of erodibility. Finally, delineation map of susceptible regions to water erosion in the study area were obtained. The results revealed that the upstream and side areas of the watershed including: Sub-watershed No.4 (8.94% of the land), has very high erodibility, and Sub-watersheds No.1 and No.9 (36.94% of the land) have high erodibility. These areas are steep and often devoid of vegetation or have poor vegetation (such as poor pastures and rain-fed farming); so, it is necessary a proper strategy to prevent further erosion.
Miss Leila Montaseri, Dr Abolghasem Amir Ahmadi, Dr Mohammad Ali Zangeneh Asadi,
Volume 19, Issue 55 (12-2019)
Abstract
Abstract
In this research, to review the role of geomorphological phenomena has been discussed in the change of chemical quality of water in the part of geography the north east of the country. Geomorphological phenomenon discussed in this research is marly hills that is result of volcanic-sedimentary activities of geological tertiary and is discussed the role of chemical effects this hills in mudding water one of the rivers current in its area (Kalateh-Sadat river in west Sabzevar) to irrigate agricultural lands around this river, that slang term to it "water-coloring" they say. In this study, methods of field observation, interview with local farmers, sampling and analysis of water and physicochemical experiments have been used. The results of tests and comparative the chemical quality of clear water and muddy water showed that the rate of deposition percent (turbidity), total hardness (concentration of calcium and magnesium) and water salinity (Electrical Conductivity) is higher in muddy water; but statistical analysis and diagramming Schuler & Wilcox and classification of SSP and SAR determined that this increase is not as critical and dangerous and the quality of potable and agricultural water of Kalateh Sadat river and even its total hardness is in favorable condition and well. In other words, marly hills and water mudding does not cause of significant changes in water chemical quality of river; Therefore, can be used of muddy water for irrigating agricultural land.
Javad Jamalabadi, Mahammad Salmanimoghaddam, Ali Shekari Badi, Marzieh Nodeh,
Volume 19, Issue 55 (12-2019)
Abstract
Temporary resettlement of the population after the earthquake is considered as a pivotal element of crisis management. The selection of suitable centers for the establishment of citizens can have a significant role in rescue and rescue services after the earthquake. The purpose of this study was to identify potential spots for the construction of shelters and temporary accommodation of the population during the occurrence of a possible earthquake. This research is applied in terms of its purpose. The method of study is descriptive-analytical and documentary. Firstly, using the Delphi method, 16 main and effective criteria for locating these centers were identified in the framework of six clusters including access to the communication network, natural features, spatial characteristics, consistent uses, risk management and demographic performance. Then, using the experts' opinions and the network analysis process, the final weight of each criterion was determined. The most important parameters in this research are population density indexes, grade 1 arterial pathways, and suitable area. Finally, by combining the layers of all indicators, a map of the temporary population settlements was prepared in Sabzevar city. The results of the research show that the lack of suitable spaces, including parks and open spaces for temporary accommodation of citizens in Sabzevar city, is quite evident. At the same time, the points of the city, which have adequate open spaces and are compatible with the surrounding land uses, have a relatively better potential for deployment. Accordingly, the best places for temporary accommodation of the population after the earthquake in Sabzevar, including the Eram Park in the north, Imam Reza Park and the Football Stadium in Southeastern City, Shahr-e Basi, National Park and Shariati Conservatory in the city center, tourist hostel, Green spaces and sports grounds in the west, and finally technical and vocational schools in the city of Tohid. In order to improve the conditions in the aftermath of the earthquake, some suggestions are presented in this study.
Doc Maryam Ilanloo, Doc Amir Karam,
Volume 20, Issue 56 (3-2020)
Abstract
The destruction of the rivers and, consequently, the need to reconstruct them, is one of the known important problems in throughout the world. However, suitable methods for assessing the morphological changes (morphology) associated with this action, as well as the cognition of the effect of the morphological factors in order to intervention in the process of river reconstruction, are still being explored. The JAJROOD and LATYAN-dam areas in the north east of Tehran due to the pleasant weather have always been and are in Eco tourists and nature interested people noteworthy. For this reason, during the recent decades and because of human manipulations, the JAJROOD River basin and its margins have been heavily affected. Hence the study of hydro morphological changes in this river is strongly needed. The object of this research is to evaluate the hydro morphological conditions of one part of JAJROOD River using the MQI method. Accordingly, Landsat 8 satellite images of 2018 and Landsat 4 in 1976 were prepared and were take placed several field observations. The results of the research show that all areas of the region are in poor and very weak conditions regarded to the MQI method. These problems are caused by the cutting of trees in order to create human structures, harvesting sand, creating numerous promenades along the river's estuaries and changing the river pattern.
