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Landslide mapping is one of the approaches (which can be) used to define the slope stable critical areas and the maps prepared based on this demarcating are used in desining sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to compare the landslide susceptibility mapping models based on Fuzzy logic, Information value and area Density applied in the Chamsangar watershed. According to the tectonic and Iran old basins divisions, this basin is a part of folded Zagros. To study the stability of slopes in the Chamsang field, in first step the sliding point and subsequent distribution maps of landslide were prepared using satellite images and field visits (recording the sliding points by GPS). in this study, Landslide-related factors such slope, aspect, altitude, lithology, rainfall, landuse and distance from the road and drainage used in the landslide susceptibility analyses. To assess and classify was there models outputs the Sum of Quality (QS) index used. Results show that area Density model with QS=1.85 is the more suitable than Information value model with QS=1.60 and Fuzzy logic with QS=0.554 based on the out put of the area Density model, the 36.31, 44.78, 16.62, 1.65, and 0.63 percent of the area is located in very low, low, medium, high and very high risk classes, respectively.

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Proper climate and adequate knowledge tourism and can be as an attractive or unpleasant factor for tourists. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the tourism climate of Yazd province as one of the most important provinces in the arid regions of the country. For determining the tourism presence comfort in the Yazd province, Tourism Climate Index (TCI) was used. In order to investigate tourism climate index data from 17 meteorological stations was used. Then by calculation sub-indexes and TCI, zoning of TCI and sub-indexes for Yazd province was done with ArcGIS environment. The results showed that October, May, November and April are the best months for tourism activities in Yazd province, and January, July, February and December have the lowest average of TCI index respectively. The most changes in TCI occurs in July and the lowest changes is in October. According to Scott & McBoyle classification, the TCI annual classification shows that Yazd province is placed in two classes: Bi-modal shoulder peak and Dry season peak. Generally, the mountainous area with an altitude of more than 2,700 to 3,000 meters and their surrounding areas when rainfall and lower temperatures is not a limiting factor have the best tourism conditions in the dry season. Other areas with less height of 2700 to 3000 meters have the best climatic conditions for tourism in the spring and autumn.
 

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The aim of this research is to identify and prioritize impact factors of service quality in Tourism Industry. Today, Tourism knows as the most important factors for incoming of countries and Iran is one of the 10^th best countries about site seeing. Hence, based on rules, the dependency of Iran’s budget on oil have to decrease. The trip is one of the most important things for each Iranian's family. Therefore, the quality of services in the tourism industry can effect on the quantity of trips. So, these factors must be identified and then the rare resources of travel agencies are allocated to them. One of the evaluation models of service quality is Servqual that has 5 criteria such as reliability; responsiveness; assurance; empathy and tangibles which each of these criteria has sub-criteria. Travel agencies can implement this model and evaluate the service quality of them. But after identification of these factors, allocation of these rare resources such as HR, budget, time for implementing improvement programs is the most important factors for each agency. Hence, for allocating rare resources of travel agencies, Rembrandt method is used. Statistics society of this research is all passengers who travel in other in the internal or external city of Iran during Esfand month. This research is done by survey and sampling did by random. The result shows that among five criteria, sympathy criterion has high priority and among sub-criteria, creating trust in customer has high priority.
 

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The present paper deals with the analysis and analysis of spatial justice and its relation with social capital using descriptive-analytical research method. To assess spatial justice, the distribution of urban facilities and their per capita amount (per capita of religious, educational, medical, green, cultural, etc.) are used at local level. Then, they have been ranked by the multi-criteria decision-making method of Vicar County. According to the rates obtained from the vikor method and considering the final points, Shams Tabrizi and PehrAbad neighborhoods are in a state of affairs and the property districts, Sheikh Taj and TapaliBagi and Ohadi have a favorable situation.  The low-grade journals are in the new textbook and informal settlements. In areas such as Jahangir, Daneshghah, Sahand, Valiasr, Azadegan, new structures have been built as residential settlements over the past two decades. In the second stage, in order to evaluate the social justice of social capital indicators, a questionnaire was used that 383 questionnaires were prepared in relation to the population of each neighborhood. Five key indicators (trust, partnership, engagement, membership and security) have been used to assess social capital. The results show that neighborhoods such as Shams Tabriz, Khaje Nasir, Khan, Seidlar and Daraie have the highest social capital. In the third step, Pearson correlation methods and weight geographic regression have been used to analyze the relationship between spatial justice and social capital. In this method, the correlation between variables is shown in the neighborhood level. Output layer The standardized residual geographic weighted regression analysis between spatial justice and citizens' satisfaction shows that in Shams Tabrizi, Azadegan, Khajeh Nasir 1 and 2, Sheikh Taj, Daraie, and Pasdaran, there was a positive spatial relationship. This means that the spatial development of these areas has a positive impact on improving the quality of life and social capital, the greater the spatial justice in these areas will increase social capital.

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The purpose of this research is to identify changes in the temperature trend in the western half of Iran. For this purpose, monthly temperature data of 15 synoptic stations were collected during 1960-2010. Quality control was applied on these data by applying Pettit, SNHT, Buishand and Von Neumann’s tests. Later data Simulated and compared with reanalysis data such as ERA-Interim, ERA-20C, NCEP and CMIP5 models (RCP8.5 for the period 1960-2100). Trends were calculated by the Mean Kendall test and the Sen’s estimator (95 % confidence level). Based on the results obtained from all models, a significant positive trend was observed in spring, summer and autumn, and only in winter according to ERA-Interim. Based on CMIP5 results for the period 2050-2100 values between 2 and 4 ° C/100 achieved, which is lower than the results of other models for the period 1979-2010. Considering the CMIP5 models and their overall average in the study area, an increase in annual temperature (7 ° C /100) for the second half of the 21st century was confirmed.

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Poverty is a social, economic, cultural and political reality that has long been one of the greatest human problems. The diversity of problems, needs and problems of the deprived and low-income groups of the society and the multiplicity of poverty indicators on the one hand, and on the other hand the lack of financial resources and credits to solve the poverty indicators, organizations in charge of poor affairs, including Imam Khomeini Relief Committee Has faced serious challenges in the optimal allocation of resources. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to classify the clients of Tabriz Relief Committee from the perspective of livelihood poverty indicators, ranking these clusters in terms of cost and finally allocating productive and optimal resources for each cluster. In this way, with the least resources, a wide range of the needy benefit from these resources. To do this, with cluster analysis of data extracted from the system, 700 clients of Tabriz Relief Committee have been clustered from the perspective of livelihood poverty indicators and K-mean method. The results of this study were a cluster structure consisting of 10 clusters, which according to the characteristics of the clusters, titles for the clusters were considered. Finally, in order to rank the clusters, a multi-characteristic SAW decision-making method has been used. The research findings show the difference between the effectiveness of allocation in clustering method compared to other traditional methods.

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Analysis of land use change in Nazlou district of Urmia in the 2005-2018 time series
Abstract Population growth, increased prosperity, the spread of technology, and the improper use of land have in recent decades imposed many changes on land. Nazlou district in Urmia city has been exposed to many changes due to its favorable natural conditions, location in the development paths of Urmia-Cir and Urmia-Bazargan, establishment of numerous industrial estates and so on. So planning to manage these changes requires studying land use changes. The purpose of this study was to detect land use changes in Nazlou district in Urmia city using Landsat TM and OLI satellite images by Object Oriented Classification. Also, two methods of change detection and change intensity index in land use change monitoring were used to investigate the severity and trend of land use changes. This study was descriptive and analytical and data collection was done by documentary method. The survey showed that during the study period (2005-2018) of the total area of ​​77498.37 hectares, the total area under study was approximately 25981.56 ha (33.52%). The highest level of change in 2005 relates to the level of the horticulture, with its downward trend in 2018. In contrast, changes in rangeland and dryland land use have an increasing trend, respectively.
 

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 only be implemented when the aforementioned land uses have balanced distribution across the city. In this regard, the present study is to investigate and evaluate learning land uses from the perspective of spatial justice for attain of the learning city approach in Zanjan; And the main goal of this research is to find out the spatial equilibrium in the distribution of learning land uses of Zanjan city, in order to develop the learning city approach. The research method was descriptive-analytical and data collection has done by using the library-documentary method. In addition, in order to analyze the findings, after describing the basic concepts of the learning city and taking into account the principles and indicators governing it, from two indicators of capacity and social justice have been used in the framework of comparing per capita and desirable levels, Nearest Neighborhood (NN) and entropy techniques. The results of the analysis of the distribution of learning land uses in the current situation indicate that the distribution of these land uses in the city are concentrated and clustered, with spatial imbalances. In such a way they show very high qualitative and quantitative differences between the three urban areas, especially indicated in the eastern margin of district two. Such a problem has hampered the development of the learning city approach in Zanjan and has resulted in the concentration of these services in the center of the city and their shortage in the peripheral areas as made a profound inequalities between the residential areas of the city. Therefore, the results of the research provide suggestions for reorganizing learning land uses to establish a spatial justice approach at the city level.

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