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Today, due to structural changes in the economy, rapid developments in science and technology, restrictions on financial and human resources, the interdependence of countries, global competition, increasing desire for globalization, the need for a better understanding of "change" and "future" for governments, businesses, organizations, organizations And people demand it. To this end, futures studies help policymakers and planners to design appropriate development programs by establishing communication, coordination, and collaboration between organizations and institutions. This research is applied in terms of practical purpose and in terms of the nature and method of descriptive-analytical research and in terms of exploratory scenario modelling. Data were collected through documentary and field methods. In the field method, the researcher-made questionnaire was provided to the experts in the form of a mutual matrix for scoring factors. 30 experts were selected by Delphi method. The distribution of questionnaires was also unlikely. Mick McMurphy software was used to analyze the data. The results indicate that the system of Tehran's urban area is in an unstable state. Also, the ten driving forces, including the ideologies of the ruling ideology, integrated management, expanding the infrastructure of information and communication technology, e-commerce, expanding economic competitiveness, economic branding, electronic management system, political transparency, facilitating the entry of multinational corporations, expanding urban diplomacy as drivers Influential ones were extracted in the development of Tehran's urban area. Finally, the scenarios facing the development of Tehran's urban area showed that there are eight scenarios, the first scenario with the highest probability of occurrence has 9 pessimistic and one pessimistic.

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Abstract
 Evaluation of indicators of sustainable development, as the axis of human excellence, is the dominant basis of urban planning and land management and has a decisive role in spatial dispersion and the formation of environmental behavior of human societies. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and its main tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were collected using library and survey methods (questionnaire tool). The statistical population is 35 neighborhoods of Bandar Mahshahr that the sample size through Cochran's formula with 95% confidence level using the number of households in Mahshahr 382 people who through simple random sampling in the neighborhood has distributed a questionnaire.  Based on the research criteria, the results show that the neighborhoods of Bandar Mahshahr are in a state of instability and the severity of instability is different between them.  So that in the selected indicators from the 35 neighborhoods, only neighborhoods 1, 2, 6, 15, 16, 17, 19 are at a stable level and other neighborhoods (28) are in an unstable situation, this situation is affected by their position in  It is the spatial structure of the city, which has led to the formation of neighborhood inequalities in terms of indicators of social stability and segregation.  The results of route analysis have shown that all economic, social, physical, environmental and spatial justice indicators have a positive and significant effect on sustainable development of Mahshahr city, among which the economic index has the greatest effect on sustainable development of urban areas.
 Keywords: evaluation, sustainable development, neighborhoods, planning, Mahshahr

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The basic purpose of this research is to reveal the physical development process of the new city of Sahand, as one of the new cities of the country, using Landsat satellite images during the statistical period of 1401-1373. In this regard, satellite images required for 4 statistical periods of 1373, 1383, 1393, and 1401 were obtained from two Landsat 5 and 8 satellites. By running a band calculation function on the images of TM and OLI sensors, the values ​​of the physical changes of the urban fabric during the investigated time steps in Sahand city were calculated and extracted. The results of this research indicated that the physical growth and development of the city of Sahand has started since 2013. This year, the area of ​​the urban fabric has reached 282 hectares, which is a 28-fold increase compared to 2013. But in the next decade, i.e. 2013, the area of ​​the city reached 570 hectares with a 100% growth compared to the previous decade, and finally, in the last decade, the area of ​​the city reached 850 hectares with a growth rate of 50%. District 6 of Sahand city, which accounts for about 35% of the physical fabric of the city, has been one of the fastest growing areas of the city during the decades of 1393-1400. Considering that a significant correlation at the confidence level of 0.95 (P_value=0.05) was revealed between the population growth and the physical development of Sahand during the statistical period of 1380-1400 (R=0.91), therefore, the fitted regression model between the population growth And the growth of the urban fabric, by placing the proposed population density of this city after the implementation of Mehr housing policies (185 thousand people), it showed that the area of ​​the physical fabric of this city will reach 1181 hectares in the next decade and will face a growth of 38%.
 

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The intermediate development approach suggests that empty lands and the inner destructive structure of cities should be targeted for development instead of taking the peripheral lands of the cities under construction. Considering this importance, in this article, an attempt has been made to identify and prioritize the obstacles to the intermediate development of Zabol using Chang’s technique. The present applied study employed a descriptive-analytical research method and library and survey research (field studies) data collection techniques. The statistical population for identifying the obstacles of intermediate development consisted of all the residents of Zabol city in 2023. The sample size was calculated as 384 via Cochran’s formula. The purposive sampling method was employed to collect the data. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient calculated the research instrument’s reliability as 0.80. The obstacles were identified using a sample t-test in SPSS, and the upcoming obstacles were prioritized. The required data were collected from the existing facts of the city and through a questionnaire distributed among 20 related experts. Then, data and information were analyzed using Chang’s technique (AHP-FUZZY). The research results showed that the most important obstacle to implementing the intermediate development plan of Zabol city is the economic index, with a final weight of 483.
 

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Nowadays, informal settlements has become a common challenge in many of cities particularly in Metropolises .On one hand, it is a spatial manifestation of social and economical inequalities and injustice at the local, regional and national levels. On the other hand it is the result of urban planning deficiency, absence of citizenship and inattention to social and economical needs of low income groups in urban development plans. In this research, in order to develop main strategies for enabling and regularizing Tabriz informal settlements by zoning the district one’s settlements of Tabriz municipality and identifying the low income and vulnerable zones, the social, economical, physical and environmental indicators have been used. Moreover, the data was analyzed by combining GIS and AHP models and three zones were reached. The research shows the socio-economical and environmental separation between vulnerable zones and others. The CDS strategy has been confirmed because of paying attention to participatory and community-based approach for enabling and regularizing informal settlements of Tabriz district one

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Nowadays most of the countries have chosen the tourism as a development strategy for the rural areas. The Hajij village with worthy natural, cultural and anthropological heritage has known as a tourism destination in Kermanshah province and west of Iran. In this research, the effects of tourism are studied in this village. The methodology is descriptive-analytic method. The necessary data were collected through both library and field methods. The population of this study equals to 180 persons- based on Cochran Table- including the 130 residents, 15 local governors and 35 visitors were selected by simple random method. Research tools include a researcher made questionnaire which its validity was confirmed based on the collective opinion of the universities professor's and experts of executive organizations. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated at 0.867 using Cranach’s alpha test based on 20 pretesting. Data analysis was held by factor analysis in SPSS 21 software. The research findings showed that there are six main factors among 30 variables which interpret 70 percent of the variance of the tourism effects the most important is physical- facilitator effects. Moreover, the positive effects were %65.8 and the negative ones were %34.2 based on factor analysis.

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With the aim of development and reducing regional inequalities, regional planning is one of the most important subiects in developing countries. Regional planning requires the identification of the position of areas relative to each other in terms of their development. The aim of this study is to investigate and assess the level of Kermanshah province in terms of development indicators in order to find out the level of regional inequalities. The population of Kermanshah province is considered as statistical population. According to the investigated parameters of the research approach, it is “Descriptive - quantitative and analytical". This research is trying to use the 61 indicators based on 1390 almanac statistics and utilizes three statistical techniques of Vikor, Electre, SAW and integration of  results with Copeland  technique, classify existing inequalities in Kermanshah province. The results show that the Levels of development has been unbalanced and there is large gap and inequality among different cities of province in terms of development. The difference and inequality exist in various sectors of infrastructure such as economic, health, education, culture, social welfare and social. Only one city Gilangharb is developed and the rest of cities are semi- developed and deprived. To reduce inequalities in development in the province it is suggested that distribution of health, education and infrastructure indicators should be directed towards balanced growth and the index of infrastructure be emphasized more than the other indicators.                                            
 

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Transportation networks‚ particularly roads as a linking elements between settlements has a significant role in the exchange of flows between urban and rural areas and also rural development .The aim of this paper is to study the effect of highways construction and expanding transportation on rural stable development in the rural district of eastern Miankouh which by using survey method (questionnaire) have been turned to the studying of highways construction on development quality of adjacent villages in this rural district. In this study ‚mean time of defining the population community (514 family)‚ the 103 family was selected as a sample with Cochran formula (12 villages).The result of achieved data analysis‚ on the basis of‚ fitting regression test‚ linear regression and path analysis showed that the most general effect of highway construction is relevant to the environmental dimension with amount of (0/591) so that the contamination of soil and water resources have been increased in rural areas. Also using of fertilizers and pesticides is been prevalent. The amount of demolition of water resources such as springs and water channeling have been increased in the rural boundary. and also pastures‚ forests and fertile lands have been allocated to the building constructions and forming dimension with amount of (0/058) has the least overall effect on the rural stable development in the boundary of studying area.

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Expansion of urban areas has impacted on climate in local and global scale. As a result, residents’ life would be influenced accordingly. In this study, the effects of changes in land cover and land use change on climate of Shiraz and Fasa were studied in a long-term period. To ensure the normal data, Kolmogrov-Smirnoff test was employed. The minimum and maximum temperature parameters and relative humidity were evaluated using non-parametric Mann-Kendall and regression method in a 45-year period (1966-2010). The results showed a decreasing trend for the minimum temperature and humidity for Fasa and minimum and maximum relative humidity for Shiraz whereas other quantities showed an increasing trend. The study examined the effects of land use changes and land cover types in the 23-year period (1987-2010) using images of LANDSAT satellite of TM sensor on temperature pattern in two cities. During these 23 years, a reduction of 113 square kilometers for barren land of Shiraz and 5/7 square kilometers for barren land of Fasa and extending 110 kilometers residential users and 3/5 square kilometers in Shiraz and Fasa were reported.

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Rapid urban development in social, economical, cultural, political and environmental aspects, has affected the human life in recent decades. Introducing the sustainable development as the main theme of the third millennium is the result of urban impact on the biosphere and the range of different aspects of human life too. Concentration on differences in dimensions and indicators of sustainable development in one place and having them compared to other places can use fal for planners to realize the development potential and weaknesses. In theme lines, Boroujerd city have been studied as one of the median cities in the West of Iran to assess the indicators of sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to assess indicators of sustainable urban development in Boroujerd town, compared with Iran urban centers. In this study, methodology, is cognitive in terms of objective, and is comparative- analytical in term of identity and the data collection method is documental studies. To assess the level of development, the concept of sustainable development was classified in four dimensions: social, economical, environmental, physical-institutional and 44 indicators were identified. The data were collected in the Boroujerd city and Iran urban centers. Data were analyzed with sign test in SPSS software. The result has shown that there is no difference between Boroujerd city and Iran urban centers in terms of social and physical-institutional indicators. But, economic and environmental indicators have significant differences. The economic condition is not good but the environmental condition is better. On the other hand, taking into account all indices, the sustainability of Borujerd city, almost is same with Iran situation sustainable.

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The above research evaluates the access and use of rural services of the villages in the province of Gilan, as examples of reducing inequalities and increasing the development. The method used in this article is applicable in terms of target, and cross-sectional in tems of identity. To do this research, morris model, indexing method, standardization and dividing by average are used. After comparing the villages of the province in terms of rural services, the obtained outcome indicates that accomplished results and ranking are in high agreement, so that in all models, villages of Saravan, Kelishami and Gol Sefid have the most access to facilities and services and mountain villages of Talesh, Shuil and Eshkevar Olia are the most deprived villages in rural facilities and services, respectively. Based on studied indicators, the distance between deprived and wealthy villages flactuates from 2 to 10 times. This situation reflects the gross spatial inequality of having advantage of facilities and services in the villages of province Gilan.

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The present study aimed to assess the conformity of Mehr housing projects by Infill development pattern to answer this question: What is the relationship between Mehr housing project in the city of Mahabad with Infill development and with its spatial conditions of the city. The research method in present study in terms of nature is "descriptive – survey" and in terms of purpose "applied" and in terms of collecting data is " field." Statistical society is the whole members of Mahabad Mehr housing that were determined 361 persons as sample by Cochran formula. To data analysis was used the methods of descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test). The results show that Mehr housing policies in the city of Mahabad not comply with its physical conditions. T-test results in this study showed that Infill development due to the use of the maximum of capacity available space of city, Can be considered as a suitable model and as the basis to guide Mehr housing policy in the city of Mahabad. The results of T-test about the physical factors (t-=1/48; p-value<0/05), socio-cultural factors (t=24/35; p-value≥ 0/05), economic factors (t=13/27; p-value≥0/05) and environmental factors (t=27/29; p-value≥0/05) shows that Mehr housing policies in the city of Mahabad comply with socio-cultural factors, economic factors and environmental factors but not comply with its physical conditions.

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Guidance plan does with economic, structure, social and cultural attitude in Iran and this plan has high effect on rural life. Therefore it is essential that we study guidance plan base of rural managers and rural councils attitude. Investigative method was descriptive, analysis (survey method) and research tools were questionnaire. Statistical society includes rural managers and rural council members. Sampling method in rural managers was census method and rural council methods were random sampling method. Number of rural managers was 31 and number of rural council members was 103 respondents (in councils with 3 members we select 3 respondents and in rural councils with 5 members we select 3 respondents). Results shows that guidance plan have positive effect on structure of village. But in economic and cultural dimensions, there is no effect on villages. Maps of guidance plan were weak. Respondent believe that there are low satisfaction about guidance plan among rural managers and rural council members. It is important and we must notice to it.  

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Research goall is survey in the situation of quality of housing and rural vitality and survey of relationship of housing quality and vitality of rural settlements. The population of research is Khawmirabad county (Kurdestan Province, Mariwan Township) with 2737 households. Research method is analytical –description based on questionnaire and it is applicable research . In order to gathering the data we used documentary and field method and interviews and questionnaire based on Likert scale(five – range opinion)has been used. In order to sampling we used random sampling and by using of Cochran formula that sample size is equal to 290 households. In order to analysis of data’s from questionnaire, we used both of Descriptive (mean and deviation) and Inferential(One sample T, Linear regression, Chi- square) Statistics. The results of this study indicate a low level of economic dimensions (2.34) and political (2.97), vitality and quality of housing than the average (2.74). This difference is statistically significant at the alpha level 0.01 numerical difference utility as evaluation and assessment is negative. The results also show that the greatest impact of the quality of housing is on the social dimension with a beta coefficient of 0/570 and the lowest on the economic dimension with 0/077 beta coefficient.

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Migration is among important issues that less developed and developing countries have confirmed during the recent five decades. This issues in Iran has attraced a lot of researcher and planner views. Irregular and increasing migrations have created a lot of consequences for cities and the target settlements, social effects of migration on the cities is among such consequence these, in this project, ethnocentrism, linguistic diversity and conformance quality are considered among the city's residents. This issue has been studied in Takestan Qazvin. For illustrating the issue, theories of Michael Todaro, Edward Sapir, Benjamin Whorf and William Samner have been used. The research has been done according to library methods (documents) and field methods (special for questionnaires and measurement).In addition to confirming the questionnaire by the experienced faculties, its reliability has been obtained in accordance with Cornbrash’s Alpha coefficient by 82,2 percent and the SPSS software is used for analyzing and processing. The result obtained by analyzing questionnaire filled in by 400 people that the number has been chosen according to Morgan's Table, and the people have been chosen randomly, shows that there is a meaning full relation ship between ethnocentrism and linguistic diversity with development of the city. 

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