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Buildings are one of the main pillars of social and economic development of countries that consume a large part of energy and natural resources. The share of this part of energy consumption is 30-50% on average. Also, in our country, based on the energy balance sheet of recent years, about 33% of the energy produced is related to the domestic, commercial and public sector, i.e. the construction sector. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the location of the building on its energy consumption. The district of the research is the common 4 and 5-story residential buildings in District 5 of Tehran, on Ferdous Sharq Blvd. The descriptive-analytical research method is based on organizational and field data collection, by selecting 6 similar residential blocks and in different lighting positions, different data were collected. These 6 blocks are completely the same in terms of land area, infrastructure area, number of floors, heating and cooling systems and other characteristics, and the only difference between them is their location in a passage. Then, using simulation in Design Builder software, their energy consumption was calculated and compared. The results of the research indicate that the average energy consumption with an accuracy of 98%, the northern blocks, 7 261, the southern blocks, 11 247, the total blocks, 5 254, kilowatt hours per square meter per year, which is about 3 times the ideal building. . Northern blocks consume about 5% more energy than southern blocks. A block that receives light from 3 sides, north, south and west, consumes about 11%, more than the average, and a block that receives light from 2 sides, north and south, consumes about 5%, less than the average. North blocks, energy label D, south blocks, except for the end block that gets light from three sides, north, south and west, get energy label C, and as a result, south blocks generally perform better in terms of energy consumption.

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Considering that more than one third of energy consumption is related to residential areas, proper planning and design of neighborhoods according to the climatic conditions of each region can be an effective step towards reducing energy consumption. It aims to optimize energy consumption in the residential blocks of Rushdieh neighborhood in Tabriz. Investigating and understanding the energy consumption situation in Rushdieh neighborhood of Tabriz, its capabilities and bottlenecks in planning is very important, if they are not paid attention to and there are no efficient strategic plans, it will lead to an increase in social, economic and environmental instability. According to its nature, the research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. It is related to the intended goals of the research, the statistical population of the research is the professors, experts and elites of urban planning, which has been used to examine the indicators and strategies. The method of selecting people was targeted and snowball. Finally, the results showed that the formulation of policies, practical measures to improve the design of main roads and local accesses in the direction of neighborhood air conditioning should be emphasized as the most important strategy. In order to reduce energy consumption, the development of neighborhood design policies and residential blocks with the goals of using wind energy to reduce energy consumption have been placed in the second and third ranks of this prioritization, respectively.

 

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In order to understand the total consumption of buildings and accurately calculate how much energy each building uses, taking in consideration all the building's lifecycle phases is essential. In order to select the correct methodology for the main study, the researcher began with the determination and the parameters that would have been researched, as well as the analysis and comparison of the different methods used by other researchers to achieve similar goals. The following parameters define the final results and are stabilized or examined to determine their actual effect: A- Constant parameters: 1- Climate data 2- and data on the use of the building: B- variables: 3- Design data: 1- orientation 2- window to wall ratio 3- aspect ratio. This research uses a survey followed by a computer modeling methodology to achieve the goal of providing architects with techniques that reduce energy consumption in building units. To obtain reliable results that are useful to the construction industry in the country, the researcher has ensured that the virtual environment created in the modeling process mimics a typical building environment of Tehran units. Research has shown that passive design techniques have a major impact on the energy consumption of buildings. A significant reduction in consumption (67 percent) was noted when the orientation and percentages of the opening on the wall were changed. In summary, this study has shown that the application of passive, economical and simple design techniques has a major impact on the energy consumption of the unit rooms. If the architects take these ideas into account during the design process, the buildings will take on more responsibility for the environment and consequently reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

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Buildings are one of the main pillars of economic and social development of countries that consume a large part of energy and natural resources. The purpose of writing this article is to calculate the energy consumption of a building in one year, determine the energy label and then optimize some of its features in order to reduce construction costs and reduce energy consumption of the operation phase. Is. The study area is common residential buildings in Tehran. The research method to achieve this goal is as follows: First, according to the licensing statistics of Tehran Municipality, a 5-storey southern building was selected on a land with an area of ​​320 square meters and an infrastructure of about 1100 square meters, which represents a large number of buildings in Tehran. Be. Then, by simulating the building considered in Builder Design software, the amount of gas consumption is 145.53 kWh per square meter, electricity consumption is 81.25 kWh per square meter and a total of 226.79 kWh per meter. The square was calculated per year. With this consumption, according to standard 14253, the building receives energy label C. Then, with the aim of reducing the cost of construction and energy consumption during operation, it was optimized with a genetic algorithm. Research variables, type of exterior wall (pottery or Leica), exterior (stone or brick), type of window glass (plain or low emission), type of gas between the layers of window glass (air or argon) and the ratio of the window to the south front surface (15 % -30% -45% -60%) were built. The results indicate that the best possible scenarios for the exterior facade, stone, low-emission double-glazed windows with argon gas, the outer wall of the pottery with a window-to-south front ratio of 22.5% or Leica, with a window ratio At the level of the southern front, it is 37.5%.