Showing 35 results for Metro
Joan Amini, Mehri Akbari, Zahra Hejazizadeh, Ali Akbar Shamsipur,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Green spaces have a key role in moderating urban micro-climatic conditions, beautifying urban landscapes, citizens' leisure time, and also reducing noise and air pollution and absorption of Aerosols. In addition to the significant advantages of green space, water consumption and irrigation needs is one of the main limitations of green space development in Tehran that nowadays faced to critical water shortage. Calculating water footprint in green spaces, as the total amount of fresh water required to maintain green space throughout the year, is one of the indicators by which the compatibility of tree and plant species with climatic conditions can be assessed. The main object of this study is to estimate the water footprint of Laleh Park in Tehran province of Iran. The Green space soil water balance (SWB) model was used to calculate water footprint in this park. The required data that including: average daily temperature, total precipitation and moisture depth of zero to 30 cm of soil, were obtained from the Geophysical meteorological station of Tehran for 2018. Data related to soil water drainage were also estimated based on standard laboratory samples of green space soils. The results indicated that in the warm months (June to September) of the year, the total water footprint of Laleh Park in Tehran was 4 to 5 thousand cubic meters per month (m3/m), while the winter months (December to March) total estimated water footprint were less than 1400 cubic meters per month. The generalization of 30 Centimeters depth soil moisture data of the geophysical meteorological station to Laleh Park, released that, in the warm month of the year, Green Water (groundwater or surface water) had the largest portion (more than 90%) in the water footprint of Laleh Park, While in the winter months (December and to march), the green water (water from snow and rain) is main participant in providing soil moisture, more than 90% of the total water footprint of Laleh Park has related to this source.
Esmat Khan Mohammadi, Rahim Sarvar, Alireza Estalaji,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Today, the accelerating trend of urbanization, the lack of guidance and urban management, national and regional inequalities, and differences in the socio-economic base of individuals have led to the growth and expansion of informal housing. Due to this situation, informal housing has been expanding in Tehran's metropolitan area. The present study seeks to find key factors affecting informal housing in the study area and also to determine the relationships between criteria through structural-interpretive modeling (ISM). Are; Which is applied in terms of the nature of the application and in terms of the combined method (quantitative and qualitative) and in terms of the inductive research approach In this method, a questionnaire tool was used and in order to analyze the relationships and present their structural model, the interpretive structural modeling method was used, The results of MICMAC analysis and the classification of key factors in the four matrix clusters It shows that the factors of economic growth, redistributive policies, decentralization and transfer of authority, regional equilibrium policies, revision of development and sanctions laws and regulations and its effects are in the fourth cluster,which are in fact variables of research. In fact, key variables are research, and the only factor in housing policies is the cluster of link variables, which will guide other factors, and change will affect the entire system.
Mr Yaser Nazaryan, Phd Amane Haghzad, Phd Laila Ebrahimi, Phd Kia Bozorgmehr,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Urbanization and increase in urban population as a result of the natural increase in population and rural-urban migration, has led to the concentration of the highest material and spiritual human capitals in these urban settlements. At the same time, various natural and human crises threaten these capitals. Urban management has undertaken various programs to deal with these crises, and the latest approach in this regard is to increase the resilience of cities. The concept of resilience can be discussed in various physical, economic, social and environmental dimensions.
The present study with a descriptive-analytical approach and with the aim of assessing the physical resilience of Tabriz metropolitan areas and determine their status relative to each other. For this purpose, multi-criteria decision making methods (MADM) and hierarchical analysis process (AHP) have been used. Also, 3 models of TOPSIS, VIKOR and COPRAS have been used to rank regions in terms of physical resilience. Finally, the Copeland model was used to combine the results of the mentioned models. The results show that regions 2, 8 and 9 jointly have the highest physical resilience. In the next ranks are regions 1, 10, 3, 7, 5, 4 and finally region 6, respectively.
Dr Hafez Mahdnejad, Dr Hamid Bargi, Dr Alireza Gholami,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Today, the cities of the country are faced with a kind of duality and inequality. As urban inequality has become one of their spatial characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to Zoning of spatial inequality neighborhoods of Isfahan metropolis based on economic indicators for better planning for organizing, empowering and enhancing their quality of life. This study is an applied one and its method is descriptive-analytical. The research data were obtained from Statistical Blocks of Iran Statistical Center (2016). The statistical method used to analyze the data, compile the indices and extract the final urban poverty indices with AHP, Topsis and Hotspot. The findings show that the coefficients of influence on the components of the main occupational, occupational, housing and vehicle components respectively are: 0.266, 0.317, 0.223 and 0.184. According to the final index of poverty status in terms of economic indicators, 23 neighborhoods (11.98%) have good quality, 37 neighborhoods (19.27%) have relatively good quality, 52 neighborhoods (27.08%) are in moderate condition, 64 Neighborhoods (33.33%) are in poor condition and finally 16 neighborhoods equivalent to 8.33% of all metropolitan areas of Isfahan are in poor condition. In total, about 42% of all metropolitan areas of Isfahan are in poor condition. The results of the Hotspot model show that neighborhoods with higher than average values in the south and partly in the center of the city and neighborhoods with lower than average values are located in the east and partly west of Isfahan. In fact, the city can be divided into northern and southern parts.
Yaser Nazaryan, Amane Haghzad, Leyla Ebrahimi, Kia Abozorgmehr51,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Vulnerability is the inevitable result of risks and crises that threaten societies to varying degrees. One of the main threats is earthquakes. The recent approach to disaster management programs is to increase the resilience of communities that have different dimensions. One of them is the physical dimension of urban resilience, which is linked to the components of land use planning. In this research, with the aim of analyzing land use criteria affecting the resilience of Tabriz city and using fuzzy AHP method, research has been done.
Based on the results of the study of theoretical foundations, 13 effective criteria have been identified and the basis of action. The required data were extracted and used from maps and spatial information of urban plans, especially the detailed plan of Tabriz, Then Using ARC Map10.3.1 software, each criterion is analyzed and each criterion is presented in the form of a fuzzy map. Sum, Product and gamma fuzzy operators have been used to achieve the final resilience map. Due to the high accuracy of the gamma operator, its results are considered as the final output.
The results show that in the city of Tabriz, 2% have very low resilience, 40.8%, low resilience,15.3% moderate resilience, 23.5% high resilience and 7.2% very high resilience - based on the Used criteria-. Areas with low resilience are generally located in the north of Tabriz city and correspond to the informal settlement texture and the worn-out texture of the city, which corresponds to the fault line of Tabriz and Micronutrient and permeability are other features of these areas. Due to the high population density in these areas, it is necessary to immediately adopt the necessary programs to improve the quality of physical resilience criteria in the city.
Zeinab Mohebbi, Dr Farzaneh Sasanpour, Dr Ali Shamaei, Dr Habib Fasihi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Today, cities are looking for advanced ways to improve their individual personality and one of the most important strategies is to characterize the characteristics of city branding, which can be a solution for the development and improvement of the city. Qom metropolis, as one of the religious and historical cities of Iran with a cultural-religious role at the national level, hosts a large number of tourists every year, but the tourists who stay in the city are very few and it seems that the city can find a solution. Have. development of the city. This research analyzes the composition of branding of Qom in metropolitan areas and finally determines the position and level of the metropolis based on branding ranking. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and research method. The researcher's self-made questionnaire was used in the field method. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts (30 people). The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha formula in SPSS 19 software equal to 0.76. TOPSIS method was used to rank the regions and Arc GIS 11 was used to produce the maps. Based on the obtained results, the 4th region of Qom city is in a favorable condition and the 2nd region is in an unfavorable condition, and the city of Qom is in an average condition in terms of management, physical and social, and in an unfavorable condition in terms of economy. Since the commercial and economic indicators of Qom metropolis are in a bad situation, paying attention to the increase of capital in the city can improve the urban environment, which as a result can be achieved as a resistance economy. From a physical point of view, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the elements and symbols of the city are permanent in the minds of the beneficiaries of the city.
Ph.d Khalaf Anafjeh, Email: Moosa_ka@pnu.ac.ir, Ph.d Masoud Safaipour, Ph.d Abdulnabi Sharifi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
This paper tries to equip the 5 strategic drivers of the urban poverty system in the target areas of the research wich have the ability to management,manipulate and trace their effects through the regeneration process with poverty reduction policies in order to improve the state of the system in the mentioned arias.considering the basic necessity of economy–based organization of space, the aim of this paper is to regeneration and reform of structures of urban poverty in the target neighborhoods with a future studies approach.the type of research is applicable and its investigation method is descriptive-analytical based on newest future studies approach,normative in nature.after preparing the balance analysis of the possible states (uncertainty scenarios),extracting the qualitative judgments of 30 experts about the mutual influence of network relations through Delphi survey and algoritmic analysis of data using cib method in the scenario wizard software become possible.consideringthe size of the matrix and its demensions of (15*15) scenario wizard software analyzed the number of 3657 combined scenarios based on the data entered in the questionnaire and the number of 5 strong or probable scenarios,14 scenarios with high compatibility(belivable scenarios) and they reported 28 weack scenarios (possible scenarios) that finally,after verification and validation by experts,four scenarios were descriptively named with the title of m-a,m-sh,h-ha,z.s-j.in the end by using the thematic macro -rends that are introduced as technical tools of future –based economic intervantions in the regeneration process.for each driver,poverty reduction policies were formulated and proposed in the form of thematic measures based on desirable scenarios to reform urban poverty structures.
Mr Fazllollah Karimi Ghotbabadi, Dr Ali Zangiabadi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
Earthquakes resilience, which is actually how social, economic, institutional, geographical, etc. capacities of societies are affected by earthquakes, is one of the issues that should be considered in any society. It is worth noting that the type of attitude towards the issue of resilience and how to analyze it on the one hand, plays a key role in how to recognize resilience and its causes, and on the other hand also influences policies and measures to reduce risk and how to deal with it. The purpose of this study is to rank the resilience of new urban Habitations in the Isfahan Metropolitan earthquake risk using a combined index. Due to the studied components and the nature of the subject, the approach of this research is "descriptive-analytical". The statistical population of this study includes 6 new urban Habitations of Shahin shahr, Majlesi, Sepahan shahr, Fooladshahr, Baharestan and Shahid Keshvari. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in the research literature section, information has been collected through the library method. Based on the results of POSET, Majlesi, Baharestan, Foolad shahr, Sepahan Shahr, Shahin Shahr and Shahid Keshvari Habitations with the sum of options 3, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 14 in terms of the combined index of resilience against earthquake risk, respectively. They have 1-6. Therefore, in order to reduce the adverse effects that resilience has on any community, paying attention to the capacities of each Habitation is one of the issues that should be considered in every community to prevent human and financial losses caused by possible accidents.
Mis Ameneh Alibakhshi, Dr Mohammadreza Pourmohammadi, Dr Rasoul Ghorbani,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (3-1921)
Abstract
In recent decades, one of the main challenges in regional development studies is trying to understand the economic and cultural differences between the national and regional levels, so that the obstacles facing regional development can be removed. One of the systems that plays an important role in the development of regions is the regional innovation system. For this purpose, the aim of the current research is to identify the key drivers effective on regional innovation in the metropolis of Tabriz. In this regard, the current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. In order to collect the required information, both library and field methods have been used. The statistical population of the research includes 32 qualified people in the industry, university and government sectors who were selected by purposeful sampling. Mic Mac software was also used for data analysis. The findings of the research show that out of a total of 71 influential factors, 13 factors include the appropriate culture of productivity, laws and regulations, the existence of a teamwork culture between activists and established industrial units, information and communication technology infrastructure, sufficient funding for university research infrastructure, and higher education. patent programs, higher education policy, performance evaluation and reward system, financial support, special and flexible tax system for research and development, the existence of joint research centers between universities and industry and the level of interaction and cooperation between universities and industry, a key role in innovation They have an area of Tabriz metropolis.
Mohammad Shali, Jamileh Tavakolinia,
Volume 15, Issue 36 (6-2015)
Abstract
Nowadays, informal settlements has become a common challenge in many of cities particularly in Metropolises .On one hand, it is a spatial manifestation of social and economical inequalities and injustice at the local, regional and national levels. On the other hand it is the result of urban planning deficiency, absence of citizenship and inattention to social and economical needs of low income groups in urban development plans. In this research, in order to develop main strategies for enabling and regularizing Tabriz informal settlements by zoning the district one’s settlements of Tabriz municipality and identifying the low income and vulnerable zones, the social, economical, physical and environmental indicators have been used. Moreover, the data was analyzed by combining GIS and AHP models and three zones were reached. The research shows the socio-economical and environmental separation between vulnerable zones and others. The CDS strategy has been confirmed because of paying attention to participatory and community-based approach for enabling and regularizing informal settlements of Tabriz district one
Farzaneh Sasanpour, , ,
Volume 17, Issue 47 (12-2017)
Abstract
Urbanization bubble is a new concept in urban planning issues for examining sustainability at various levels of social, economic, environmental, and management. So far, no common definition provided for urbanization bubble that indicate a lack of research in this field. This research aimed at assessing futures studies of urbanization bubble in Tehran metropolitan with focus on scenario planning. Research method in term of purpose is applied and in term of method is exploratory descriptive analytic one. Required data gathered through field study and document review. In field studies, Delphi technique performed in the form of a group of 30 people. For data analyzing, cross impact analyzes used in MICMAC software. Results indicate that 56 factors identified as key factors in five institutional, managerial, economic, social and environmental dimensions affecting future condition of urbanization bubble. Then, based on experts’ comments, 25 agents identified. Dispersion of the variables indicates the instability of Tehran's metropolitan system. Five categories of influential, dual, regulatory, influential and independent factors identified. Final scores and ranking of key factors carried out and finally, three scenarios presented for the future status of urbanization bubble in Tehran metropolitan.
Mostafa Mohammadi Dehcheshme, Nahid Sajadian, Ali Shojaian, Narges Gheysari,
Volume 18, Issue 48 (4-2018)
Abstract
Study how to relax and leisure from the work of citizens it is located in the field of leisure geography studies. The current study is practical in an aim and descriptive– analytical in method and practical– theoretical in nature. In this study, the first path analysis model was used in order to express logical correlations between environmental and demographics variables, on leisure geography and providing structural analysis.the results of study path analysis model shows that the impacts of the physical environment outside the home with standardized coefficients0.461 into other variables have the greatest impact and demographic variables with standard coefficients 0.025 has least impact on leisure geography of metropolis. In the following, the number of 383 questionnaires was distributed in order to study comparatively the spatial pattern leisure geography among citizen's zones 2, 4 and 7 of the city of Ahvaz that they were at different levels of enjoyment. The results of the questionnaire of citizens indicate that leisure pattern in Region2 is different from other areas; However, the pattern of citizens leisure of district4 and7 has not a significant difference together. In this context, assigning a specific type of planning is approved in order to improve the quality of community health and welfare of the citizens;; with regard to natural and human environment conditions of the city and leisure facilities available.
Mohamad Hadi Setavand, Fazel Hajizadeh, Hosin Yaghfoori,
Volume 19, Issue 52 (3-2019)
Abstract
Urban Public Service structuring the form and nature of the physical, social and spatial city; Therefore injustice in how to distribute it, the structure, on nature of the city and class segregation affects urban areas and Urban management is faced with serious challenges. In the same vein, the main purpose of this study, Spatial analysis of enjoyment levels ten main areas of the Shiraz city of Urban service. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its type is practical. In collecting data library method and field has been used. The statistical population of ten main areas of the Shiraz city that according to the 10 overall index and 49 components crucial public services Assessed. For analysis and grading the urban districts from the view point of enjoing public services, some models including Fuzzy TOPSIS, VIKOR and WASPAS have been used and for reaching to a unified result in data analysis of different models, the blended average of ranks has been used. The results of this method showed that Areas 1, 2 and 4 have in the first rank, areas 3, 6 and 7 in the category semi, Districts 8 and 10 low Enjoyment and Zones 5 and 9 enjoyment been lacking in class. The findings of this study show that the distribution of public services in areas of City Shiraz with Spatial justice approach does not match .At the end of this article, strategies according to research findings been proposed.
, , , ,
Volume 19, Issue 52 (3-2019)
Abstract
One of the Challenging problems of Tehran metropolitan region is Air pollution. Suburban expansion in the form of sprawl patterns have created the travels and transportations, due to the dependence on personal vehicles contributes more than 85 percent of creators of air pollution. The article studied the role of transportation in emergence of urban air pollution in Tehran metropolitan region, have population more than 15.98 million. The method of this paper is of analytical and is based on the secondary data and traditions of the Quantitative research methodology. This article have been wrote in the context of Retroductive strategy and meta-analysis method and compositional research traditions. For analysis of suburban spatial transportation have used Raw Data Intra-Urban and suburban Data in 1395 Year And for spatial analysis of air pollution (PM2.5 and PM10), have been used The raw data from sensing stations and Landsat satellite images (OLI) for three selected days in 1392, 1393, and 1395 as survey samples in the ArcGIS software. The research findings indicate that due to the intensity of transportation flows in Tehran metropolitan, the suburb to the suburb, the suburb to the central city (Tehran) and vice versa, Air pollution center Rise cannot be attributed to Tehran alone, as the area of pollutant sources has been distributed within the "Tehran metropolitan region ".So, the amount of spatial correlation between air pollution maps and transportation flow maps in selected days (2 Bahman 1392, 5 Bahman 1393 and Dec. 7, 1395), in all cases indicated high spatial relations (more than 75%), Confirmation the idea of this paper. Analysis of this situation in triple loops also shows that the highest volume of transportation is in the city of Tehran (CBD), suburban and exurban areas, respectively and the distribution pattern and spatial accumulation of pollution are also subject to this situation.
Mrs Fatemeh Khodadadi, Dr Mojgan Entezari, Dr Farzaneh Sasanpour,
Volume 20, Issue 56 (3-2020)
Abstract
Today, in view of the growing population and population density in urban areas, especially in densely populated and susceptible cities, the need for an inclusive and comprehensive approach to natural disasters and disasters caused by their occurrence has become more evident . Focusing more than the size of the population in specific urban areas, lack of preventive planning and lack of readiness to deal with accidents such as earthquakes, is a very serious and important threat to citizens and the survival of the city. The capital city of Karaj, as one of the major cities in Iran, has a high risk of earthquakes due to the presence of several active faults inside and outside it. Accordingly, investigations of the seismic vulnerability of this city are one of the necessities of Karaj city management. Regarding this, the metropolis of karaj was selected as the study area. The method of research and analysis of information collected based on database-based methods using the ELECTRE FUZZY model and Criteria for building materials, number of floors, quality of buildings, population density, building density, area of parts, width of passageways, geology, distance from faults, distance from medical centers, distance from public space, distance from urban facilities and travel compatibility for research purposes Were used. The results indicate that 6, 8, 1, and 7 areas of Karaj municipality are vulnerable to earthquake, so that more than 70 percent of Karaj city is vulnerable to earthquake vulnerability on low and low floors and Only about 20% of the city of Karaj due to its proximity to the fault and the high density of population, construction and ... is in high and high risk areas. According to the principles of urban planning, the regulations of 2800 can cover earthquake damage in these areas.
Amir Safari, Ali Ahmadabadi, Zahra Sedighifar,
Volume 20, Issue 57 (6-2020)
Abstract
Flood plains and adjacent rivers, which, due to their particular circumstances, are considered suitable places for carrying out economic and social activities, are always subject to the dangers of flood events. Hence, in these areas, determination of flood progression and its elevation relative to the surface of the earth, as well as determining the characteristics of the flood during the various return periods, which will be called flood zoning, will be of great importance. In this regard, this research aims at integrating the WMS hydrologic model with ARC GIS software to estimate flood zones in the Damand, Goladdareh, Saadabad and Maghsoud Baik watersheds on the main river of Darband. At first, the river Darband was divided into 19 main sections and in the HEC-RAS model, the river was zoned. In this research, using different digital maps, the flood extent in the riverside lands was calculated for a flood with a return period of 2 to 500 years. The SCS method was also used to increase the accuracy and reliability and also to identify areas susceptible to runoff production. The results of the study show that, due to land use changes, especially in the river basin and the abundant construction of the studied basin, there is no flood control power.
Mr Salman Feizi, Dr. Rahim Heydari, Dr. Shahrivar Rostaei,
Volume 20, Issue 59 (1-2021)
Abstract
Tourism is an strategy for increasing the community revitalization of encouraging social revival and improving living conditions in urban areas. Accordingly, urban development planners focus on new tools in their planning strategies to achieve these benefits and move towards new concepts such as branding. Such an approach has added to the importance of branding in urban tourism development. In this research, efforts have been made to evaluate the impact of branding on tourism development and its dimensions in the Tabriz metropolitan area. The present study based on the purpose is the applied research and in terms of method is descriptive-analytical research. The statistical population of this study is tourists entering the city of Tabriz in 2018. The required sample size was considered using Cochran formula and 384 people. The questionnaire used in the research has been constructed by the researcher whose indices are derived from relevant studies and literature and then localized. Validity and reliability of the research model and analysis of the data were done using structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis in Smart PLS software. The research findings showed that destination branding has a positive and significant impact on the development of urban tourism and its dimensions (perceived value and benefits, support and participation and sustainability of tourism development) in Tabriz metropolitan area. The results also indicated that the branding of urban tourism destinations in metropolitan cities could increase the support of tourism through increased value and perceived benefits, thereby contributing to sustainability.
Hassan Mahmoudzadeh, Mahdi Herischian,
Volume 21, Issue 60 (3-2021)
Abstract
The occurrence of unplanned accidents is a global issue, and lack of preparedness and resilience in this area can lead to significant losses. Therefore, restitution is an important way to strengthen urban communities by utilizing their capacity. In this regard, the main objective of this research is to investigate the difference in the level of resilience indices in the three districts of a metropolitan area of Tabriz. This research is in terms of the type of the target and the method is descriptive of survey type. The required data were collected using library studies and field surveys at the household level. The statistical population of the households in region 1 of Tabriz Metropolitan is estimated to be 382 families according to the Cochran formula. After data collection, the analysis of the difference in resilience with ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were analyzed. The results of the research show that there is a difference between the regions in terms of the resiliency indicators. So that the least amount of resilience with an average of 173/46 was allocated to households in area one and the largest with average of 252/61, to the area of three regions of a metropolis of Tabriz. On the other hand, the results of the two-to-two-region comparison show that the mean of zone A alleviation in comparison with the two and three regions was 34/931 and 79/157, respectively, and the resilience of the region of two in Comparison with area 3 is 44/226 times lower than that, but the resilience of area 3 compared to the other two regions is 79/157, 44/226 times more. In the following, suggestions for improving the resilience of the study area are presented.
Parichehr Mesri Alamdari,
Volume 21, Issue 60 (3-2021)
Abstract
One major issue to be considered in today's cities is their resilience which plays an important role in reducing the damage and casualties caused by various natural hazards. These hazards often have devastating effects on human settlements, and resilient settlements in various managerial, physical, economic, and social aspects is a great way to enhance the effectiveness of cities in dealing with a variety of potential and unexpected crises. In this regard, addressing the resilience of cities in different aspects reveals the importance and necessity of research. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the resilience of cities to natural disasters. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. The statistical population includes specialists and experts. FVIKOR model is used to analyze the components and characteristics, and EDAS method is used to show the condition of areas in terms of resilience. The results from Fuzzy VIKOR show the institutional component in the first place with the most score (zero) and the economic component in the last place with the score of 0.287. Also, the results from EDAS in different aspects of the studied areas show high resilience of districts 2 and 5 and low resilience of districts 4 and 8. Generally, more than 50% of Tabriz districts are less resilient.
Hamideh Afsharmanesh, Zahra Hejazizadeh, Bohloul Alijani,
Volume 21, Issue 61 (6-2021)
Abstract
Climate predictions have been made in global, regional and local simulation, and climatic parameters have changed in terms of trends and models in climatology, futures studies are less visible in literature and climatology literature therefore environmental planning and futures analysis are an attempt to look at the long-term future in the field of climatology. Today, one of the most important challenges of the present and future is the increase in temperature and is the lack of climatic comfort. The growth of Tehran's metropolitan area, improving living standards, expanding urbanization and industry, climate change, and the energy shortage crisis are important. The survey forms were prepared by the climatologists and managers of Tehran and data analysis, futuristic techniques such as scenario for data analysis tool in this study was MICMAC software. have been used. In the research process, the most important key factors and drivers in relation to futures studies were identified in relation to the increase of temperature in the city of Tehran.
Mini scenarios and a comprehensive scenario were defined in three cases:
- Improvement of the Micro-Climatic Conditions of Tehran City + Climatic Comfort of Citizens
- Lack of good micro-climate in Tehran + low climatic comfort of citizens
- The lack of improvement in the micro-climatic situation in Tehran + the lack of climate comfort for citizens and increased energy consumption
According to the results of the study, the most important factors in creating a crisis of rising surface temperature can be the lack of attitude to the concept of micro-climate improvement and urban management.
