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Javad Bazrafshan, Mehrshad Toulabi Nejad, Najmeh Hamli,
Volume 18, Issue 49 (3-2018)
Abstract

This study explored the factors and drivers of livelihood pattern change in rural households through sustainable livelihoods Approach. The study was considered applicable and used a descriptive-analytic method. To collect the data, questionnaire and interview instruments were utilized. The statistical population was Minan rural households in Sarbaz border province (N=4544). Using Cochran’s sampling technique, 354 households were selected as the participants of the study. One sample t-test, chi-square, and logistic model were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that out of 354 respondents, 72.88 % believed their livelihood pattern had changed and 27.12% supposed no change. 15 out of 45 variables under study were considerably effective and had significant relationships with livelihood variable. Economical (0.400), personal (0.360), and geographical isolation (0.312) factors played major roles in this regard. Moreover, it indicated that out of 354 respondents, 39.8% assumed that they had chosen fuel smuggling, 25.4 % goods trading,  and 22.9 % service works as a reaction to this livelihood change for the living. Thus, it can be argued that integrated rural livelihood and accessible proper foundations for subsistence outside the farms (such as rural industries) can diversify living and prevent both livelihood change and use of illicit and hazardous activities, for instance, fuel and goods smuggling.
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Dr Ahmad Aftab, Mr Ali Majnoony, Mr Akbar Houshmand,
Volume 22, Issue 65 (6-2022)
Abstract

The present study aims at identifying geopolitical components affecting the spatial planning of border regions in the East Azarbaijan province. The research is an applied research that has been carried out using statistical tests, path analysis and Promethean decision making model. The results of the research showed that social variables with r = 0.811, r = 0.662, political, r = 0.851, ranked first to third. The results of path analysis also showed that political components with 0.96, social and cultural components with 0.93 and economic components with 0.36, have a direct effect on the realization of eastern Azarbaijan province boundaries. Finally, the results of the Prometheus model showed that Sardasht, Maku, Oshnaviyeh, Piranshahr, Orumiyeh, Salmas, Khoy, Siah Cheshmeh and Sardasht, respectively, are in the first to the nineteenth priorities. Therefore, according to the findings of the research, it is suggested that security and security measures are implemented with economic, political, and socio-cultural approaches.

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