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Beauty is among the highest human needs. Man has paid attention to the sense of aesthetics since he built cities.The aim of this study was to compare the two locations of Golestan and Moradab as the two most famous and unenjoyable places in Karaj city in terms of aesthetic indicators of urban spaceThe research method was descriptive-analytical and data were collected on 14 selected components related to urban environment aesthetics by direct observation method and evaluation list expression. For analyzing and comparing the aesthetic level of the two neighborhoods, descriptive statistical parameters have been used and for analyzing spatial inequalities, zoning maps have been drawn in geographic information system and calculations and analysis on related descriptive table. Considering the evaluation of indicators in the range of 1-10 points and the higher score to the higher level of aesthetics, the findings showed that the mean of total indicators in Golestan area was 6.31 and in Moradab area was 2.57. Also, in Golestan neighborhood, mianiyah cultifar is 6.43 and the first quadrant is 4, while in Moradab area these figures are 1.78 and 1, respectively. Spatial analysis of zoning chart showed that in Golestan area there are no indicators, areas that are aesthetically at "very low" and "low" levels, whereas in the lagoon area, no area is located at "high" and "high medium" levels, It can be concluded that Golestan area is at a high level in terms of aesthetic indicators and there is a lot of spatial inequality within and between the two studied sites.

 

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A healthy city is an idea to prevent the development of various diseases through the issues of urban design and land use. Shiraz city and Fars province have the highest number of road and pedestrian accidents. Also, depression of the elderly is the basis of other diseases and requires social and health care and increasing awareness in this field to increase life expectancy and strengthen the sense of belonging in society. The present study was investigated to measure indicators and explain healthy urban spaces with a smart city approach in Shiraz city. This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical regarding its nature and method. The statistical population of the research was selected from a group of university experts and municipal employees to identify the ideas of the health-oriented city with the smart city approach. The collection of information required for research is based on detailed library studies. In this study, to analyze the data from an inferential method, the single-sample t-test; analysis of variance test (ANOVA); Scheffe's post hoc test, and factor analysis test were used. To analyze the data, SPSS software was used. The results showed that the indicators of this research are not in conflict with each other and play a role in the health of the citizens. Also, 11 factors have been identified as effective dimensions for a healthy city with a smart city approach, which are: air quality, social interaction, safety level, social participation, climatic comfort, social security, access to water, sewage, and waste management, social justice, urban green space, education, poverty, and employment. Finally, the hypotheses of the research have been confirmed.
 

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The rapid growth of urbanization in recent decades and the neglect of qualitative aspects of human life have had adverse effects on the individual and social health of the community and urban life. Generally, life quality addresses social, environmental, and the economic issues. Plans should be consistent with improving life quality. On the other hand, improving the life quality can result in developments in social, economic, physical and service-providing areas. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of Malayer urban spaces in improving the citizen’s life quality including variables such as the quality of facilities in the city, social environmental, economic quality and environmental quality, , security and relaxation, and so on. The method used in this study was a combination of analytical and case-oriented methods. The type of the study was a developmental one and the area understudy was Malayer with 52697 households and an area of ​​2,400 hectares. Quantitative models and statistical procedures such as development indicators, standardized scores, correlation coefficient, t-test, multiple regression, variance analysis, coefficient of variation, factor analysis, and 60 variables as the indicators of this study were used to assess and evaluate the life quality in Malayer as far as social, economic, environmental and physical aspects of life were concerned. Using Cochran's formula, 384 random samples were selected from different parts of the city and were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical analysis using SPSS software. The obtained findings showed that the economic index of life quality with 58% was more inappropriate than the social, cultural and physical ones, while social and cultural indicators with 42% were in a moderate situation. The results also showed that the components of the quality of economic environment, working environment, transportation and the community are in an unfavorable condition in Malayer. Thus it is possible to increase the life quality in Malayer through  improving the economic, social, cultural and relative access to urban services.

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Today, the number of elderly people is increasing due to various factors such as changing life expectancy and population distribution. On the other hand, this period of life requires special needs such as care and health to other external and environmental factors. The social phenomenon of the city is not separate from this population group, ie the elderly, and urban planners using environmental theories can take steps to improve the use of the elderly in the city and its public spaces. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to explain the components of the elderly-friendly city with an environmental psychology approach in the eight cities of Shiraz. After identifying the characteristics to obtain the required information using a questionnaire tool that Cochran's method was used to determine the sample and GIS data were generated using Moran analysis of the desired layers and then using hierarchical analysis and Hot spot analysis of overlapping criteria was performed using fuzzy functions and urban spaces needed by the elderly were identified. Then, by confirming the hypotheses in this field that attention to social components along with components of spatial structure can be appropriate to improve the urban environment, suggestions in this area from attention to access and public transportation to creating an environment Elderly entertainment was provided.

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Abstract
With the rapid growth of population and urbanization since the last century, the complexity and understanding of the spatial organization of the city, as well as the ability to predict urban events in its spaces, have become difficult and in some cases impossible. Karaj metropolis is one of the major metropolitan areas of Iran that has been experiencing rapid population growth and this has led to complexity of space and consequently to complexity of organization recognition and analysis and its spatial structure and impact of livelihood components. It has become a spatial system. The main purpose of the present study is to identify the role and impact of Karaj's spatial organization on its nuclear viability. The research method is quantitative and descriptive-exploratory. The study area was Karaj metropolis and its main nuclei. The statistical population of this study is citizens living in the sub-nucleus of Karaj. The sample size was 378persons. The data used in this study were collected through library and field research. Data were analyzed using spatial statistics, spatial arrangement, and T-test and Friedman test. The results show that the Karaj metropolitan organization and spatial structure are interconnected and connected to some of the major routes, forming sub-nuclei away from the core and thus transferring the functional and service applications from the center to be the peripheral nucleus. This has affected the viability of the core. Decrease in biodiversity has occurred in different physical, social, economic and environmental dimensions that have affected the environmental and economic aspects less than the other two dimensions, so it can be concluded that the Karaj Spatial Organization has an impact on its viability.
 

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Urban public spaces have become increasingly vital in the functioning of cities, serving as primary sites for citizen interactions. These spaces play a significant role in understanding human behavior and in shaping behavioral settings. This article examines the factors that influence the establishment of behavioral patterns in Azadi Square, the main square in Kermanshah. Despite its communicative function, the social role of this square remains limited. The research conducted for this article employed a descriptive and survey-based methodology. Data collection techniques included observation, photography, face-to-face interactions, and physical presence within the study area. Additionally, interviews were conducted with randomly selected individuals based on pedestrian flow in the square. Each interview lasted an average of approximately 12 minutes. Analysis of behavioral pattern maps in the area revealed a mismatch between the form and function of Azadi Square. Dynamic and static activities within the square were of short duration, while the haphazard arrangement of details hindered its visual expression. The lack of human-scale dimensions in the space resulted in a decline in quality for activities such as meetings, exercise, play, sitting, stopping, and even walking. Overall, the quality of Azadi Square in Kermanshah has not adequately met the functional needs of its users. Consequently, this research emphasizes the importance of understanding the relationship between behavioral patterns and the environment, enabling designers to enhance the quality of such spaces.

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Public spaces and social interactions have a two-way relationship. While the dense growth of cities, lack of land and lack of attention to these spaces in urban development programs has led to a per capita shortage of open and green space and reduce social interactions. District 10 of Tehran, as the most densely populated area in this metropolis, has a shortage of quantity and quality in public and open spaces. And other issues such as physical deterioration, urban landscape turmoil and a high rate of tenants, Low social security and the floating population have reduced the quality of existing public spaces and the level of social interaction in this area. In this way, the purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of evolving public spaces in order to promote social interactions in District 10 of Tehran. And its strategy is descriptive-survey , Data has collected by documentary and field studies and SWOT and QSPM techniques has used for analysis. The results have revealed that the diversity of activities, integration of land uses, social inclusion, access to public transport, social security, memorability, safety, use of all senses, readability, visibility, flexibility, urban furniture, materials on the urban furniture and pavement, climate comfort, and environmental health are effective factors on promoting social interaction in public spaces and the right conditions for the presence of children and the elderly will lead to increased supervision and social security. Strategies in the superior scenario including aggressive strategies (SO₁: Enhancing social security in existing public spaces, SO₂: Promoting per capita open and open spaces, SO₄: Developing local hangouts and micro spaces for community gathering, SO₅: Allocating multicultural, artistic spaces, sports venues, etc.) and conservative strategies (ST₁: reusing existing spaces inactive municipal ownership, ST₂: increasing citizens’ social participation). At last, for possibility of 6 prioritized strategies, 18 policies and 31 action plans are formulated.