Scientific Journals Management System

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The magnificent story of Rostam & Sohrab, which has been truly considered as one of greatest stories of the Shahnameh Epic, has attracted a wide audience of diverse status and background including serious researchers and instructors of this masterpiece. Among the one thousand verses or so, a number of verses have specially provided challenges for the interpreters of the great work of Iranian literature. Naturally, providing a full critical account of the viewpoints concerning all the challenging verses goes much beyond the scope of this paper. Hence, this paper addresses the existing critical comments on the very first two verses of the story. To this end, first, after stating the problem and briefing the background, we proceed to an evaluation of these views based on a clear typology of them prepared for the purpose of this study. Finally, we argue that there is a long way to go in order to publish a neat version of Shahnameh which is the true representation of Ferdowsi's poems. Furthermore, the existing interpretations are still far from being able to demystify the secrets of Shahnameh.
 

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The Persian literature and culture is praised for a rich and unique heritage. The poems of Mas'ud Sa'd' Salman is considered as one of the valuable literary legacies of Persian poetry. Accordingly, many scholars have written commentaries about the poem's of Mas'ud Sa'd. This paper includes the Descriptive bibliography of Mas'ud Sa'd Salman. These works are classified in four separate groups: individual books, parts of  books, theses and articles. The resources are listed historically and after introducing each work, a short explanation about its content follows.


 

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Undoubtedly, the Indian subcontinent has had an undeniable role in the enrichment and spread of Persian language and literature. It has led to the creation of some lasting works in various areas of literature, especially in Persian rhetoric, works that have been written with a unique creativity and innovation. In this study an attempt has been made to investigate three top rhetoric works in the Indian subcontinent: Jame al Sanay’ wal Awazan by Seif Jam Heravi, Sobhat al-Marjan wa Ghazlan al-Hind by Azad Belgerami and Hadaegh al-Balaghe by Faghir Dehlavi. It has been revealed that these three works in contrast with other Islamic rhetoric works, which have been in part influenced by Greek thoughts, are mainly written based on Sanskrit rhetoric. It has also been found that these three works not only include aesthetic criteria and literary figures, but also contain a kind of pragmatic criticism. Finally, the most significant commonalities of these works have been pointed out.

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Time is one of the elements that gives the fictional text its identity and distinguishes a story and a narrative. In addition, time takes on different functions in the fictional text and contributes to the progression of the story in various ways. The present research investigated the element of time in the novel “Chess with the Doomsday Machine” based on Gérard Genette’s theory. Considering the memory-like structure of the novel, anachronism has a high frequency in the text and calendar time is not of much significance. The interest of the author in writing the story based on his mental images has obviated the need to record the precise dates of the events. Drawing on the technique of breaking the time in the narrative, the author has created suspense in the story and resolved some of the ambiguities existing in the text. Frequent descriptions and attention to details have stopped the time of the narrative in most of the scenes of the story. In this novel, the frequency of the narrative of events is of singular type and, drawing on such a method, the author has tried to increase the pace and advancement of the story. The author of the novel “Chess with the Doomsday Machine” has utilized various time-related techniques and methods to narrate the transformation of the perspective of the protagonist of the story from a dogmatic to a relatively tolerant attitude and has wielded time techniques to cast doubt on many learned beliefs of the narrator.