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Volume 24, Issue 81 (Published issues 2017)
Abstract
Khaqani is one of the most important poets in Persian literature. His artistic personality is a complex character; he has worked on various branches of art and elegy is one of the main of these branches. Khaqani has composed over sixty elegies that are considered his masterpieces. His personal elegies are the most famous and the most artistically composed Persian elegies. Seven of these elegies he wrote on the death of his son, Rashid al-Din, which show his extreme sorrow and grief. The colours have a particular psychological impact on the images of these elegies. Khaqani with three colours (red, black and yellow) has created themes and poetic images in these elegies. These three colors are not present in these elegies randomly or accidentally, but according to the new psychology his choices stem from his unconscious. The present research studies the influence of colours and their psychological function in Khaqani's personal elegies on the death of his son, Rashid al-Din.
Nasser Alizadeh, Mahnaz Mehdizad Farid,
Volume 25, Issue 82 (Published issues 2017)
Abstract
Gérard Genette is a French structuralist theorist and critic. In this paper we have investigated the speed and time technique of narration in the story of Varqa and Golshah by Ayyuqi from the viewpoint of Genette. The result of the structural study of Varqa and Golshah indicates that for the normal progress of the story and to avoid any ambiguity the writer has chosen the present time as the base and main time. Internal retrospective anachronism in the context of the story is used to inform the audience or restating the memories, and anticipative anachronism is only used to express the ambitions of the characters of the story. The study of duration shows that the story has been narrated with negative acceleration. By using this element, the writer has built the desired form of his story and has been able to increase the epic aspect of the story more than its lyric aspect. The element of frequency has been investigated from the singular, repetition, and frequent aspects. The results show that these elements have caused the text to progress fast and have led to meaningful repetition of events and emphasis on them.
Phd Vida Dastmalchi,
Volume 31, Issue 94 (6-2023)
Abstract
In the series of research and psychological criticism of Sadegh Hedayat’s works, the issue of the evil mother among his various fictional characters deserves a separate study. The term “evil mother” derives from the dual aspect of the mother’s archetype in mythological psychology, which has been applied to the realm of humanities studies by the theories of Freud and Jung and their students. Hedayat depicted the evil mother and the consequences of her presence in the lives of the main characters of his stories in the novel Buf-e-kur (The Blind Owl) with the fluid character of the narrator’s mother (narrator’s aunt / narrator’s aunt’s daughter), in the short story Se ghatre khun (three drops of blood) with the character of Rokhsareh (evil woman), in Abji Khanom (Mrs. Abji), with the character of Abji’s mother, in Zani ke mardash ra gom kard (the woman who lost her husband) with the character of Zarrin Kolah’s mother and Zarrin Kolah herself, and in his two unpublished stories with the characters of the mother of the spider and the mother of the murdered man. Adopting a descriptive-analytical method, the present article investigates the power of the evil mother’s influence on the tragic fate of the characters in Hedayat’s works (mother complex, psychosis, suicide, homicide). The findings indicated that there are symbols with the supporting role of the evil mother in Hedayat’s stories. Hence, the influence of the evil mother in the lives of the main characters is predictable i.e., confrontation with the mother, psychosis, suicide and homicide are repeated fates of characters in these stories.
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