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Scary Tehran by Moshfegh Kashani is considered as a pioneering social novel in Iran.In this article, we have tried to examine this novel from the social science perspective in order to explain its semiotics and answer the question of what signs this novel implies and whether the symptoms are ideological. To this end, following some preliminary introduction of the science of semiotics, we have analyzed the manifestation of signs in this literary work. Our findings indicate that the author has efficiently benefited from using signs in order to portray social problems such as social class differences, bipolar social system, and injustice. Further, the author  highlights the ideological concept of the symptoms and signs and how they represent the contrasts between the rich and the poor of late Qajar Tehran.

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Fariba Wafi is a successful writer who described the family and social life of contemporary Iranian women and bringing them into the real-life stories trying to show their problems. This research is an attempt to investigate Fariba Wafi's collection of short stories Even when We Laugh by following Fairclough's approach to critical discourse analysis. In Fiarclough's approach, a text is checked on three different levels. The three levels are: 1. The description level, which is based on formal analysis, grammar, vocabulary, pronouns, verbs and adverbs modality; 2. The interpretation level of the text, which is based on situational context and analyzes the intertextual factors; and 3. Explanation level that explains the production of texts and the dominant discourse and ideology and power play in the text. Discussing the text of the stories on all three levels reveal the following points: 1. Description and use of the words "wife" and "husband" and frequency indicative verbs and adverbs reflect the author's commitment to the truth of the prepositions of the story 2. The frequency of the pronoun "we" reflects the author's identification with all women. 3. In the interpretation of this collection, she questions the living conditions of women under the influence of feminist writers, such as Virginia Woolf and Simone de Beauvoir 4. In the explanation, it is clear that the women's stories depend on the patriarchal power of men. Although in Wafi’s short stories, women live in today's world and apparently are freed from the shackles of traditional society, in reality they are under the dominance of the psychological and male-dominated society and the patriarchic traditions, so that their identity depends on the presence of a man like husband, brother, and the like.
 

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New Iranian fiction is the birthplace of modern and progressive ideas. For example, it is an arena where women play a role both as writers and as influential heroes in the creation of events. In this new literature, women are the subject of problems in many stories. One of these problems is violence against women. In this paper, we made an attempt to investigate violence, its types and tools and various causes of its occurrence in selected novels of the 1940s entitled Sang-e Sabour, Showhar-e Ahou Khanom, Shazde Ehtejab, and Suvashon by means of which to portray their authors’ attitudes toward women’s rights and issues in the society. Analyzing the contents of the aforementioned works, the most violence in its hidden and overt forms can be seen in Showhar-e Ahou Khanom, followed by Sang-e Sabour, Shazde Ehtejab and Suvashon, respectively. Numerous factors play a role in the occurrence of this violence: culture, customs and traditions, religious beliefs, family and the patriarchal attitude and women’s ignorance of their rights, are among the causes. The issue of violence against women in the novels shows that the writers of this period, as intellectuals and reformers in the society, have a feminist attitude and try to defend women’s rights by protesting against the ruling sexist traditions and criticizing the patriarchal domination and showing the unfavorable social conditions and inferior status of women.  
 

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The tree has a special importance in Persian poetry. Religious, mythological, moral, mystical and political cultural elements have propositions influenced by trees. After water and the sun, the tree is an important phenomenon from which special literary elements and situations are created. With the emergence of various political events in the last century, on the one hand, and the creation of many ideas and artistic styles, on the other hand, the creative ways of connecting natural phenomena with human elements are highlighted. The image of the tree in the new poem finds a new and multifaceted expression. Modernist poets give special roles to non-human elements, and from this middle, the tree of human-like kinship is the one that shows the evolution of human society in its stature. By analyzing and describing the poetic evidence in a library method, it is revealed in the thought of the selected poets that the tree is a diagram of personal failures, love, a medium of perception, an indicator of freedom, an indicator of the ecosystem, symbolism, the image of death and friendship, reflection Tyranny and denial of human existence in the rule of tyranny.
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From the perspective of mysticism, man is a traveler who is a guest in this world for a period of time and finally returns to his original home. This point of view shows the importance of travel in mystical teachings and literature. The mystics believe in two types of journey in the horizon and journey in the soul based on the Holy Quran. The mystic sees the absolute existence of God in the mirror of existence. In his cosmic journey, he not only observes the sights of the visible world with the eyes of the head, but also observes the truth of creation with the eyes of the heart and walking in the soul, behind the curtain of beings. The course of Afaq and Self has been taken into consideration in Maulavi's thought and works, especially in Fiehmafieh. In Fehmafiyyah, Maulana considered the course of the universe to be the beginning of the course of the soul, and by presenting his mystical views on the course of the universe and its elements, he mentioned the course of the soul. In this research, using library sources and in a descriptive-analytical way, the subject of the worldly passage and Maulavi's mystical interpretations of it have been investigated in Fihmafih. The findings of the research show that in Fiehmafieh, the cosmic and personal journey plays an important role in explaining the mystical teachings of Rumi, and a significant part of the examples and allegories presented in this book in order to make the mystical meanings tangible and to know the right path, are related to the cosmic journey and is the soul