Volume 10, Issue 20 (11-2020)
JRSM 2020, 10(20): 138-150 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Ramesh S, Azadian E, Majlesi M. The Comparison and Relationship between Cognitive and Motor Function in Elderly with and without Falling Experience. JRSM 2020; 10 (20) :138-150
URL: http://jrsm.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2748-en.html
URL: http://jrsm.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2748-en.html
1- Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch
2- Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch ,azadian1@yahoo.com
2- Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch ,
Abstract: (4537 Views)
The evaluation of cognitive and motor performance can lead to a recognition of the risk factors associated with falling. The aim of this study was to compare cognitive and motor functions in elderly with and without experience of falling. In so doing, 60 elderly with and without falling experience voluntarily participated in this study. Mini Mental examination Test, working memory capacity test, reaction time, inhibition test, Berg balance test, tandem balance test, 6-minute walking test and balance confidence test were all administered to the groups. To analyze the data thus obtained, and to examine the relationship between the variables for estimated fall, independent samples t-test and regression analysis were run. The significance level was considered as p<0.05. The results showed that elderly people with fall experience had a weaker cognitive and balance-maintenance performance than those without such experience (p<0.05). The results of correlation and regression analyses indicated that Berg balance test, tandem, inhibition and MMSE had the strongest relationship with falling. Based on these results, it can be claimed that fall in elderly is associated with poor balance as well as cognitive decline. Age is one of the predictors of falling, and about 25% of motor activities are related to cognitive capacities.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
motor behavior
Received: 2018/10/16 | Accepted: 2018/11/20 | ePublished ahead of print: 2020/10/24 | Published: 2020/11/30
Received: 2018/10/16 | Accepted: 2018/11/20 | ePublished ahead of print: 2020/10/24 | Published: 2020/11/30
References
1. 1. Wollesen B, Voelcker-Rehage C. Training effects on motor-cognitive dual-task performance in older adults. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity. 2014:1-20. [DOI:10.1007/s11556-013-0122-z]
2. Faulkner JA, Larkin LM, Claflin DR, Brooks SV. Age related changes in the structure and function of skeletal muscles. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. 2007;34(11):1091-6. [DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04752.x]
3. Barbieri G, Gissot A-S, Pérennou D. Ageing of the postural vertical. Age. 2010;32(1):51-60. [DOI:10.1007/s11357-009-9112-5]
4. Borel L, Alescio-Lautier B. Posture and cognition in the elderly: Interaction and contribution to the rehabilitation strategies. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology. 2013. [DOI:10.1016/j.neucli.2013.10.129]
5. Barin K, Dodson EE. Dizziness in the elderly. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 2011;44(2):437-54. [DOI:10.1016/j.otc.2011.01.013]
6. Borel L, Alescio-Lautier B. Posture and cognition in the elderly: Interaction and contribution to the rehabilitation strategies. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology. 2014;44(1):95-107. [DOI:10.1016/j.neucli.2013.10.129]
7. Salthouse TA. Does the level at which cognitive change occurs change with age? Psychological science. 2012;23(1):18-23. [DOI:10.1177/0956797611421615]
8. Nottoli MJ. Falls Prevention. Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health: Springer; 2008. p. 350-1. [DOI:10.1007/978-0-387-33754-8_172]
9. Stark SL, Roe CM, Grant EA, Hollingsworth H, Benzinger TL, Fagan AM, et al. Preclinical Alzheimer disease and risk of falls. Neurology. 2013;81(5):437-43. [DOI:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31829d8599]
10. Allali G, Assal F, Kressig RW, Dubost V, Herrmann FR, Beauchet O. Impact of impaired executive function on gait stability. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. 2008;26(4):364-9. [DOI:10.1159/000162358]
11. Sheridan PL, Solomont J, Kowall N, Hausdorff JM. Influence of executive function on locomotor function: divided attention increases gait variability in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2003;51(11):1633-7. [DOI:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51516.x]
12. Montero-Odasso M, Bergman H, Phillips NA, Wong CH, Sourial N, Chertkow H. Dual-tasking and gait in people with mild cognitive impairment. The effect of working memory. BMC geriatrics. 2009;9(1):41. [DOI:10.1186/1471-2318-9-41]
13. Allali G, Dubois B, Assal F, Lallart E, de Souza LC, Bertoux M, et al. Frontotemporal dementia: pathology of gait? Movement Disorders. 2010;25(6):723-9. [DOI:10.1002/mds.22927]
14. Stuss DT, Alexander MP. Executive functions and the frontal lobes: A conceptual view. Psychological Research. 2000;63(3-4):289-98. [DOI:10.1007/s004269900007]
15. Springer S, Giladi N, Peretz C, Yogev G, Simon ES, Hausdorff JM. Dual‐tasking effects on gait variability: The role of aging, falls, and executive function. Movement Disorders. 2006;21(7):950-7. [DOI:10.1002/mds.20848]
16. Hausdorff JM DG, Springer S, Yogev G, Giladi N, Simon ES. A common cognitive profile in elderly fallers and in patients with Parkinson's disease: the prominence of impaired executive function and attention. Exp Aging Res. 2006;32:411-29. [DOI:10.1080/03610730600875817]
17. Springer S, Giladi N, Peretz C, Yogev G, Simon ES, Hausdorff JM. Dual-tasking effects on gait variability: The role of aging, falls, and executive function. Movement Disorders. 2006;21(7):950-7. [DOI:10.1002/mds.20848]
18. Smith-Ray RL, Hughes SL, Prohaska TR, Little DM, Jurivich DA, Hedeker D. Impact of cognitive training on balance and gait in older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 2013:gbt097. [DOI:10.1093/geronb/gbt097]
19. Mozolic JL, Long AB, Morgan AR, Rawley-Payne M, Laurienti PJ. A cognitive training intervention improves modality-specific attention in a randomized controlled trial of healthy older adults. Neurobiology of aging. 2011;32(4):655-68. [DOI:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.013]
20. Baddeley A. Working memory, thought, and action: Oxford University Press; 2007. [DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198528012.001.0001]
21. Wollesen B, Voelcker-Rehage C, Willer J, Zech A, Mattes K. Feasibility study of dual-task-managing training to improve gait performance of older adults. Aging clinical and experimental research. 2015:1-9. [DOI:10.1007/s40520-014-0301-4]
22. Herman T, Mirelman A, Giladi N, Schweiger A, Hausdorff JM. Executive control deficits as a prodrome to falls in healthy older adults: A prospective study linking thinking, walking, and falling. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2010;65 A(10):1086-92. [DOI:10.1093/gerona/glq077]
23. Hausdorff JM, Yogev G, Springer S, Simon ES, Giladi N. Walking is more like catching than tapping: Gait in the elderly as a complex cognitive task. Experimental Brain Research. 2005;164(4):541-8. [DOI:10.1007/s00221-005-2280-3]
24. Yogev-Seligmann G HJ, Giladi N. The role of executive function and attention in gait. Mov Disord. 2008;23:329-42. [DOI:10.1002/mds.21720]
25. Sheridan PL, Hausdorff JM. The role of higher-level cognitive function in gait: executive dysfunction contributes to fall risk in Alzheimer's disease. Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. 2007;24(2):125-37. [DOI:10.1159/000105126]
26. Smith-Ray RL, Hughes SL, Prohaska TR, Little DM, Jurivich DA, Hedeker D. Impact of cognitive training on balance and gait in older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 2013;70(3):357-66. [DOI:10.1093/geronb/gbt097]
27. Azadian E, Torbati HRT, Kakhki ARS, Farahpour N. The effect of dual task and executive training on pattern of gait in older adults with balance impairment: A Randomized controlled trial. Archives of gerontology and geriatrics. 2016;62:83-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.archger.2015.10.001]
28. Li KZ, Roudaia E, Lussier M, Bherer L, Leroux A, McKinley P. Benefits of cognitive dual-task training on balance performance in healthy older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2010;65(12):1344-52. [DOI:10.1093/gerona/glq151]
29. Azadian E, Taheri HR, Saberi Kakhki A, Farahpour N. Effects of Dual-Tasks on Spatial-Temporal Parameters of Gait in Older Adults With Impaired Balance. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2016;11(1):100-9. [DOI:10.21859/sija-1101100]
30. Behdarvandi M. Mini-Mental State Examination. Institute of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, Sina. 2012.
31. Salari S, Shaeiri MR, Asghari-Moghaddam MA. Psychometric Characteristics of the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) in a Sample of Iranian Elderly. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2014;20(1):74-84.
32. Remaud A, Boyas S, Caron GAR, Bilodeau M. Attentional Demands Associated With Postural Control Depend on Task Difficulty and Visual Condition. Journal of Motor Behavior. 2012;44(5):329-40. [DOI:10.1080/00222895.2012.708680]
33. de Ruiter SC, de Jonghe JF, Germans T, Ruiter JH, Jansen RW. Cognitive impairment is very common in elderly patients with syncope and unexplained falls. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2017;18(5):409-13. [DOI:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.11.012]
34. Sharma S, Mueller C, Stewart R, Veronese N, Vancampfort D, Koyanagi A, et al. Predictors of falls and fractures leading to hospitalization in people with dementia: A representative cohort study. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2018. [DOI:10.1016/j.jamda.2018.03.009]
35. Okubo Y, Schoene D, Lord SR. Step training improves reaction time, gait and balance and reduces falls in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(7):586-93. [DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095452]
36. Taylor ME, Lord SR, Delbaere K, Kurrle SE, Mikolaizak AS, Close JC. Reaction time and postural sway modify the effect of executive function on risk of falls in older people with mild to moderate cognitive impairment. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2017;25(4):397-406. [DOI:10.1016/j.jagp.2016.10.010]
37. Melzer I, Kurz I, Shahar D, Levi M, Oddsson L. Application of the voluntary step execution test to identify elderly fallers. Age and ageing. 2007;36(5):532-7. [DOI:10.1093/ageing/afm068]
38. Schoene D, Delbaere K, Lord SR. Impaired Response Selection During Stepping Predicts Falls in Older People-A Cohort Study. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2017;18(8):719-25. [DOI:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.03.010]
39. jafari m, SHamshiri M. Reviewing the static and dynamic balance in predicting the risk of falls in elderly people in tehran. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Urmia University of Medical Sciences. 2015;12(11):1045-53.
40. Adkin AL, Frank JS, Carpenter MG, Peysar GW. Fear of falling modifies anticipatory postural control. Experimental brain research. 2002;143(2):160-70. [DOI:10.1007/s00221-001-0974-8]
41. Melzer I, Benjuya N, Kaplanski J. Postural stability in the elderly: a comparison between fallers and non-fallers. Age and ageing. 2004;33(6):602-7. [DOI:10.1093/ageing/afh218]
42. Mikó I, Szerb I, Szerb A, Poor G. Effectiveness of balance training programme in reducing the frequency of falling in established osteoporotic women: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical rehabilitation. 2017;31(2):217-24. [DOI:10.1177/0269215516628616]
43. Quach L, Galica AM, Jones RN, Procter‐Gray E, Manor B, Hannan MT, et al. The nonlinear relationship between gait speed and falls: the maintenance of balance, independent living, intellect, and zest in the elderly of Boston study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2011;59(6):1069-73. [DOI:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03408.x]
44. Kim JW, Eom GM, Kim CS, Kim DH, Lee JH, Park BK, et al. Sex differences in the postural sway characteristics of young and elderly subjects during quiet natural standing. Geriatrics & gerontology international. 2010;10(2):191-8. [DOI:10.1111/ggi.12453]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
