Volume 8, Issue 16 (12-2018)
JRSM 2018, 8(16): 29-46 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Asefi A A, Ghanbar Poor Nosrati A. The effective factors model in institutionalization of sport for all in Iran. JRSM 2018; 8 (16) :29-46
URL: http://jrsm.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2769-en.html
URL: http://jrsm.khu.ac.ir/article-1-2769-en.html
Abstract: (9908 Views)
The purpose of this research was the explanting effective factors model in institutionalization of sport for all in Iran. The research method was mixed method in type of exploratory. The statistical population in part of factors recognition was composed of all specialists in sport for all and institutionalization and in part of design and testing of model, statistical population was composed of all managers and experts responsible for sport for all that research sample was selected with census method. (306 person) Measurement tool was a questionnaire compiled by the researcher which its validity was investigated by study of theoretical basis and surveys of 10 professors and experts and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0/91 was calculated. The research results revealed the research model have four dimensions include individual, group, organizational and environmental with 28 factors. The proportionality indices of research model were at an acceptable level, that is, research model had a good proportionality and factor structure of it was acceptable. Finally, results of the second-order confirmatory factor analysis showed the most important dimension in institutionalization of sport for all in Iran was organizational dimension (0/93, t = 7/34) and afterwards were group (0/82, t = 7/46), environmental (0/70, t = 6/34) and individual dimension (0/65, t = 7/31). The most important factor in organizational dimension was human resources (0/67, t = 6/91), in group dimension was the reference groups (0/65, t = 7/37), in environmental dimension was the economic, cultural and geographical environment (0/59, t = 6/08, 6/04, 6/05) and finally, in individual dimension, belief and attitude (0/75, t = 9/78) was most important factor.
Keywords: Human Resources, Reference group, Belief and Attitude, Institutionalization, Sport for all, Iran
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
sport management
Received: 2015/03/30 | Accepted: 2016/05/3 | Published: 2018/11/29
Received: 2015/03/30 | Accepted: 2016/05/3 | Published: 2018/11/29
References
1. مطالعه تفصیلی توسعه ورزش همگانی و تفریحی، سازمان تربیت بدنی، 1382.
2. کاشف، میرمحمد (1379)، بررسی وضعیت ورزش همگانی در ایران و توصیه هایی برای توسعه آن، طرح ملی زیر نظر شورای پژوهش های علمی ایران.
3. قره، محمدعلی (1384)، بررسی وضعیت ورزش همگانی در ایران و مقایسه آن با چند کشور جهان، رساله دکتری، دانشگاه تربیت معلم.
4. آفرینش خاکی، اکبر، تندنویس، فریدون و مظفری، سید احمد (1384). مقایسه دیدگاه های اعضای هیئت علمی، مربیان، ورزشکاران و مدیران درمورد چگونگی توسعه ورزش همگانی، نشریه علوم حرکتی و ورزش، جلد اول، شماره 5، صص: 22-1.
5. ممتازبخش، مریم و فکور، یوسف (1386). راهکارهای ارتقاء و توسعۀ ورزش همگانی بانوان دانشگاه علوم انتظامی، فصلنامه دانش انتظامی، سال نهم، شماره 10، صص: 62-53.
6. غفرانی، محسن، گودرزی، محمود، سجادی، سیدنصراله، جلالی فراهانی، مجید و مقرنسی، مهدی (1388). طراحی و تدوین راهبرد توسعه ورزش همگانی استان سیستان و بلوچستان، نشریه حرکت، شماره 39.
7. مرادی، مهدی، هنری، حبیب و احمدی، عبدالحمید(1390). بررسی نقش چهارگانه رسانههای ورزشی در توسعه فرهنگ ورزش همگانی. مدیریت ورزشی، شماره 9، صص، 180-167.
8. غفوری، فرزاد، کشکر، سارا و چوپانکاره، وحید (1390). تحلیل عوامل موثر بر توسعه ورزش همگانی از دیدگاه مدیران ورزش شهری تهران، مجموعه مقالات همایش ملی تفریحات ورزشی، مدیریت و برنامه ریزی تفریحات ورزشی، سازمان ورزش و ادراه کل مطالعات فرهنگی، اجتماعی شهرداری تهران.
9. جوادی پور، محمد، قویدل سرکندی، مژده و سمیع نیا، مونا (1391). ارائۀ چارچوب نظری و طراحی الگو برای توسعۀ ورزش همگانی در ایران. مطالعات مدیریت ورزشی، شماره 21، صص، 148-127.
10. گودرزی، محمود، نصیرزاده، عبدالمهدی، فراهانی، ابوالفضل و وطن دوست، مریم (1392). طراحی و تدوین راهبرد توسعه ورزش همگانی استان کرمان، مدیریت ورزشی، شماره 17، صص، 172-149.
11. صفاری، مرجان (1392). طراحی مدل ورزش همگانی ایران، رساله دکتری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
12. آقاجانی، نوشین و نادری نژاد، پریچهر (1390). بررسی نقش وسایل ارتباط جمعی (نشریات، رادیو و تلوزیون) در اشاعه فرهنگ ورزش همگانی، فصلنامه فرهنگ ارتباطات، سال اول، شماره اول، صص: 167-139.
13. سعیدی، علی اصغر (1390). بررسی عوامل تاثیرگذار بر میزان گرایش شهروندان به مشارکت در ورزش‌های همگانی، ورزش همگانی و شهروندان تهرانی، اداره کل مطالعات اجتماعی و فرهنگی شهرداری تهران، تهران: انتشارات جامعه و فرهنگ.
14. سید عامری، میرحسن و قربان بردی، محمدآلق (1391). تبیین راهکارهای جذب و افزایش مشارکت شهروندان در برنامه های ورزش همگانی و تفریحی (مطالعه موردی ارومیه)، پژوهش‌های مدیریت ورزشی و علوم حرکتی، سال دوم، شماره 4، صص: 34-23.
15. غفوری، فرزاد (1386). مطالعه انواع ورزش های همگانی و تفریحات مطلوب جامعه و ارائه مدل برای برنامه ریزی های آینده، دفتر ملی مدیریت و توسعه ورزش کشور، سازمان تربیت بدنی جمهوری اسلامی ایران.
16. کاشف، میرمحمد و عراقی، محسن (1390). چالش های پیش روی ورزش همگانی و تفریحی در ایران و راهبردهای آن، مجموعه مقالات همایش ملی تفریحات ورزشی، مدیریت و برنامه ریزی تفریحات ورزشی، سازمان ورزش و ادراه کل مطالعات فرهنگی، اجتماعی شهرداری تهران.
17. شهبازی، مهدی، شعبانی مقدم، کیوان و صفاری، مرجان (1392). ورزش همگانی (ضرورت، موانع و راهکارها). فصلنامه مجلس و راهبرد، سال 20، شماره 76، صص، 97-69.
18. اتقیا، ناهید (1380)، بررسی تحلیلی سابقه، اهداف و استراتژی های ورزش همگانی در ایران (از سال 1359 تا 1380)، مجله ورزش و علوم حرکتی، شمارۀ 1، صص: 81-75.
19. عادلخانی، امین، واعظ موسوی، سیدمحمد کاظم و فراهانی، ابوالفضل (1391). سرمایه‌فرهنگی شرکت کنندگان در ورزش-همگانی (سیاست گذاری و راه کارها)، فصلنامه مجلس و راهبرد، سال 19، شماره 69، صص: 32-5.
20. سلطانی تیرانی (1376)، تبیین الگوی مناسب نهادی کردن بهبود و نوآوری در صنایع، رساله دکتری، دانشگاه تهران.
21. روزبیانی، مانیا، (1380). مقایسه برخی از ویژگی های زنان شرکت کننده در ورزش های همگانی شهر تهران (پارک ها، باشگاه ها و کوهپایه ها)، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران.
22. روشندل‌اربطانی، طاهر (1386). تبیین جایگاه رسانههای همگانی در نهادینه‌کردن ورزش‌همگانی درکشور، مجله حرکت، شماره 33.
23. Jensen, M. K., Chiuve, S. E., Rimm, E. B., Dethlefsen, C., Tjonneland, A., Joensen, A. M., et al. (2008). Obesity, Behavioral Lifestyle Factors, and Risk of Acute Coronary Events, Circulation, Vol. 117, Pp: 3062-9. [DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.759951]
24. Lollgen, H., Bockenhoff, A., Knapp, G. (2009). Physical Activity and All-Cause Mortality: An Updated Meta-Analysis with Different Intensity Categories, Int J Sports Med, Vol. 30, Pp: 213-24. [DOI:10.1055/s-0028-1128150]
25. Lee, I. M., & Skerrett, P. J. (2001). Physical activity and all-cause mortality: what is the dose-response relation? Med Sci Sports Exerc, Vol. 33, Pp: S459-S471. [DOI:10.1097/00005768-200106001-00016]
26. Lee, I. M., & Paffenbarger, R. S., Jr. (2000). Associations of light, moderate, and vigorous intensity physical activity with longevity: The Harvard alumni health study, American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol, 151, Pp: 293-299. [DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010205]
27. Knowler, W. C., Barrett-Connor, E., Fowler, S. E., Hamman, R. F., Lachin, J. M., Walker, E.A., & Nathan, D. M. (2002). Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin, N Engl J Med, Vol. 346, Pp: 393- 403. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa012512]
28. Vuori, I. M. (2001). Health benefits of physical activity with special reference to interaction with diet, Public Health Nutr, Vol. 4, Pp: 517-528. [DOI:10.1079/PHN2001137]
29. Brosse, A.L., Sheets, E. S., Lett, H. S., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2002). Exercise and the treatment of clinical depression in adults: recent findings and future directions, Sp Med, Vol. 32, Pp: 741-760. [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200232120-00001]
30. Wing, R. R., & Hill, J. O. (2001). Successful weight loss maintenance. Annu Rev Nutr, Vol. 21, Pp: 323-341. [DOI:10.1146/annurev.nutr.21.1.323]
31. Breslow, R. A., Ballard-Barbash, R., Munoz, K., & Graubard, B. I. (2001). Long-term recreational physical activity and breast cancer in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I epidemiologic follow-up study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, Vol. 10, Pp: 805- 808.
32. Slattery, M. L., & Potter, J. D. (2002). Physical activity and colon cancer: confounding or interaction? Med Sci Sports Exerc, Vol. 34, Pp: 913-919. [DOI:10.1097/00005768-200206000-00002]
33. DiLorenzo, T. M., Bargman, E. P., Stucky-Ropp, R., Brassington, G. S., Frensch, P. A., & LaFontaine, T. (1999). Long-term effects of aerobic exercise on psychological outcomes, Preventive Medicine, Vol. 28, Pp: 75-85. [DOI:10.1006/pmed.1998.0385]
34. Kahn, E. B., Ramsey, L. T., Brownson, R. C., Heath, G. W., Howze, E. H., Powell, K. E., Stone, E. J., Rajab, M. W., Corso, P., & The Task Force on Community Preventive Services (2002). The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Vol, 22, No. 4S, Pp: 73-107. [DOI:10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00434-8]
35. Green, B. C., & Chalip, L. (1998). Sport tourism as the celebration of subculture, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 25, Pp: 275-291. [DOI:10.1016/S0160-7383(97)00073-X]
36. Mannell, R. C., & Kleiber, D. A. (1997). A social psychology of leisure, State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
37. Marcus, B. H., Dubbert, P. M., Forsyth, L. A., McKenzie, T. L., Stone, E. J., Dunn, A. L., and Blair, S. N. (2000). Physical Activity Behavior Change: Issues in Adoption and Maintenance, Health Psychology, Vol. 19, No. l, Pp: 32-41. [DOI:10.1037/0278-6133.19.Suppl1.32]
38. Aoyagi, Y., Park, H., Watanabe, E., Park, S., Shephard, R. J. (2009). Habitual physical activity and physical fitness in older Japanese adults: The Nakanojo Stu, Gerontology, Vol. 55, Pp: 523-31. [DOI:10.1159/000236326]
39. Hankinson, A. L., Daviglus, M. L., Bouchard, C., et al. (2010). Maintaining a high physical activity level over 20 years and weight gain, JAMA, Vol. 304, Pp: 2603-10. [DOI:10.1001/jama.2010.1843]
40. Haskell, W. L., Lee, I. M., Pate, R. R., et al. (2007). Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation, Vol. 116, Pp: 1081-93. [DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185649]
41. Iwasaki, Y., & Mannell, R. C. (2000). Hierarchical dimensions of leisure stress coping, Leisure Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 3, Pp: 163-181. [DOI:10.1080/01490409950121843]
42. Beram, J. A., & Semotiuk, D. (1991). Sport for All: facts and fantasy in the United States and Canada. In J. Standeven (Eds.) Sport for All in the 90s. Aachen, Germany:Meyer and Meyer Verlag.
43. Scott, R. W. (2001). Institutions and Organizations, Sec ed. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
44. Goodman, P, S., Bazerman, M. & Conlon, E. (1980). Institutionalization of Planned Organizational Change, Tepper School of Business. Paper 895.
45. Kostova, T and Roth, K. (2002). Adoption of an Organizational Practice by Subsidiaries of Multinational Corporations: Institutional and Relational Effects, Aca Manag J, Vol. 45, Pp: 215-233. [DOI:10.5465/3069293]
46. Zucher, L.G. (1987). Institutional theories of organizations. Annual Review of Sociology. 13, 443-464. [DOI:10.1146/annurev.so.13.080187.002303]
47. Berger, P.L., & Luckmann, T. (1967). The social construction of reality. New York: Doubleday.
48. Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority. (2010). VCE physical education (2011-2014). Unit 3: Social Ecological Model. Melbourne: Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority.
49. Cynarski, W. J. (2006). The institutionalization of martial arts, European Journal for Sport and Society, Vol. 3, No. 1, Pp: 55-61. [DOI:10.1080/16138171.2006.11687779]
50. Brownson, R., Baker, E., Housemann, R. A., Brennan, L. K., and Bacak, S. J. (2001). Environmental and Policy Determinants of Physical Activity in the United States, American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 19, No. 12. [DOI:10.2105/AJPH.91.12.1995]
51. Biddle, S. et al (2005). Increasing Demand for Sport and Physical Activity by Girls Published by: Sportscotland Caledonia House, South Gyle Edinburgh, EH12 9DQ, www.sportscotland.org.uk
52. Yfantidou, G., Tsernou, A., Michalopoulos, M., Costa, G. (2011). Criteria of Participation at the Sport and Recreation Services of Municipal Organizations, International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation & Tourism, Vol.7, Pp.1-10. [DOI:10.5199/ijsmart-1791-874X-7a]
53. Hallmann, K., Wicker, P. and Breuer, C. (2011). Individual and Infrastructural Determinants of Participation in Different Sports, 19th Conference of the European Association for Sport Management.
54. Cain, R. A., and Carolina, C. N. (2007). Institutionalizing Organizational Values in the Cary Fire Department, An applied research project submitted to the National Fire Academy as part of the Executive Fire Officer Program.
55. Pan, F. C., and Chen, C-H. (2010). Application of the Transtheoretical Model of Exercise Behavior Change Plan in High School Students, International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 10, Pp: 682-685.
56. Brinthaupt, T. M., Kang, M., and Anshel, M. H. (2013). Changes in exercise Commitment Following a Values-Based Wellness Program, Journal of Sport Behavior, Vol. 36, No,1,Pp:3-22.
57. Kilpatrich, M., Herbert, E. & Bartholomew, J. (2005). College students' motivation for physical activity: differentiating men's and women's motives for sport participation and exercise, Journal of American College Health, Vol. 54, No. 2, PP: 87-94. [DOI:10.3200/JACH.54.2.87-94]
58. Allender, S., Cowburn, G., and Foster, C. (2006). Understanding participation in sport and physical activity among children and adults: a review of qualitative studies, Health Education Research, Vol. 21, No. 6, Pp: 826-835. [DOI:10.1093/her/cyl063]
59. Casper, J. M., Gray, D. P., and Stellino, B. M. (2007). A Sport Commitment Model Perspective on Adult Tennis Players' Participation Frequency and Purchase Intention, Sport Management Review, Vol. 10, Pp: 253-278. [DOI:10.1016/S1441-3523(07)70014-1]
60. Casper, J. M. & Stellino, M. B. (2008). Demographic Predictors of Recreational Tennis Participants' Sport Commitment, Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, Vol. 26, No. 3, Pp: 93-115.
61. Casey, M. M., Eime, R. M., Payne, W. R., & Harvey, J. T. (2009). Using a socioecological approach to examine participation in sport and physical activity among rural adolescent girls. Qualitative Health Research, Vol. 19, No. 7, Pp: 881-893. [DOI:10.1177/1049732309338198]
62. Young, B. W. and Medic, N. (2011). Examining social influences on the sport commitment of Masters swimmers, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, Vol. 12, Pp: 168-175. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.09.004]
63. Wood, L. (2011). Continued Sport Participation and the Negotiation of Constraints, Dissertation, The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada.
64. Jakicic, J. M., Wing, R. R., Butler, B. A., et al. (1995). Prescribing exercise in multiple short bouts versus one continuous bout: effects on adherence, cardio respiratory fitness, and weight loss in overweight women, Intl Obesity, Vol. 19, Pp: 893-901.
65. Daigle, K. G., (2003). Gender Differences in Participation of Physical Activites: A Comprehensive Model Approch, A Dissertation, Louisiana State University.
66. Carless, D. (2007) Phases in physical activity initiation and maintenance among men with serious mental illness. International journal of mental health promotion, Vol. 9, No. 2, Pp: 17-27. [DOI:10.1080/14623730.2007.9721835]
67. Seok Choi, Y., Martin, J. J., Park, M., & Yoh, T. (2009). Motivational Factors Influencing Sport Spectator Involvement At NCAA Division II Basketball Games, Journal for the Study o f Sports and Athletes in Education, Vol. 3, No. 3, Pp: 265-284. [DOI:10.1179/ssa.2009.3.3.265]
68. Berger, I. E., O'Reilly, N., Parent, M. M., Séguin, B. and Hernandez, T. (2008). Determinants of Sport Participation Among Canadian Adolescents, Sport Management Review, Vol. 11, Pp: 277-307. [DOI:10.1016/S1441-3523(08)70113-X]
69. Bauman, A. E., Bellew, B., Owen, N., Vita, P. (2001). Impact of an Australian mass media campaign targeting physical activity in 1998. Am J Prev Med; 21:41 - 7. [DOI:10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00313-0]
70. Miles, A., Rapoport, L., Wardle, J., Afuape, T., Duman, M. (2001). Using the mass media to target obesity: an analysis of the characteristics and reported behavior change of participants in the BBC's 'Fighting Fat, Fighting Fit' campaign. Health Educ Res, Vol. 16, Pp: 357-72. [DOI:10.1093/her/16.3.357]
71. Humbert, M., Chad, K., Spink, K., Muhajarine, N., Anderson, K., Bruner, M., et al. (2006). Factors that influence physical activity participation among high- and low-SES youth. Qualitative Health Research, Vol. 16, Pp: 467-483. [DOI:10.1177/1049732305286051]
72. Cheuk Man, L. (2009). Parental Influence on Children's Participation in Physical Activity, Dissertation, Hong Kong Bapist University.
73. Humphreys, B. and Ruseski, J. (2007). Participation in Physical Activity and Government Spending on Parks and Recreation, Contemporary Economic Policy, Pp: 1-15.
74. Bagherzade, M. and Sara, H. (2012). The Survey of influencing Factors in institutionalization of E-banking Services in Banks (Case Study: Keshavarzi Bank of Tabriz City), Ninth AIMS International Conference on Management.
75. Cortis, N., Sawrikar, P., and Muir, K. (2008). Participation in Sport and Recreation by Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Women, Social Policy Research Centre, SPRC Report 8/08.
76. Osman-Gani, A. M., and Jacobs, R. L. (2004). Institutionalization of Organizational Change: A Study of HRD Interventions in Singaporean, US, Japanese, and German Companies, Paper presented at the Academy of Human Resource Development International Conference (AHRD), Pp: 482-489.
77. Tolbert, P. S., Arthur, J. B. (1990). Institutionalization and Negotiations in Organizations, Research on negotiation in organizations, Vol. 2, Pp: 219-240.
78. Humes, L. L. and Reinhard, N. (2007). Institutionalization of an Information System Through the Exercise of Power, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Social Implications of Computers in Developing Countries, São Paulo, Brazil.
79. Courneya, K. S. & McAuley, E. (1994). Are there different determinants of the frequency, intensity, and duration of physical activity? Behav Med, Vol. 20, Pp: 84-90. [DOI:10.1080/08964289.1994.9934621]
80. Sportscotland. (2008). Sports Participation in Scotland, Research Digest no. 110, www.sportscotland.org.uk
81. Aniza, I. and Fairuz, M. R. (2009). Factors Influencing Physical Activity Level Among Secondary School Adolescents in Petaling District, Selangor, Med J Malaysia, Vol. 64, No. 3, Pp: 228-232.
82. Will, A. J. (2008). The Institutionalization of Knowledge Management in an Engineering Organization, Collaboratory for Research on Global Projects, http://crgp.stanford.edu.
83. Spray, C. M., Wang, J., Biddle, S. J. H., and Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2006). Understanding motivation in sport: An experimental test of achievement goal and self determination theories, European Journal of Sport Science, 6(1): Pp: 43_51. [DOI:10.1080/17461390500422879]
84. Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E. V., Markland, D., Silva, M. N., and Ryan, R. M. (2012). Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: A systematic review,International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Pp: 1-30. [DOI:10.1186/1479-5868-9-78]
85. Serrano-Sanchez, J. A., Lera-Navarro, A., Dorado-Garcı'a, C., Gonza'lez-Henriquez, J. J., Sanchis Moysi, J. (2012). Contribution of Individual and Environmental Factors to Physical Activity Level among Spanish Adults, PLoS ONE, Vol. 7, No. 6: e38693. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0038693]
86. Kokolakakis, T. and Hallam, S. (2011). Analysis of the determinants of sports participation in Spain and England, The Journal of Applied Economics, Vol. 1, Pp: 1-32.
| Rights and permissions | |
 | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
