Research in Sport Management and Motor Behavior

The Effect of Providing Different Strategies of Self-control Feedback Through Self-modeling on Learning of Lay-up shot Basketball Skill

Mehdi Shahbazi

A few studies have examined the interactive self-control effect on the type of self-modeling feedback. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of providing different strategies of self-control feedback through self-modeling on learning of Lay-up shot basketball skill. For this purpose, 60 right-handed 11-13 years old male beginner students were selected through available sampling. Then they were divided into 4 groups randomly. One of the groups between the blocks and the other group before training session defined to get the type of self-modeling feedback (best performance or overall performance in Lay-up shot basketball skill). For each of these groups, the yoked group was selected. The training program was conducted for 6 sessions for two weeks. Pretest, retention and transfer test were made in 12 attempts. Results showed significant effect between pretest with retention and transfer tests scores. Also, there was significant difference between the self-control feedback before sessions and the self-control feedback between the blocks groups and their yoked group in the retention and transfer tests (P≤001), While between the yoked groups did not had any significant difference. These results indicate the greater effect of self-control feedback during sessions, which emphasizes the greater autonomy of learners as one of the psychological needs for learning optimization.

Comparison of Physical Training, Mental Imagery, Observational Learning and their Combination on Cognitive and Executive Functions of Beginner Golfers

Hasan Mohamadzade

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effect of mental imagery, observational learning, combined (imagery and observational learning) and physical training on mental representation and performance of novice golfers. To this end, 60 students(age:22.8±2.11) were randomly assigned in four groups: 1) mental imagery, 2) observational learning 3) combined (imagery + observational learning) and 4) physical training. After the pre-test, the participants in each group performed the golf putting for 3 consecutive days (60 attempts per day) and the post-test was performed on the third day. Two days after the post-test, a retention test was taken. Performance accuracy and structure of mental representation of participants were measured as dependent variables. Results showed that in the golf putting variable, the physical training group was better than other groups. Also, the performance of the combined group was better than the imagery and observational learning group. In addition, in the mental representation variable, the combined group had a more structured and accurate mental representation than than other groups. In addition, the imagery group had a better mental representation than the observational learning and physical training group. Overall, The result of this study show that physical training compared to other methods increases the accuracy of golf putting. Also combined imagery and observational learning training, has a greater impact than other methods used in this study.

The Effects of Indigenous-Local Play on Motor Proficiency on Children with High and Low IQ

Behzad Mohamadi Orangi

The impact of IQ on academic achievement has been confirmed, but its effect on the effectiveness of motion interventions is unknown. The present study examines the effects of Indigenous- Local play on the Motor proficiency of children with high and low IQ. Therefore, using Raven's Inventory, among 13-13 year-old children in Tehran, 15 high-intelligence children and 15 low-intelligence children were selected and trained in Indigenous- Local play for eight weeks. Bruninx-Oseretsky test was used before and after the exercise to assess the Motor proficiency. The results showed that although both groups benefited from the intervention, the impact of intervention on children with high IQ was higher. The results of this study, with the emphasis on the use of indigenous-local play in schools for motor development, also recommends that sports talent specialists use intelligence as an indicator of talent identification.

Designing Educational Services Quality Measurement Model in Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

Erfan Moradi

Like any other social system, universities have a significant role in training and supplying efficient manpower. In this regard, educational services provided by the universities are among the most important educational fields of any society which have a close relationship with community development; And the faculties of physical education and sports science are no exception. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a model for measuring the quality of educational services of faculties in physical education and sports science.The methodology of the present research has been applied in terms of purpose, and from the perspective of the method, descriptive-Correlation is specifically based on structural equation modeling. The population was estimated using the sample size estimator software based on the statistical power of (n=382). Sampling method was selected as a one-step cluster sampling from three geographic regions of the country. In the present study, the evaluations related to the face and content validity and convergent and Discriminant validity were carried out based on the supporting standard opinions of experts, Composite Reliability, Average Variance Extracted, Fornell and Larker it has been done. Was also used for data analysis by lisrel 9/30 Software.In overall, the 5 identified components could explain 58.36 of the data variances of this study, in which 24.09 belonged to educational requirements, 10.12 to aesthetic requirements, 9.06 to context requirements, 8.15 to external participation requirements and 6.94 process requirements.Based on the proposed model, it is suggested that Physical Education faculty managers pay great attention to their students’ educational requirements in order to improve their quality of services.

Effect of Quiet eye Training on Gaze Behavior in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) of Forehand Skill in Table Tennis

Zahra Abdolmaleki

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Quiet eye training on gaze behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of forehand skill in table tennis. Method, In order to, thirty children aged 12-7 years old were selected from ADHD children at Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Protocol of the training were performed in 16 sessions and follow up test after six of inactivity. Learning was investigated in the form of change in gaze behaviors such as onset, offset, duration of quiet eye and frequency gaze. The results of the research indicated that the decrease in frequency gaze and onset quiet eye and increase offset and duration of quiet eye in ADHD children. However, there was a significant difference between the two groups of experimental and control groups in frequency gaze. Offset and duration of quiet eye in children who have advanced progression from pre-test to post-test will be more stable over time. Conclusion, the present study confirms that the use of quiet eye training as a perceptual-motor training protocol can be effective for ADHD children by changing the visual perception pattern. It is suggested that a quiet eye training be used as a learning tool for ADHD children.

Evidences Against Generalized Motor Program by Co-Activation Pattern of Arm Muscles After Massive Amount of Practice

Mahdi Nabavinik

Massive amount of practice over many years raise the question that handling class of action by generalized motor program may modify over years. The purpose of the present study is to provide evidences to investigate this hypothesis by examining the pattern of co-activation and agonist to antagonist activity ratio. Seven experienced darts players were asked to execute from standard dart distance (fourth distance) and six other farther and nearer distances, making 252 throws. Relatively, the results showed that at least in five from the seven samples, there was a significant difference in muscle co-activation between fourth and six other distances. These findings do not support the existence of a generalized motor program at fourth distance so that performance of elite players met limited generalizability

Modeling the Shopping Motivation and Regret of the Customers of Sports Products

Mahdi Talebpour

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship and factors affecting the shopping motivation and regret after shopping of the major customers of sports products. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this study was all customers of sports products in Khorasan Razavi province that According to the Cochran sample size, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample by random cluster sampling And completed the standard questionnaires of regret after the purchase of Delacroix et al. (2007) and the study of purchasing motivations of Iranian consumers Heidarzadeh and Bahrami (2015). Data analysis was performed by SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that the variable of shopping motivation was affected by factors such as shopping at auction, utilitarian shopping, pleasure shopping, role playing, brand consciousness and awareness (brand loyalty), sensory motivation and inspiring shopping, quality awareness, social shopping, fun or entertainment shopping and value shopping respectively. Also, the two dimensions of feeling regret after shopping and feeling regret due to not shopping were the two factors that explained the variable of shopping regret. On the other hand, it was observed that there is a correlation between shopping motivation and shopping regret and the relationship model between shopping motivation and shopping regret has a good fit. Therefore, identifying shopping motivations can be effective for owners, marketers and sellers of sports equipment stores in creating long-term relationships between sellers and customers.

Designing a Model to Promote the Brand Position Of the Sports Club Industry in Iran

Jabar Seifpanahi Shabani

The purpose of this study was to provide a model for promoting the brand position in the country's sports club industry. The research method was qualitative with a systematic exploratory approach (content analysis). Participants consisted of two sections of human resources (club managers and coaches, sports marketing experts) and information resources (relevant and credible scientific, library and media) Participants in sufficient numbers, purposefully and based on saturation Theoretical was done (27 people and 39 documents). The research tools included semi-structured exploratory interviews along with a systematic library study. The validity of the instrument was evaluated and confirmed based on the scientific competence of the sample, the content validity of the experts and the agreement between the coding correctors. To analyze the findings, a multi-stage conceptual coding method (open, selective and thematic) with a system analysis approach was used. The final conceptual framework consisted of 121 components, 26 dimensions, 9 perspectives and 3 levels identified. Levels and perspectives, respectively, affect-effectiveness between their sub-variables, including the underlying level (structural, managerial and capacity perspectives of the club), the strategic level (marketing perspectives, brand strength, branding and innovation) and the functional level (functional perspectives and Brand values). Based on the research findings, it can be said that brand promotion in club management is a systematic process in which the marketing system should achieve the targeted values based on knowing the contexts and adopting appropriate strategies. It is suggested to the clubs that in order to promote the brand, they should not be satisfied with only a few occasional measures with short-term effect, but also define their branding project based on a scientific framework such as the model presented in this research.

Identify Appropriate Methods for Financial Block in Sports Tourism Businesses

Noshin Benar

This study aims to identify the appropriate methods for the financial block as one of the four main elements of Osterwalder's business model. The present study is based on qualitative studies and Brown and Clarke (2006) theme analysis method. The statistical population of the research encompassed owners and adept managers specializing in sport tourism, as well as employees of diverse sections of sport tourism businesses in Guilan province. Fifteen individuals were chosen applying purposive sampling with the help of snowball and non-random techniques, the sampling procedure continued until the theoretical saturation stage was reached. This research has been carried by content analysis method and making use of Max QDA software. Findings indicate that the components of the financial block for this type of business include ten main dimensions and 27 sub-dimensions in 2 themes (theme) including, revenue model and cost structure. The cost structure also includes the cost of infrastructure facilities, the cost of tours, the cost of human resources and the cost of training and the revenue model also includes health and sports tourism services, facility rent, athlete certification, membership fees, and the use of apps and financial needs. Financial modeling from qualitative data analysis helps sports tourism business owners to make decisions in calculating situations and thus comparing different scenarios.

The Effect of Physical Maturity Levels and Chronological Age on the Motor Abilities of 7 to 12 Year Old Students

Mehdi Namazi Zadeh

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of physical maturity and chronological age on the motor abilities of students aged 7-12 years. 600 students aged 7-12 years were selected in three age categories. To determine the state of physical maturity, the estimation of the percentage of adult height obtained at a certain age was used. Finally, the motor ability test was used to assess motor ability. The results of the present study showed that the effect of chronological age was significant for the variable of motor abilities in girls and boys studied. Also, the effect of maturity level was significant for the variable of motor abilities. Comparison of means showed that students born at normal maturity levels have higher mean motor ability than students born at early and late maturity levels. According to the results of the present study, the level of maturity has a significant effect on the performance of motor skills. Finally, the results of this study are limited to the current population and limited to the age range of 7-12 years in Tehran and do not represent all age groups.

Identify the Capabilities and Strategic Goals of Educational Sports Management Based on A Balanced Scorecard

Ghasem Rahimi Sarshbdarani

Using the general strategy map as a model or copying the strategy map of other countries has endangered the life of educational sport, this issue has caused the lack of accurate information about the capabilities and strategic goals of educational sports management, so in the present study The capabilities and strategic goals of educational sports management have been identified based on a balanced scorecard. The research method was qualitative content analysis. The statistical population included experts in the field of sports management and those in charge of educational sports. Sampling was continued purposefully until data saturation. The data collection process consisted of 12 semi-structured interviews and review of documents related to educational sports. In order to evaluate the quality and validity of the research results, Lincoln and Guba (1985) evaluation criteria including validity, transfer, reliability and verification criteria were considered. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection and qualitative content analysis. In the open coding phase, 105 concepts, 18 sub-categories and finally 6 main categories (internal processes, customer, learning and growth, finance, employee satisfaction, environment and community) were extracted. According to the research findings, it seems that the mentioned processes are effective in explaining the comprehensive management system and improving the performance of educational sports by understanding its requirements and requirements.

Designing a Comprehensive Model of Service Quality of Iranian Wrestling Sport Events

Hamidreza Saybani

The purpose of this study was to Designing a comprehensive model of service quality of Iranian wrestling sport events. The method of this research was quantitative and qualitative. Theoretical saturation was achieved after 17 deep and semi-structured interviews with experts and managers in sport for all and sponsorship fields. The statistical population in the qualitative section included focus groups and experts present in the wrestling federation, league organization, sports clubs, presidents and managers and people who had a complete knowledge of sports competitions. And in a small part, all the spectators in the Premier League were wrestling in 1400. 17 people in the quality department purposefully and 384 people considering; In a small part, they formed a statistical sample by the available method. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured that the results of this interview were used in the form of a questionnaire with 7 main factors in the quantitative part. SPSS software version 23 and PLS version 2 were used to model the structural equations. Model fit index was reported GOF = 0.67. A total of 7 factors of service quality, technical skills, interaction, quality of environment, evaluation, quality of referees, social value affect the quality of service of Iranian wrestling sport events. According to the results obtained, each of the factors, in order of importance and priority, can be effective in the quality of wrestling sport events and be considered by those involved and officials in this department.

Factor Affecting Attendance of Iranian Spectator in Volleyball World League and its’ Relationship to their Purchase Behavior

Alireza Elahi

The Present Study has Disburse to Determine the Factors Affecting Attendance of Iranian Spectator in Volleyball World League and its Relationship to their Purchase Behaviors. This Study was a Correlation Research and in form of Field Study. To Collect Data Standardized Questionnaires Factors Affecting Attendance’s Alimohammadi (1390) and Purchase Behavior’s Kim (2008) between Samples (n=372) were Collected and Distributed. The Opinions of Professors and Experts in the field of Sport Management Was Used to Ensure Renewed of Validity of Questions and Items that Used to Measurement the Implications of the Study. The Reliability of the Instrument Was Approved by Using Cronbach's alpha Coefficient in order for the Questionnaires Factors Affecting Attendance and Purchase Behavior Was 0/85 and 0/70. The Results Showed that Vicarious Achievement, Information and Attraction and Excitement were the most Important in Factors Affecting Attendance Spectator and in front of the Facilities, Attending and Support, Scheduling and Inform were the least Important. Results also Showed that the Attending and Support (t=4.44 and β=0.243), Operation (t=2.102 and β=0/117) and Excitement (t=2.43 and β=0/136) has a significant causal relationship with the Purchase Behavior. Considering to the Findings of Research on the Factors Affecting Attendance Spectator could be Provide Guidelines for the Management of the Federation in Attractant Spectators.