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The aim of this study is to determine the effect of perceived coach leadership behavior on motivational climate and athlete satisfaction of women taking part in basketball super league of Iran. Statistical population of this study was included from all super leagues’ female basketball players. Sample society was equal to all 174 athletes of statistical society and the method of research was descriptive. The personal information questionnaire (demography), leadership sport scale (LSS), motivational climate questionnaire (PMCSQ), and athlete satisfaction questionnaire (ASQ) were used to measure the variables. The results showed that among coaches’ leadership behavior autocratic behavior (ß=0/76) and performance climate social support (ß= 0/24) and education and training behavior and mastery climate have linear relationship and even predict it. Coaches’ leadership behavior and athlete satisfaction have significant linear relationship (p<0/01), also education and training behavior (ß=0/93) and positive feedback (ß=0/75) have linear relationship with athlete satisfaction and even predict it.
As a whole, it is obvious that coaches’ leadership behavior is an important factor in motivational climate and athlete satisfaction so the coaches by using the appropriate leadership behavior can effect on motivational climate and athlete satisfaction to achieve success and desirable outcomes.

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The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between sport success and kinesthesia in male athlete college students. The methods used in the study was descriptive correlation. 100 students athletic in different fields from students’ of state university of Arak in 2012-2013 with the mean age of 21/80±1/94 purposefully using random multistage sampling were selected. (34 students in volleyball, 33 students in badminton, 33 students in wrestling). To collect data, with Personal information questionnaire, Ego orientation in sport questionnaire (Duda & Nichols, 1989), Zhecoofski dominant-hand's angle accommodation tests (1988) and Ablacova force control dominant-hand's (1990) were used. Data was analyzed by person's correlation test, multilevel regression analysis and the Analysis of variances. Shown in findings, volleyball players got a better score than other athletes in terms of sport success and kinesthesia. Also analysis of variances showed a significant relationship between sport success and kinesthesia. According to the results, sports of which kinesthesia of the dominant hand was their main reason of success had better kinesthesia and athletic success.

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Women sport have been developed, but it seems that sport coaches confronted with some problems. The purpose of this study was to survey the women sport coaches problems. The statistical population was women sport coaches that working with Arak sport bodies. The statistical sample consisted of 76 coaches. Data were collected by researcher-made questionnaire which its content and face validity was confirmed by 10 faculty members and experts of sport management. Factor analysis was used to construct validity of questionnaire. Coronbachs alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of questionnaire (α = 0.85). Friedman test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the participants have been confronted with some problems on areas such as sport organizations, sport spaces, athletes, personal, media, and other coaches that influence on their coaching. Solving these problems can help coaches so they perform their key duties and help to women sport development

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The purpose of the present investigation was to develop and initial validation of a measure for assessing the athletes perceptions of coaches’ behaviors that promote fairplay behaviors. A three-step procedure was undertaken to develop the questionnaire. In the initial step, the literature review provided theoretical and empirical perspectives on how youth sport coaches can influence athletes’ fairplay behaviors. In step 2, a pool of 191 items worded and content validity was assessed. In the final step, 252 teenage male athletes (age range 14-19; mean age =15.88±1.34 years) who were participating in a variety of team sports (i.e., volleyball, basketball, soccer, futsal) completed a revised 164-item questionnaire. Principal components analyses further reduced the number of items to 30 and suggested a four-factor structure (i.e., modeling, instruction, pressure, and dialogue dimensions). The results revealed that the final 30-item version of the Coaching Fairplay Behaviors Inventory possesses a good psychometric basis with adequate internal consistency and which explain 57.80% of the total variance. Collectively, this study provides a new valid and reliable instrument for assessing the specific mechanisms by which coaches promote fairplay behaviors among teenagers, although more investigations are needed to validate this tool.

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The aim of this study was to investigate simultaneous changes in EMG pattern during learning dart skill in dominant and non-dominant hands. The samples consisted of 10 non-athlete students with an average age of 23±2.5, which were divided into two group dominant hand (5) and non-dominant hand (5). Repeated measures ANOVA were used to measure data at the execution level and changes in EMG activity. The results showed a significant decrease in the absolute error of dart throwing at the performance level and an increase in EMG activity at the muscle level along with a decrease in muscle co-contraction in the acquisition and retention stages in both groups (P<.05). Also, there was no significant difference between EMG activity in the dominant and non-dominant hand groups after skill acquisition (P>.05). Generally, the results of this study showed that along with relatively constant changes in performance during dart skill learning, relatively constant changes in EMG patterns also occur, so that the concept of motor learning is also observed at the muscle level. Also, the results of this study supported the existence of the same motor program for dominant and non-dominant hand control, even in the conditions of bilateral transfer control.

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The growth of Kabaddi sports, its development and progress, requires the ability to anticipate uncertainties. As a developing sport in Iran, kabaddi has seen a lot of progress, but at the same time, challenges may still affect its future, especially since there is limited understanding about its possible future and the ways in which There is a corresponding future to be traversed. Therefore, in this study, a multi-stakeholder scenario planning was used to develop future scenarios of Iran's Kabaddi sports, using stakeholders' points of view on the trends and critical uncertainties that may shape the future of Kabaddi sports to create action-oriented strategies. The participants of the present analytical and exploratory study included 28 domestic and foreign beneficiaries of Iran's Kabaddi sports, who were selected based on targeted sampling. Data was collected through interviews and open questionnaires. Data analysis was done with the six-step model of combined scenario planning of Lipzig and Rollandberger. The findings and analysis of 29 main factors obtained led to the production of two key uncertainties and four scenarios with titles of champion, super league, active lifestyle and always loser. In order to develop Kabaddi sports in Iran, there should be a transformation in the structure of the process with the aim of institutionalizing Kabaddi sports in geographical dimensions with a professional and universal approach.