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The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of computer game on acquisition and retention of free throw basketball skills (accuracy and pattern) and compare this method with two patterning methods (skilled and learning). 50 high school students age range 15-17 years were selected as a research samples. Subjects after participating in the pretest were divided into 5 equal groups and each group practice separately for 2 weeks and 3 sessions per week (total of 6 sessions) their tasks. Acquisition test hold after the last training session and retention test was performed after 24 hours. Data analyzed using variance with repeated measurement. The significance level for all statistical methods was considered p<0/05 and used SPSS 17 for statistical calculations. The results showed that each group at post-test scores on both the accuracy and pattern of pre-test and the most advanced computer game plus exercise group significantly improved. According to the results, this study can state that the the simulation computer game improves learning of motor skills. This method is more effective than learning a skilled and patterning method.

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The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between sport success and kinesthesia in male athlete college students. The methods used in the study was descriptive correlation. 100 students athletic in different fields from students’ of state university of Arak in 2012-2013 with the mean age of 21/80±1/94 purposefully using random multistage sampling were selected. (34 students in volleyball, 33 students in badminton, 33 students in wrestling). To collect data, with Personal information questionnaire, Ego orientation in sport questionnaire (Duda & Nichols, 1989), Zhecoofski dominant-hand's angle accommodation tests (1988) and Ablacova force control dominant-hand's (1990) were used. Data was analyzed by person's correlation test, multilevel regression analysis and the Analysis of variances. Shown in findings, volleyball players got a better score than other athletes in terms of sport success and kinesthesia. Also analysis of variances showed a significant relationship between sport success and kinesthesia. According to the results, sports of which kinesthesia of the dominant hand was their main reason of success had better kinesthesia and athletic success.

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Abstract
This study aimed to Comparison of dyad training method with cooperative and competitive approach in the learning of Basketball Free Throw. The study sample included 24 girl’s students aged 13-15 years old who had no experience in free throw. Based on pretest scores, the participants were assigned to either the cooperative dyad training group or the competitive dyad training group. In the competitive dyad training condition, individuals in each dyad had to compete with each other to secure the highest free throw score. At the end of each training session the winner was rewarded. In contrast, in the cooperative dyad training condition, the dyads that attained the score of 75 or more in each training session were rewarded. After the 10th training session, the acquisition of free throw skill was assessed. A week later, the retention and the transfer of free throw skill were assessed. The results indicated that, with regard to the acquisition of free throw skill, in both conditions the participants had made statistically significant progress. In terms of the acquisition and the retention of the target skill, no statistically significant differences were observed between cooperative and competitive training groups. However, with regard to transfer test, the cooperative training group outperformed the competitive training group. Therefore, in comparison to competitive dyad training, cooperative dyad training is more conducive to the acquisition and the retention of free throw skill.

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Today, because of living in the machines age and the resulted less mobility and activity of citizens, the diverse and accessible sports for the citizens has become more important. This research which was carried out by qualitative methodology with fundamental-exploratory nature and using the grounded theory is aimed at designing a conceptual model for citizen sports in Tehran metropolitan area. The purposeful-snowball sampling method was used in the research. Accordingly, in order to collect the data, 25 experts of citizen sports were interviewed, and the Strauss and Corbin paradigm analysis was used to develop the final model. Given the results, motivational and health factors were identified as causal conditions, the hardware and software context was identified as the dominant field, the behavioral, structural and environmental level factors were identified as the intervening conditions. Also, promotional, legal, financial, educational, interactive and developmental measures were identified as strategies, and securing national interests, economic consequences, sport development, health-sanitary and socio-cultural outcomes were identified as the strategies implementation results. Given these findings, one can expect that by identifying the citizen sports conditions and concentration on strategic actions, the functional and operational facilities for its development and growth would be provided in Tehran metropolitan area.

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Self-report psychological questionnaires are important tools for assessing cognitive and emotional status of athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of test of performance strategies (TOPS) among athletes. For this purpose, 209 males (n=125) and females (n=84) national and champions athletes aged 15 to 18 completed TOPS measure. It was used confirmatory factor analysis to test the construct validity of questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for testing internal consistency of each factor items. The results of factor analysis identified eight subscales of goal-setting, automaticity, emotional-control, imagery, activation, positive self-talk, relaxation, attentional control/negative thinking for the practice and competition. The results of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicated appropriate internal consistency of subscales items of practice (.70 to .95) and competition (.77 to .88). It seems that this questionnaire is an appropriate tool for measuring psychological skills among young athletes.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the role of structured conversation and observation on the effectiveness of the dyed practice on motivation and the accuracy in learning the skill of Golf putt. The research participants consisted of 40 female students randomly divided into four groups: observation-conversation, observation, conversation and control. Participants should hit the Golf ball to the target area. During the training period, subjects completed 60 acquisition attempts, 10 retention attempts to measure the participants’ motivation before the beginning of the training and before the acquisition and retention phases. one-way ANOVA and to examine the role of the mediator on the accuracy of the scores of execution Hayes test was used. The results showed that motivational values were significantly higher in conversation-observation group compared to other groups, and  also The mediation role of motivation was not significant in the implementation of acquisition and retention efforts. Regarding the results of this study, coaches are advised to consider both verbal and observational information sources in the presentation of dyed practice.

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The aim of this research is to identify and prioritize the criteria for selecting base coaches for basketball teams using the DEMATEL technique and network analysis process under fuzzy conditions. This study is considered applied in terms of its objective and methodology and falls under the descriptive category. The statistical population of this research consists of 10 university experts and opinion holders who have experience in coaching base basketball teams or have relevant qualifications in human resource management in sports. Initially, through library studies and interviews with experts, the criteria for selecting base basketball team coaches were identified. After identifying the criteria, using the DEMATEL method, the internal relationships between the criteria were determined. Then, the expert questionnaire was used to determine the importance of each criterion using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method. The results showed that among the main factors, technical and legal competence with a weight of 0.128, psychological and communication skills with a weight of 0.075, and inclination for growth and excellence with a weight of 0.046 had higher importance. Among the sub-criteria, having a coaching license with a weight of 0.052, participation in special base coaching courses with a weight of 0.039, and mastery of psychological growth concepts with a weight of 0.034 had higher importance. Finally, it was shown that all the identified criteria are influential in selecting base basketball team coaches, and it is necessary for managers to consider these criteria in the selection process.