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This study examines the relationship pattern of the motivational climate,satisfaction of the psychological needs and self-determined motivation in youth male athletes based on the self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000). A sample of 255 athletes ranging from 12-14 years of age from varity of team sports completed the Motivational climate in youth sport, behavioral regulations toward sport, and the basic needs in sport scale. Pearson correlation, Confirmed factor analysis, Structural Equation Modeling analyses were used to examine the research hypotheses. The results revealed mastery oriented climate have a direct, positive influence on relatedness, competence, and autonomy.Competence and relatedness influenced self-determination, positively. Relatedness, competence, and autonomy had mediatory role in affecting mastery climate on self-determination. The results indicated that mastery motivational climate is an important motivational variable in youth male athletes which can influence self-determination by affectingpsychological needs.

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The aim of this study was to examine therelationship perceived autonomy-supportive behaviors of coaches onself-determined motivation and sport commitment of elitefemale players inHandball league. The research desing was a descriptive-correlational.For this pourpose statistical society of this research incloud 237 female players were selected equal to sample society. Perceived autonomy- supportive behaviors of coaches, self-determined motivation and sport commitment were assessed using the perceived autonomy support scale for exercise settings(PASSES), Sport Motivation Scale (SMS( and Sport Commitment Model Scale) scms) respectively. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires was measured and modified.Data were analyzed using multiple regression and Structural Equation Models (SEM) in significance level of P<0/05. The finding showed autonomy-supportive behaviors had significant positive correlation with intrinsic motivation, introjected regulation and indentified regulation. However, autonomy-supportive negative correlation amotivation.In addition, intrinsic motivation, introjected regulation and indentified regulation had significant positive correlation with sport commitment players.Multiple regression showed autonomy-supportive coaches was predictor factor for the intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and sport commitment players.path analysis results offered support for the proposed model. Total mediation was supported in the case of intrinsic motivation, introjected regulation and indentified regulation in the relationship between autonomy-supportive coaches and sport commitment players. The findings underline the importance of perceived autonomy-supportive coaches in motivation and sport commitment players. The results provide support Self-determination Theory in elite players

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This research aims to determination effect of changing coach on team’s performance in the Iran’s Football Pro-League during season. The method applied in this research is causal-comparative. The participants in this research were all the 54 teams in Iran’s pro league during three seasons (2008-09, 2009-10, 2010-11) and 30 teams which changed coaches were chosen as a sample. Variance analysis results showed that changing coach had no effect on team’s performance in none of 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20 games before and after changing coach (p<0.05). Changing coach in short term had a few effect, and had no effect in long term on team performance (p<0.05). It seems that changing coach is not the only option to improve team’s performance. Other elements like player’s motivation, on time salary reception, rewards, player’s quality, referee’s quality and etc. can affect team’s performance.

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The aim ofthisstudy was to investigatedifferentaspects ofimpulsivityin the athletes of contact and non-contactsports. volunteer participants were 60 athletes of contact (age: 25.9±4.6 years) and non-contact (age: 27.6±4.9 years) sports. Participants were asked to complete the Barratt’s Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) and participate in continuous performance test(CPT). Multivariate analysis of variance results indicated that there was significant difference between athletes participating in contact and non-contact sports in the continuous performance test items(F_2,117= 3.27, p=0.001, partial &eta²=0.89) and impulsivity scale factors(F_3,116=47.66, p=0.001, partial &eta²=0.55).So that, in the attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsiveness and at the number of correct recognition in continuous performance test, the athletes of contact sports get more points than the athletes of non-contact sports. In contrast, the athletes of non-contact sports get more points in the average of incorrect time and the number of incorrect recognition than the athletes of contact sports. Therefore Thisfeature is effective in motor and non-motor behaviors of athletes in some special conditions that will appear as immediate and sustained function.

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According to Specificity of practice hypothesis, availability of visual information
specially during performing tasks witch vision has an important role in improving
the accuracy, causes further performance decrements in No-vision transfer test.
The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of vision and amount
of practice on accuracy and kinematic of dart throwing. 20 female students of righthanded
who were all novitiate in the skill selected voluntarily and randomly
assigned to full vision and No-vision groups.The subjects following participated in
pretest, performed acquisition phase that consisted two level of modest and
extensive practice (45 trials and 300 trials). 10 minutes after each level of practice,
participants completed transfer trials in a no-vision and no-KR condition. Overall,
Mixed ANOVA (2×3) in acquisition phase revealed that vision improved Dart
throwing accuracy performance. Kinematic analysis revealed no significant
difference between two groups in Wrist flexion, Angular displacement of elbow and
Angular displacement of shoulder. Whereas after 300 trials of practice, there was
significant difference between groups in throwing time and angular velocity of the
dart. After extensive practice, Mixed ANOVA (2×2) showed that, withdrawal of
vision resulted in specificity of practice effects on dart throwing accuracy, but
results of kinematic pattern, regardless of the amount of practice did not support
specificity of practice.

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The aim of this study was to examine of the factorial structure of the Self- Regulation Questionnaire in college physical education class (SRQ-PE). 277 students were selected by cluster random sampling in Urmia universities. The results of confirmatory factor analysis determined 5-factor model for the structure of the SRQ-PE with 71.03% of total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable goodness of fit indices for the data among students. Also, the significant positive relationship of intrinsic and identified regulation with PE-enjoyment and intention to continue of physical activity, confirmed the concurrent validity. The items for all sub-scales have a high internal consistency above of 0.75 of Cronbach's alpha. The findings suggest that SRQ-PE is a valid and reliable measurement for assessing the motivational self-regulation in college PE class. As a conclusion, the results demonstrate the importance of developing self-determination in PE, as it is associated with desirable behavioural outcomes.

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Focus of cause-related marketing efforts in the sports industry is related to the intangible nature of sport Business and the high degree of fans' willingness to charity programs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of sport fans' attitude in cause-related sport marketing. Survey of this study was the members of the Supporters' Association of Persepolis's and Esteghlal's clubs. And the questioner is sent them through Social Networks. In this study, simple random sampling was used and since the Statistical Society in this study was unlimited, Cochran formula was used to estimate the sample size. To analyze the data, structural equation method with Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach is used. Based on the results, both fans attitude toward cause-related sport marketing and fans attitude toward sport team has a   positive and significant effect on purchase intention of sport product and re-attention intention. According to the finding, when fans have a positive attitude toward the team and sport charity program, cause/brand fit lead to purchase intention and re-attention intention.

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Self-report psychological questionnaires are important tools for assessing cognitive and emotional status of athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of test of performance strategies (TOPS) among athletes. For this purpose, 209 males (n=125) and females (n=84) national and champions athletes aged 15 to 18 completed TOPS measure. It was used confirmatory factor analysis to test the construct validity of questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for testing internal consistency of each factor items. The results of factor analysis identified eight subscales of goal-setting, automaticity, emotional-control, imagery, activation, positive self-talk, relaxation, attentional control/negative thinking for the practice and competition. The results of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient indicated appropriate internal consistency of subscales items of practice (.70 to .95) and competition (.77 to .88). It seems that this questionnaire is an appropriate tool for measuring psychological skills among young athletes.