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The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between sport success and kinesthesia in male athlete college students. The methods used in the study was descriptive correlation. 100 students athletic in different fields from students’ of state university of Arak in 2012-2013 with the mean age of 21/80±1/94 purposefully using random multistage sampling were selected. (34 students in volleyball, 33 students in badminton, 33 students in wrestling). To collect data, with Personal information questionnaire, Ego orientation in sport questionnaire (Duda & Nichols, 1989), Zhecoofski dominant-hand's angle accommodation tests (1988) and Ablacova force control dominant-hand's (1990) were used. Data was analyzed by person's correlation test, multilevel regression analysis and the Analysis of variances. Shown in findings, volleyball players got a better score than other athletes in terms of sport success and kinesthesia. Also analysis of variances showed a significant relationship between sport success and kinesthesia. According to the results, sports of which kinesthesia of the dominant hand was their main reason of success had better kinesthesia and athletic success.

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Service quality is one of the most important subjects in marketing studies. Literature review shows that this variable is related to many important variables in marketing area. However, there is always this question of which components of service quality are better predictors for satisfaction and future intention of customers. The data gathered by three standard questionnaires: 1- service quality questionnaire of Lio 2- customer satisfaction questionnaire of Oliver; and 3- future intention of customer questionnaire of Lim .350 questionnaires were analyzed that gathered by used of multi-stage sampling among customers of body building clubs from Fars province. Results indicated that between, reliability showed the most of impact on customer satisfaction, while the empathy showed the lowest impact on customer satisfaction. Results, also, indicated that between, reliability and intangibility were respectively showed most of and lowest impact on future intention of customers

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Despite the importance of physical activity is clearly accepted by all, motivation and participation in physical education declines with age. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the social support behavior of physical education teachers and motivation (absence of motivation) of student in P.E activities. This is a descriptive and correlation study. In doing so, we chose 381 one of high school students of Bookan city through multi-level cluster random method, as statistical samples, and to fill out, the questionnaire of motivation inventory – physical education (AI-PE) of Shen et.al (2010) with reliability (α=.78), and interpersonal behavior scale (IBS) of Pelletier et.al (2008) with reliability (α=.81). For data analyzing we used the Spearman correlation coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that there are negative and significant relationships between subscales of social support behavior (i.e. autonomy support, competence support, and relatedness support) with motivation, respectively (r=-0.207, r=-0.255, r=-0.216, p≤0.01). Also, according result of Structural equation modeling (SEM) social support behavior of physical education teachers effected on students’ motivation (0.21). According to the fact that, reduction of P.E teachers’ social support behavior may result students’ motivation, we recommend that P.E teachers increase the amount of social support, to finally improve students’ participation at school P.E activities.

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This research aims to reconstruct the functions of national media for development of recreational sports and present strategies and guidelines. The qualitative approach and data-based theorization method is used in this research. In this method, the functions and strategies of national media are elicited directly from the data obtained through profound interviews with experts in order to develop recreational sports. The statistical population in this study consists of all experts who have academic specialization and executive experience in the field of management of recreational sports and media, selected from the university and recreational sports authorities. Sampling method is snowball and 28 interviews are made with the experts as explained above. Based on the analyses of the interviews, nine functions are found for the national media in development of recreational sports. These include: the educational function, the informatic function, the awareness function, raising information, social coherence, institutionalization, highlighting, social marketing, modernism, and environmental supervision. In general terms, based on the findings of this research, one can state that media can have a prominent role in increasing the participation of people in recreational sports regarding the influence they have in attracting the audience and participating in the process of formation of public thoughts.

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Today sport celebrities are used as brand in marketing which is called as human branding. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate if Iranians accept using people as brand for internal products marketing and also to identify the characteristics of a national human brand in sport. This research was a descriptive and Delphi research. The research population concluded of 45 panelists for Delphi method and three groups of university student athletes (N=322), sport coaches (N=196) and sport experts (N=100). The tools were two questionnaires. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were approved. Also a factor analyzes method was used for the questionnaire. Results showed that using human as brand in sport marketing was not approval among population members. Also the characteristics identified for Iranian sport brands were similar to the western models in addition to religious, belief, magnanimity, and sport sprit, and moral behavior characteristics. So using human as brand in sport marketing is not an acceptable action among Iranians. But athletes can collaborate with Iranian producers if they can own the accepted characteristics

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the factor analysis and internal consistency of
a Persian version of the Athletes’ Retirement Decision Inventory (P-ARDI).
Fernandez et al. (2006) developed this instrument based on the push, pull, antipush,
and anti-pull point of view. We required 243 Iranian elite competitive athletes
(mean age = 25.19 years; 81% male) to complete the questionnaire. The factor
structure of the P-ARDI was evaluated by explanatory and confirmatory factor
analysis. The internal consistency was determined by Cronbach’s alpha. According
to the results, four-factor solution principal component analysis accounted for
65.02% of the variance of the final 36-item version of the P-ARDI. The Cronbach’s
alpha coefficient for the aforementioned factors was found to be greater than 0.7.
In sum, the results suggest that the retirement decision process was found to be
much more complex and multidimensional.

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In recent years by technology development and changes in lifestyles of
communities, adventure sports as a new field of sport is growing in a rapid rate and
attracted fans in different communities. Importance of leisure time and sport
tourism makes this issue an importante area for scientific research. Thus, the
purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers and solutions of adventure sports
development in Sanandaj city. The descriptive survey methodology would be
applied based upon the case study. Statistical sample due to volume of population
was equal to target population(n=N=39). SWOT analysis to investigating the
internal (strength & weakness) and external (opportunity & threats) factors use to
analyze strategic position. To collect the data, library resources, literature and
background review, interviews and questionnaires was used. The Final score of
evaluate internal factors (2.698) and external factors (2.554) matrices locate
Sanandaj city in SO strategies. Thus, it is recommended to focus on aggressive
development strategy.

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The purpose of this study is investigating the effect of sport orientation on sport
commitment in Women's Football Pro League of Iran. Research method of this
study is correlation. The population of this study consists of all women football
players presented in 2th course of match in women football pro league. The
sample size of the research is equal to the population size (200 players). The
instrument for data collecting consists of Gill and Deeter (1988) sport orientation
questionnaire (with 6 items), and Scanlon (1993) sport commitment questionnaire
(with 14 item). Validity of questionnaires have been estimated and approved by
Ramezan Nezhad (1384) and Fathi (1390) in their researches. In this research,
validity of questionnaires was estimated by 10 professional sport management
professors, too, and the reliability of the questionnaires were calculated by
Choronbachs alpha coefficient (sport orientation alpha=0.90, sport commitment
alpha=0.86). In order to verify the normality of data distribution, the Kolmogorov-
Smirnov test was used. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential tests
such as Pearson correlation and simple regression. Result showed that sport
orientation has a positive and significant effect on sport commitment.

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The study of work ethics and job satisfaction have gained great significance
following the failures of major corporations and the West’s crisis. The purpose of
research was to analyze the relationship between work ethics and satisfaction
events volunteers in sport. The method that applied in research was descriptivecorrelation.
The research statistic population consists of all volunteers participating
in twelfth sport-cultural Olympiad of male and female students of universities all
around the country.133 persons were evaluated as the sample of the research. For
collecting data, They completed two questionnaires work ethic of Petty(1990), and
satisfaction of volunteer experiences of Mallaei et al (1388). Face and content
validity of the questionnaires were approved by experts. Reliability of the
questionnaire work ethic (Cronbach's alpha) and satisfaction of volunteer
experiences was α=0.82 and α=0.92, respectively. The results of the Pearson
correlation showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between
work ethic and Satisfaction Volunteers. The stepwise regression analysis showed
two aspects of work ethic (healthy relations and diligence at work) had positive and
significant role in anticipation the satisfaction of volunteers (p≤ 0/01). it is
recommended to athletic directors to increase satisfaction in sport volunteers by
providing ethic codes and developing work ethic principles

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Women sport have been developed, but it seems that sport coaches confronted with some problems. The purpose of this study was to survey the women sport coaches problems. The statistical population was women sport coaches that working with Arak sport bodies. The statistical sample consisted of 76 coaches. Data were collected by researcher-made questionnaire which its content and face validity was confirmed by 10 faculty members and experts of sport management. Factor analysis was used to construct validity of questionnaire. Coronbachs alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of questionnaire (α = 0.85). Friedman test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the participants have been confronted with some problems on areas such as sport organizations, sport spaces, athletes, personal, media, and other coaches that influence on their coaching. Solving these problems can help coaches so they perform their key duties and help to women sport development

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The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize barriers to sponsorship of private sponsorship of sport of champions in Kerman province. The research method was survey and Based on applied objective. The statistical population included top managers of private firms in Kerman province (N =150) Which 108 companies were selected with simple random sampling. The required data were collected by using researcher made questionnaire. Face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 experts in sports management and content validity was calculated based on Lawshe model CVI=0.92. In order to identify the factors and assess the construct validity, exploratory factor analysis method was used. Internal reliability was obtained with Cronbach Alpha α=0.82. To analyze the data one sample t test and ANOVA test were used. Results of factor analysis showed that 57% of the total variance was related to four factors: One-sample t test results showed that there  were significant differences between all of the barriers with score criteria. Also results of ranking of barriers showed that the factor of legal-government is the most important factor inhibitor with an average of 3.76 and sports management was minimum repressor factor in the lack of financial support private companies of sport of champions with an average of 3.68. Therefore Codification of legislation and regulations for the sponsors is very important to eliminate the barriers of their participation in the sport of champions.

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The purpose of the present study was to explain the relationship between brand personality dimensions and customers’ loyalty to sport brands in Rasht.  The method of present survey was descriptive and applied, also the statistical population was loyal customers to sport brands in Rasht.  In order to data collection two questionnaires; Geuens & Wulf (2009) for measuring brand personality dimensions and Lau et all (2006) that investigated customers loyalty to sportswear in Hong Kong, after determining the validity and reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach’s alpha (0.7); were used. The results of Linear Regression of 407 loyal customers were shown there were positive and negative significant relationships between brand personality dimensions (Activity, Aggressiveness, Responsibility, Emotionality and Simplicity) and customers loyalty components to sport brands (Brand name, Service quality, Store environment, Product quality, Promotion, Price and Style). Some of these results are as below: activity dimension and brand name factor; activity and aggressiveness dimensions and service quality factor; activity, simplicity and responsibility dimensions and store environment factor; activity, aggressiveness and responsibility dimensions and product quality factor. There were also some negative ones between simplicity dimension and product quality and style factors. The result of Friedman test revealed that product quality, style, brand name, promotion, price, store environment and service quality were the most fundamental and crucial factors for the customers’ loyalty respectively. Regarding to the findings attention to customers’ demands and needs significantly has effect on performance improvement and local produced Sport brand’s success to attracting the customers and making them loyal in order to achieving more market share in comparison with competitors in international markets.

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The study of work ethics and job satisfaction have gained great significance following the failures of major corporations and the West’s crisis. The purpose of research was to analyze the relationship between work ethics and  satisfaction events volunteers in sport. The method that applied in research was descriptive-correlation. The research statistic population consists of all volunteers participating in twelfth sport-cultural Olympiad of male and female students of universities all around the country.133 persons were evaluated as the sample of the research. For collecting data, They completed two questionnaires work ethic of Petty(1990), and satisfaction of volunteer experiences of Mallaei et al (1388). Face and content validity of the questionnaires were approved by experts. Reliability of the questionnaire work ethic (Cronbach's alpha) and satisfaction of volunteer experiences was α=0.82 and α=0.92, respectively. The results of the Pearson correlation showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between work ethic and Satisfaction Volunteers. The stepwise regression analysis showed two aspects of work ethic (healthy relations and diligence at work) had positive and significant role in anticipation the satisfaction of volunteers (p≤ 0/01). it is recommended to athletic directors to increase satisfaction in sport volunteers by providing ethic codes and developing work ethic principles.

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This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence with sport Orientation of Male athletes of Confrontational fields and non_ Confrontational. the method of research is Descriptive-survey and population of the study, 200 participants of Confrontational fields (handball, futsal, basketball, karate, kung fu) and non_ Confrontational (table tennis, chess, swimming, volleyball, gymnastics) of Sanandaj that was randomly selected. Participants of both emotional intelligence questionnaire of Lan et al. (2009) and McGill’s questionnaire and Dieter’s (1998) they were completed. And using Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression tests and Fisher's z at a significance level (level 05 / 0≥p) were analyzed. The result of Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and athletic component of orientation and non-orientation is existing. Also the relationship between emotional intelligence and sport orientation in Confrontational and non_ Confrontational fields is not significant defenses. According to the results of study for achievement of Confrontational and non_ Confrontational athletes, sports equipment recommended.

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The purpose of this study was to survey the impact of organizational citizenship behavior on the customer-oriented in sport facilities in Shahrekord. The research method was descriptive, correlational that the survey was carried out. The study population included all employees of public and private sports facilities were Shahrekord. Measuring instruments included OCB questionnaire Paul and Mngvk (2002) and Customer oriented questionnaire Hajjat(2002)were that After ensuring the validity and reliability approved by the Confirmatory factor analysis of the samples investigated were distributed. In order to determine causal relationships and modeling, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. Based on the results of structural equation modeling, Citizenship behavior variable rate (0/34) a significantly positive effect on customer orientation. It was also observed that a significantly positive effect of OCB (0/21) on the customer's needs. While non-significant positive effect (0/13) on the customer's delight. Hence to encourage direct customer orientation the need knowledge of the requirements of the Customer and about the variable citizenship behavior by focusing on the behavior of consciousness, consciousness and altruism can expect that customer surface growth was better.

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The porpuse of current study was to "investigate sportspersonship of Premier League Handball Players". The kind of this study was descriptive-correlative that based on the covariance matrix factor analysis conducted.The statistical population was consisted of all male professional handball players of premier league (1391-1392), that 95 person were selected as statistical sample. Also to collecting data, Knortz (2009) sportspersonship's questionnaire (MSOS) was used. Regarding to the normal distribution of data (P>0/05), the results showed that the difference between the average of observed rates in the 5 components of One's Full Commitment toward Sport Participation ( = 4/21), Respect for Social Conventions ( = 3/83) Respect for the Rules and the Officials ( = 3/84), Respect and Concern for the Opponent ( = 3/28), and the Negative Approach toward the Practice of  Sport ( = 2/89) is significant. Findings showed that the sportspersonship has a valuable place among handball players of the Premier League. Since during a competition, the athlete alongside her or his teammates trying to behave according to the style adopted by the team and his or her teammates, high-contact team sports (like handball) in comparison with other team sports (like volleyball) has a lower level of sportspersonship and this subject make clear the importance of measuring the sportspersonship's capabilities of handball players.

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Volunteer Movement and deliver services to society is phenomenons of  coeval universe.The aim of this research work was to present a pattern for Iran`s sports volunteer absorbance management information system requirement analysis. This investigation was of descriptive-analytic sort and in regard for practical goal, it was type of (UML) methodology and it used object-oriented design model (RUP). The questionnaire implements were prepared.The statistic-population consisted:All youth and sports ministry deputies, directors of all staffs All presidents, vice presidents and professors of Iran`s sports federations.Census method was opted for sampling. Validity of the survey was confirmed by sports management professors and software science professors. Reliability of questionaire was obtained by Brown-Spearman 87/ split-half experiment and Cronbach`s alpha ratio calculation 72/.Findings showed: sports volunteer absorbance management information system requirement was presented which contained: human resource, planning, registration and acceptance, introduction, financial and support, education and advocating, reward and retrain. Iran`s candidate stakeholders were identified and eventually requirement analysis pattern was presented. Identification of information needs is the basis of voluntary information system management, because if the knowledge of the system is not well done, effective interaction between the volunteers and the information system management will not come about. For this reason, the basis for the analysis of the requirements of the information management system of sports volunteers is the identification of information needs.

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The purpose of the present investigation was to develop and initial validation of a measure for assessing the athletes perceptions of coaches’ behaviors that promote fairplay behaviors. A three-step procedure was undertaken to develop the questionnaire. In the initial step, the literature review provided theoretical and empirical perspectives on how youth sport coaches can influence athletes’ fairplay behaviors. In step 2, a pool of 191 items worded and content validity was assessed. In the final step, 252 teenage male athletes (age range 14-19; mean age =15.88±1.34 years) who were participating in a variety of team sports (i.e., volleyball, basketball, soccer, futsal) completed a revised 164-item questionnaire. Principal components analyses further reduced the number of items to 30 and suggested a four-factor structure (i.e., modeling, instruction, pressure, and dialogue dimensions). The results revealed that the final 30-item version of the Coaching Fairplay Behaviors Inventory possesses a good psychometric basis with adequate internal consistency and which explain 57.80% of the total variance. Collectively, this study provides a new valid and reliable instrument for assessing the specific mechanisms by which coaches promote fairplay behaviors among teenagers, although more investigations are needed to validate this tool.

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The purpose of this research was the explanting effective factors model in institutionalization of sport for all in Iran. The research method was mixed method in type of exploratory. The statistical population in part of factors recognition was composed of all specialists in sport for all and institutionalization and in part of design and testing of model, statistical population was composed of all managers and experts responsible for sport for all that research sample was selected with census method. (306 person) Measurement tool was a questionnaire compiled by the researcher which its validity was investigated by study of theoretical basis and surveys of 10 professors and experts and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0/91 was calculated. The research results revealed the research model have four dimensions include individual, group, organizational and environmental with 28 factors. The proportionality indices of research model were at an acceptable level, that is, research model had a good proportionality and factor structure of it was acceptable. Finally, results of the second-order confirmatory factor analysis showed the most important dimension in institutionalization of sport for all in Iran was organizational dimension (0/93, t = 7/34) and afterwards were group (0/82, t = 7/46), environmental (0/70, t = 6/34) and individual dimension (0/65, t = 7/31). The most important factor in organizational dimension was human resources (0/67, t = 6/91), in group dimension was the reference groups (0/65, t = 7/37), in environmental dimension was the economic, cultural and geographical environment (0/59, t = 6/08, 6/04, 6/05) and finally, in individual dimension, belief and attitude (0/75, t = 9/78) was most important factor.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the status of quality management in basic and medalist federations of Iran based on EFQM-AHP Approach. Thus descriptive- survey method was conducted in two steps. First the EFQM criteria was prioritized and weighted based on paired-comparison questionnaire (AHP) through top managers of federations and then the standard self-assessment questionnaire of organizational excellence that was valid and reliable, distributed between samples (150 p) to evaluate the quality management and excellence of federations. Result of AHP showed that orderly key performance results, strategy, leadership, costumer’s results, people results, partnership and resources, society results, processes and people had high priorities and result of self-assessment showed that swimming, shooting, gymnastic, rowing, athletics and boxing federations had highest excellence orderly. The results show that implementation the quality management approaches based on recommendation of excellence model or other similar models is inevitable and could predict the succession in international events.