This research is done with the aim of recognizing internal and external factors which are influential on exporting sportive commodities and the expansion of this export activity. From methodological point of view, this research is practical and descriptive-measureable. In qualitative method, profound interviews and in quantitative method a quantitative-reading based questionnaire is used. Statistical society of this research include the elites of sport economy. To choose a sample volume in qualitative interviews, we used the method of theoretical sampling. Due to uncertainty of the society’s volume, 384 people are picked up purposefully and by random. Analyzing the results is done by P.L.S software using structural equations. The results demonstrate that internal and external factors are influential on exporting sportive commodities with 0.526 and 0.407 impression ratios respectively. These results confirm that this structural model is adequate. On the whole and considering the findings of the research, internal influential factors on expanding the export of sportive commodities include: recognizing and reinforcement of internal factors via financial support, theoretical and technical backing, innovation in presenting services and communications, possessing strategy and external influential factors include assembling intense substructures for exporting goods, establishing commercial and political links and strategic alliance with other countries which could be influential on the export of sportive commodities.
 

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of mediator of competitive advantage and organizational reputation in the causal relationship between social responsibility and Team performance of Persepolis Club. The research method is descriptive-survey in terms of purpose and applied with a structural equation approach.The statistical population included all Persepolis fans and the sample size according to Morgan table was 384 people (randomly).The Ressler's Club Reputation Questionnaire (2010), Hosseini's Competitive Advantage (2011), Galbrith Social Responsibility (2010), Glenn Team Performance (2003), Hosseini (2016), Cooper and Satter (2011) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics with SEM approach were used to analyze the data; The results were analyzed using SPSS22 and Smart PLS3 software. It was found that social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on team performance, competitive advantage and organizational reputation. The direct and significant effect of reputation on team performance and the mediating role of reputation was minor confirmed. However, the effect of competitive advantage on team performance and the mediating role of competitive advantage was not confirmed. It is suggested that Persepolis, by performing social responsibilities in economic, ethical, legal and humanitarian dimensions, promote the reputation, competitive advantage and team performance of the club.

Promoting physical activities at schools not only encourage students to do sport along their lifetime but also lead to a better physical and mental health among them. Therefore, the aim of this study is first to predict the future of sport among Iranian students, then, to develop its scenarios for the next 15 years and finally to make a strategy. In this study, the scenario-based approach, which is based on an intuitive logic one, was applied and the method of trends and uncertainty analysis as well as a six-step integrated scenario planning were used. The participants of this study were 38 internal and external stakeholders of Iranian student sport selected by purposeful sampling. The data were collected by interviews and open-ended questionnaires. According to the findings, the analysis of the 30 key factors resulted in two key uncertainties: "regional planning and resource abundance" and "adaptive legislation on the principle of cultural difference" which form the basis of the four main student sport scenarios. As a result, to develop Iranian student sport, it is recommended to make a comprehensive planning based on local ecological issues for each region.

This study was done to predict Consumption Behavior of spectators including tendency to Attend Again and purchasing marked merchandises. So, using correlation method, presented spectators in Azadi Stadium are chosen as statistical population. 696 people were chosen randomly and fill Alimohammadi's questionnaire of factors affecting presence and Kim's questionnaire of spectators' Consumption Behavior. Results from multi-regression analyze show that excitement, attendance & support, interaction & escape and information & attractiveness components have ability to prediction tendency to spectators of Esteghlal and Perspollis Attend Again and attendance and support components have ability to prediction purchasing marked merchandises. Attendance and support components have the most influence and interaction and escape have the least effect on spectators' tendency to Attend Again. According to these results, it can be suggested to managers of this clubs to more activate fan clubs, increase matches excitements and improve knowledge of spectators.

The purpose of this study is to design a business model in sports academies from the perspective of experts of this field. The present study is based on the paradigm of interpretive research, in terms of practical purpose, qualitative research approach and data collection in the form of in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the study includes entrepreneurs, sports business owners, managers of sports academies, presidents of sports federations and managers of the National Olympic Academy. 15 people were selected as the sample size using targeted sampling strategy and snowball. Data analysis was performed using qualitative content analysis and open, pivotal and selective coding methods using Maxqda software version 18 in which 9 main components and 45 pivotal categories were discovered and counted. The reliability of the recoding of the interviews conducted in this study using Scott's formula is equal to 90%. Managers, presidents of sports federations and academies should be comprehensively acquainted with these categories and components so that they can design the components and elements of the sports academy business specific to their sport in accordance with the needs and characteristics of their business and based in that take the suitable action.

Fans like to talk about their favorite team and players with others. Professional team fans use social media to learn more about teams, connect with other fans, follow teams and players, and build a fan community. Social media by creating a network of users has become a platform for researchers to study fan behavior. Given that members of the fan community interact with each other, their opinions on social media also has determined relation to each other. The present study to understand and discover the relationship between fans 'opinions of El Clásico, used the network approach. In this study, Facebook was selected as the research platform to analyze the media consumption of fans about the El Clásico in the 2017-18 season. Finally, fan comments were divided into 14 categories. The results showed that the three nodes of "references to the team", "references to the individual" and "references to the game" are the most important categories that have kept the network of dialogue between the fans dynamic. While these three nodes of "references to the team", "references to the individual" and "references to the game" are important structurally and network-wise , but from a behaviorism point of view, team identification plays a key role in creating such a network. This means that the underlying role of the "use of us and them" node in the network of opinions is certain.

Nowadays, social responsibility is not limited to specific organization, and clubs and sports teams have included various forms of social responsibility in their goals and are involved in their implementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of club social responsibility on the supportive behavior of the brand of football fans with the mediating role of attitude: The moderator role was empathy. The method of the present study was descriptive-survey and was applied studies according to the purpose. In the present study, Persepolis Club as the study club and the statistical population of the present study consisted of all fans of Persepolis Club.360 people were selected as the research sample and the available sampling method was used. Galbraith (2010) questionnaire was used to evaluate social responsibility, Zhi et al. (2019) questionnaire was used to support brand behaviors, and Zhi et al. (2019) questionnaire was used to measure attitude and empathy variables.To review and analyze of the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used using the construction equation model, which used SPSS 25 and Smart PLS 3.2.9 software for experiments and analysis. The results showed that social responsibility had an effect on brand support behaviors and fan attitudes, also,the attitude of the fans on the supportive behaviors of the brand was influential and the mediating role of the fans' attitude regarding the impact of social responsibility on the supportive behaviors was confirmed. Finally, empathy plays a moderating role between the impacts of club social responsibility on fan supportive behaviors.

The spread of coronavirus in the world has had various effects on industries, especially the sports industry. The purpose of this study was to explain and classify the effects of coronavirus outbreak on the dimensions of the sports industry. The present study was applied in nature, mixed in terms of data retrieval and descriptive-exploratory in terms of data analysis method that data collection was done in the field. The statistical population in the qualitative section included sports experts, 18 people were purposefully selected, and the statistical population in the quantitative section included all activists in the field of sports and sports industry, of which 600 samples were selected by simple random sampling. Data collection in the qualitative part was done by the systematic method of data theory and in the quantitative part, using a researcher-made questionnaire obtained from the qualitative part of the present study with 55 items in 5-point Likert scale. Research data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods with the help of SPSS24 and Amos statistical software. The results showed that the outbreak of coronavirus had a role in the production and distribution sectors, private and public sectors, sports education and research, trade, events and competitions, technology, services and economics of the sports industry. This finding can help the country's sports managers and officials to improve the situation of the sports industry in the post-Corona era.

The outbreak of the corona virus has had a significant impact on the economic situation of sport, and professional football has not been immune to these effects. This article discusses the main effects of this crisis on professional football. To conduct this research, 32 research articles published in 2020 in the list of authoritative publications of the Ministry of Science and Google Scholar database related to the research topic were reviewed. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results of this analysis indicate 13 categories of effects of this virus in football. These effects were collected in two main categories. The first category includes the negative effects of corona on football, including the effects of corona on players, referees, the right to television broadcasting of clubs and football clubs, and the importance of fans and the impact of empty stadiums on club economies and corona financial losses on football. The next category is the positive effects of the corona virus in football, which also includes the readiness of the clubs, the positive effects of the corona virus on the referees, the environment, the low probability of harm to spectators, innovation, increasing solidarity and entrepreneurship. The study also briefly discusses the effects of the Corona virus on Iranian football.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship and factors affecting the shopping motivation and regret after shopping of the major customers of sports products. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of this study was all customers of sports products in Khorasan Razavi province that According to the Cochran sample size, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample by random cluster sampling And completed the standard questionnaires of regret after the purchase of Delacroix et al. (2007) and the study of purchasing motivations of Iranian consumers Heidarzadeh and Bahrami (2015). Data analysis was performed by SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that the variable of shopping motivation was affected by factors such as shopping at auction, utilitarian shopping, pleasure shopping, role playing, brand consciousness and awareness (brand loyalty), sensory motivation and inspiring shopping, quality awareness, social shopping, fun or entertainment shopping and value shopping respectively. Also, the two dimensions of feeling regret after shopping and feeling regret due to not shopping were the two factors that explained the variable of shopping regret. On the other hand, it was observed that there is a correlation between shopping motivation and shopping regret and the relationship model between shopping motivation and shopping regret has a good fit. Therefore, identifying shopping motivations can be effective for owners, marketers and sellers of sports equipment stores in creating long-term relationships between sellers and customers.
 

The purpose of this study was to provide a model for promoting the brand position in the country's sports club industry. The research method was qualitative with a systematic exploratory approach (content analysis). Participants consisted of two sections of human resources (club managers and coaches, sports marketing experts) and information resources (relevant and credible scientific, library and media) Participants in sufficient numbers, purposefully and based on saturation Theoretical was done (27 people and 39 documents). The research tools included semi-structured exploratory interviews along with a systematic library study. The validity of the instrument was evaluated and confirmed based on the scientific competence of the sample, the content validity of the experts and the agreement between the coding correctors. To analyze the findings, a multi-stage conceptual coding method (open, selective and thematic) with a system analysis approach was used. The final conceptual framework consisted of 121 components, 26 dimensions, 9 perspectives and 3 levels identified. Levels and perspectives, respectively, affect-effectiveness between their sub-variables, including the underlying level (structural, managerial and capacity perspectives of the club), the strategic level (marketing perspectives, brand strength, branding and innovation) and the functional level (functional perspectives and Brand values). Based on the research findings, it can be said that brand promotion in club management is a systematic process in which the marketing system should achieve the targeted values based on knowing the contexts and adopting appropriate strategies. It is suggested to the clubs that in order to promote the brand, they should not be satisfied with only a few occasional measures with short-term effect, but also define their branding project based on a scientific framework such as the model presented in this research.