Showing 10 results for Function
Farhad Ghadiri, Akram Mashaallahi, Ali Akbar Jaberimoghadam,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (9-2011)
Abstract
Physical Self Concept can be affected from interventions such as sport and exercise training. So in order to enhancing the person`s physical characteristics perception and creation the partnership motivation in physical activity, it is important to know a bout the way of affecting this methods of training. Purpose: this study was designed to evaluate the effect of a progressive resistance training program on the physical self concept and body function of boys with cerebral palsy. Methods: Sixteen students [mean age 16.05 years (SD 1.2)] with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy were randomly divided in control (7) and experimental (9) groups. Participants in the experimental group completed a progressive resistance-training program (8 week) using three exercises to strengthen the major support muscles of lower limbs. Pre and post intervention, the physical self- concept was measured by the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire, and body function was measured by the balance test, walking test, stair test, and strength tests of Ankle plantar flexors, Knee extensors, Hip extensors. The data was analyzed via repeated measures and independent T-test.
Results: overall, the body function of experimental group showed a significant changes in balance test, walking test, stair test, and strength tests of Ankle plantar flexors, Knee extensors, Hip extensors (p<0/05). But, difference between the pre test and post test averages of the experimental group in global physical self concept and their subscales was not significant (p>0/05).Conclusion: in order to change in physical self concept via physical activity, it is crucial to control the factors such as period of training, training context, intention of subjects and etc.
Volume 5, Issue 9 (4-2015)
Abstract
The purpose of this research was comparing the effectiveness of drug therapy,
motion-perceptual exercises and their combination on attentive function in
children between 6 to 12 years old with attention- hyperactivity disorder. In this
Semi-empirical study, three groups were selected including 12 girls and boys (6-
12 years old) with attention/hyperactivity disorde. To collect data Conners
Parents Rating Scale, CBCL, Continious performance test, and Bruninks –
Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency were used. The selected motion program
included motion-perceptual exercises and was implemented over 18 sessions
within 6 weeks and the selected metions, Ritalinica & Respridoon, were
prescribed. With 95% confidence level, there was significant difference in
components of Continues Performance test (attention deficit, impulsivity and
reaction time) before and after implementing motion-perceptual exercises. Data
analysis using ANOVA to evaluate the effectiveness of each method and subjects
ANOVA to test the difference between mean scores of subjects in the Subcomponents
continuous performance test for comparison of various methods was
used in treatment. There were no significant differences in all components of CPT
test in cdifferent methods and. The results showed no significant differences with
95% confidence level between effectiveness of drug therapy groups, motionperceptual
exercises and combination method and it was confirmed that the
effectiveness of methods (attention deficit, impulsivity and reaction time) is similar
to the other.
Dr Mohamad Ali Ghareh, Dr Marjan Safari, Dr Shahrzad Nayeri,
Volume 6, Issue 11 (9-2016)
Abstract
This research aims to reconstruct the functions of national media for development of recreational sports and present strategies and guidelines. The qualitative approach and data-based theorization method is used in this research. In this method, the functions and strategies of national media are elicited directly from the data obtained through profound interviews with experts in order to develop recreational sports. The statistical population in this study consists of all experts who have academic specialization and executive experience in the field of management of recreational sports and media, selected from the university and recreational sports authorities. Sampling method is snowball and 28 interviews are made with the experts as explained above. Based on the analyses of the interviews, nine functions are found for the national media in development of recreational sports. These include: the educational function, the informatic function, the awareness function, raising information, social coherence, institutionalization, highlighting, social marketing, modernism, and environmental supervision. In general terms, based on the findings of this research, one can state that media can have a prominent role in increasing the participation of people in recreational sports regarding the influence they have in attracting the audience and participating in the process of formation of public thoughts.
Dr Maryam Nezakat Alhoseini, Mr Esmaeil Soleimani, Dr Abbas Bahram,
Volume 8, Issue 15 (8-2018)
Abstract
Taking individuals' cognitive abilities into consideration can play an important role in the initial stages of learning motor skills. So, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cognitive functions on feedback request strategy and learning of a perceptual motor task. A number of 60 university male students with a mean age of 22/4 years (SD = 1/99) were selected through convenience sampling and were assigned to 6 groups according to their intelligence quotient, memory quotient and attention scores. All participants performed 100 badminton long services during the practice phase, and 20 services, during the retention and transfer phases. Wechsler Revised Intelligence Test, Wechsler memory scale, Toulouse and Pieron Test, and Scott and Fax Badminton Long Service were used to collect the data on intelligence quotient, memory quotient, attention, and badminton long service performance, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and Independent t-test (α=0/05) were used to analyze the collected data. The analyses demonstrated that intelligence quotient, memory quotient, and attention had a significant effect on decreasing feedback request frequency during the acquisition phase, and increasing badminton long service scores during the acquisition, retention and transfer phases. Therefore, it can be concluded that bearing individuals' cognitive abilities in mind during motor skills training can be beneficial.
Mrs Marzieh Balali, Dr Mohammad Kazem Vaez Mousavi, Dr Abdollah Ghasemi,
Volume 9, Issue 17 (9-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of present study was to investigate predictions of challenge point theory (guadagnoli and lee, 2004) through comparing two group of challenging and nonchallenging games in developing manipulative fundamental movement skills. Thirty 4 to 6 years old child were selected from one of the kindergartens of Tehran and were grouped according to pretest scores. The games were used were designed for developing manipulative skills in both groups, however the task difficulty of these games was increased in challenging group while in nonchallenging group it was kept constant. The intervention was 8 weeks, 2 session for each week and 42 minutes for each session. Children's manipulative skills were assessed using Test of Gross Motor Development – second version in the beginning and the end of the intervention. The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that improvement groups in total score of manipulative skills and all subscales exept that catching wasn't significant. In total, if the challenge point theories predictions on developing of manipulative skills of healthy children failed to be proved but better improvement of challenging group in catching shows that this method is more effective in developing complex skills.
Narges Rashidi, Hamid Salehi, Shila Safavi Homami,
Volume 9, Issue 18 (12-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this inquiry was to examine the interrelations among handwriting legibility and speed, and underlying perceptual-motor skills in Persian language students. Seventy students (26 male, 44 female; 10.21 ± 1.02 yr; 30 poor and 40 good control hand writers) were assessed during a copying task. The children completed the visual-motor control (VMC), upper-limb speed and dexterity (ULSD), and upper-limb coordination (ULC) subtests of the Bruininks–Oseretsky test of motor proficiency (BOT). The poor group scored significantly lower on handwriting legibility and speed in comparison with classroom controls in the copying task. Correlation coefficients between perceptual-motor function scores with handwriting legibility, and with handwriting speed varied from -0.11 to 0.40, and 0.17 to 0.39 respectively. Results showed that both legibility and speed predicted differences between students classified as “poor” and “good” hand writers. Results also showed that in the poor hand writers group, age, gender, BOT-ULC, and BOT-VMC were found to be significant predictors of legibility of handwriting, whereas gender and BOT-ULC were shown to be significant predictors of handwriting speed. The findings suggest that distinct perceptual-motor components may underlie writing during copying. Poor quality of handwriting of children seems to be particularly related to some sort of deficiency and dysfunction in perceptual-motor skills. Future studies should determine the possible benefit of interventions including stimulant in perceptual-motor functioning and handwriting performance, to enhance performance in these areas.
Ms. Sima Ramesh, Dr. Elaheh Azadian, Dr. Mahdi Majlesi,
Volume 10, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
The evaluation of cognitive and motor performance can lead to a recognition of the risk factors associated with falling. The aim of this study was to compare cognitive and motor functions in elderly with and without experience of falling. In so doing, 60 elderly with and without falling experience voluntarily participated in this study. Mini Mental examination Test, working memory capacity test, reaction time, inhibition test, Berg balance test, tandem balance test, 6-minute walking test and balance confidence test were all administered to the groups. To analyze the data thus obtained, and to examine the relationship between the variables for estimated fall, independent samples t-test and regression analysis were run. The significance level was considered as p<0.05. The results showed that elderly people with fall experience had a weaker cognitive and balance-maintenance performance than those without such experience (p<0.05). The results of correlation and regression analyses indicated that Berg balance test, tandem, inhibition and MMSE had the strongest relationship with falling. Based on these results, it can be claimed that fall in elderly is associated with poor balance as well as cognitive decline. Age is one of the predictors of falling, and about 25% of motor activities are related to cognitive capacities.
Dr Bijan Rajaeian, Dr Rasoul Yaali, Mrs Sara Oftadeh, Ali Shah Hoseini, Shabnam Rezvan Nobahar,
Volume 11, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
Researchers have shown that visual motor skills can be improved by practicing visual skills for optimal motor performance during sport. The aim of this research was to study the effect of 6 visual training on vision functions skilled players in Badminton sport. The participants of this research were skilled badminton players from Esfahan province. 60 persons (range of age: of 25-30) were divided into two group: experimental group and control group randomly. After the presence of the two groups in pre-test, the experimental group participated in visual training and control group in watching badminton match movie, both for six weeks and three sessions per week and in the last session, both groups participated in post-test. These tests included close-far chart test (hart chart), two rows Saccades test, and test of bringing closes a pencil (prism test), coordination of eye-hand test, and the time of vision reaction test. The data was analyzed by ANCOVA analyses test (p≤0.05).The results indicated that in some visual function (included Visual reaction time, Tracking and Visual concentration in experimental group was better than control group.
Azar Habibinejad, Hamid Rajabi, Farhad Ghadiri, Mehrdad Anbarian,
Volume 100, Issue 100 (10-2020)
Abstract
One of the most important issues for the elderly is the issue of physical health and cognitive problems. The aim of this study was to compare the activity of dual resistance-cognitive task with different intensities on fatigue, balance and cognitive function of elderly women. The present study is an applied and quasi-experimental method with the presence of 20 elderly women aged 60 to 70 years, which was done as a one-session test and getting answers. Subjects performed exhausting tests of foot press with machine and shoulder press with dumbbell with combined cognitive load with two different intensities (70% 1RM with low cognitive load and 30% 1RM with high cognitive load) in two days with an interval of 48 hours and the results were recorded. Balance test, upper and lower torso muscle activity and Stroop test were measured. The results of fatigue time, cognitive test and balance were significantly different between the two intensities (p <0.05). But in relation to the middle spectrum of muscle frequency, no significant difference was observed between the two intensities (p> 0.05). Using low-intensity, high-cognitive exercise is more effective in treating upper body fatigue, which puts more pressure, which may need further investigation to evaluate the long-term success of these programs.
Hanieh Ghasemian Moghadam, Mahdi Sohrabi,
Volume 100, Issue 100 (10-2020)
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of basic taekwondo exercises on the executive functions of children with a learning disorder. For this purpose, 20 boys aged 10 to 12 years with learning disorder in Mashhad were selected and randomly assigned to training and control groups. The training group practiced Taekwondo for 12 sessions, each session lasting 50 minutes, repeating three days a week. The control group also engaged in their normal daily activities during this period. Changes in subjects' cognitive functions were measured before and after the training period by the N-back and the Tower of London tests. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used for statistical analysis. The results showed that basic taekwondo exercises improve executive functions in the training group; All these changes were significant compared to the control group (p<0/05). Therefore, based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that basic taekwondo exercises help to improve the executive functions of children with learning disorder by affecting brain areas related to executive functions.
