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In this study the Relationship between attitude, organizational structure and organizational climate and information technology diffusion among selected sport organizations in IRAN wasinvestigated. Total 176 administrators and 194 experts using random sampling were selected. Questionnaires as the measuring attitude, researcher-designed organizational structure, organizational climate, information technology diffusion instrument were used. To determine the face and content validity (panel of experts), construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and reliability (alpha Cranach) were used. Descriptive and statically statistics (correlation test and multiple regressions organizational climate) were used. Results showed significant positive relationship between attitude, organizational structure, organizational climate and components from the viewpoints of managers and experts in Physical Education, Sports Federations and Physical Education of ministry of education information technology. We can say that in current circumstances, having logical approach to issues, problems, defects and barriers in information technology to achieve the release of information is advisable.

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The purpose of this paper was to briefly discuss origins of the Iranian sport clubs and ancient sports. Apparently, ancient sports, from the very beginning, have been dramatically under the influence of social, religious, and ethical factors. For instance, such sports are influenced by the principles of Mithraism and Zoroastrianism be for the emergence of Islam. There are also some manifestation of Islamic social  behaviors such as Sufism, theologism , Islamic genensity , and Shiite principles in ancients sports. Such manifestation are physically evident in the sportment’s dressing  styles the place of exercise, and speech. They are also evident in their daily performances such as getting up early and keeping chastity.

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The aim of this study was a comparison between indoor sport facilities and equipments general administration of physical education and education ministry of Hamedan province with standards in term of safety and hygiene. Statistical population of this study includes the indoor sport facilities of hamedan province’s general administration of physical education (N=130) and education ministry (N=51) except pools. The sample was equal with the population. Data collection is done with the field method and it is used of safety and hygiene evaluation checklists that were made by Farzam (1388). For data analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, including single sample t-test and independent t-test, were used. The results showed that indoor sport facilities and equipments of both Hamedan’s general administration of physical education and education ministry, in comparison with the standards, were in a low level that this difference was significance (&alpha=0/05). Also, in comparison of indoor sport facilities and buildings' safety and hygiene condition between two studying organizations, there was significant differentiation in terms of fences, building, light and sound, air conditioner, toilet seats, and dressing rooms and showers condition, also, general administration of physical education was better than education ministry. In comparison of safety and hygiene of equipments and activity zones of sport indoor facilities (football, handball, basketball and badminton), there was significant difference between two organizations so that education ministry was better than general administration of physical education (&alpha=0/05).

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The aim of this study was to rank and analyze the barriers to implementing strategies in the sports system. For this purpose Analytical Hierarchy Process was used. Participants in this study compromised experts and scholars who were familiar with the strategic management in the formulation or implementation of the strategies involved in the sport (n =21). in order to provide couples with the scale AHP and confirm its validity by 6 experts. The weighting and ranking of barriers were identified by the Expert Choice software. Expert Choice software output analysis showed that the barriers to transition strategies with weighted (307/0) is the most important components in advancing the sport implementation strategies. Results also showed that at level 3 hierarchical tree, the lack of meritocracy in sports management (weight 284/0), the most important part of the infrastructure, the lack of attention to executive function of strategic plans in formulation stage (Idealist program) (weight 228/0), The main obstacle to the formulation of strategies, the commitment and belief of the few managers to implement strategies (weight 32/0), the main obstacle to the implementation of transition strategies neglect strategies in implementation in allocation of budget funds (weight 229/0),  The main obstacle is the strategies implementation stage. The findings of this study can be a source of solutions for strategic programs formulators and performers in the sports organizations.

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The purpose of this study is to classify different dimensions of organizational justice of administration of Youth and Sports of Tehran Province. The statistical population of this research includes all employees of administration of Youth and Sports of Tehran Province (N=180). Statistical sampling was based upon the whole with an equal volume with relevant society. For the purpose of data collection, questionnaire of Chester & Tad (2007) used for organizational justice. The validity and content of questionnaires were specified by the comments of specialists and professors of Sport Management. Then, it was possible to find out reliability of mentioned questionnaire by the use of Chronbach alpha (&alpha=0.94). The research method is descriptive and reliable which was performed on field basis. Some descriptive indexes and Kolmogorov–Smirnov, single sample t, independent t, Pierson correlation coefficient and Friedman's classification test were applied for further data collection. According to the results, the average grade of organizational justice was 65.84±16.95, distributional justice was 8.19±4.04, procedural justice was 30.55±9.46 and transactional justice was 27.10±7.01 which are lower than average level accordingly. The results showed that there is a significant difference between organizational justice of male & female staff. Furthermore, there was not significant relation between the age and job records and organizational justice (p>0.05).  The results showed that there is a positive relation among distributional justice dimensions, procedural justice and transactional justice (p&le0.05). The results of Friedman's classification test showed that various dimensions of organizational justice are respectively as: distributional justice, transactional justice and procedural justice. It is clear that procedural justice rather than the other dimensions was run better by the administration. Finally, it was resulted that the administrators should pay more attention to procedural and interactional justice which had the lowest averages and by usingthea practical solutions provide understanding of justice for staff.

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Today, the brand's customer loyalty is key to business success, Many companies try to increase loyalty among customers to expand their brand. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing the loyalty of purchase decision makers of the clubs and football players to sports apparel brand in the eleventh round of the Premier football League. Methodology of this research was surveying and population of this research formed as sports apparel purchase decision makers in the Premier League football clubs of Iran(the director and deputy director of the club, and the head coach and team coaches N=90). The study sample included 60 individuals purchasing decision makers in clubs and 263 people of Premier League football players of Iran. Questionnaire data collection tool for brand loyalty was Wong Foong and yahyah (2008) with reliability of (&alpha=0.82). The results showed that the factors of the product quality, model and brand of sports was more effective than other factors in loyalty of sport apparel brand in the Premier League football clubs of Iran. Therefore, sports apparel industry planners should try to modify models to increase brand loyalty and other factors affecting brand loyalty to expand their brand through customers. They provide basis increasing rate of customers loyalty and thus provide the long-term interests of their business.

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Today, the brand's customer loyalty is key to business success, many companies
try to increase loyalty among customers to expand their brand. The aim of this
study was to identify factors influencing the loyalty of purchase decision makers
of the clubs and football players to sports apparel brand in the eleventh round of
the Premier League. Methodology of this research was surveying and population
of this research formed as sports apparel purchase decision makers in the
Premier League football clubs of Iran(the director and deputy director of the club,
and the head coach and team coaches N=90)and the players who participated in
the eleventh round of Premier League football (463= N).The study sample
included 60 individuals purchasing decision makers in clubs and 263 people of
Premier League football players of Iran. Questionnaire data collection tool for
brand loyalty was Wong Foong and yahyah (2008) with reliability of (α=0.82).
Face and content validity of the questionnaire was verified by masters of sport
marketing and confirmed by sport management. To analyse data Kolmogorov
Smirnov test, ANOVA (analysis of variance) with repeated measures, a
comparison Bunfrony test and independent t-tests at a significance level of 0.05
was conducted with spss19 software were used. The results showed that the
factors of the product quality, model and brand of sports was more effective than
other factors in loyaltyofsportsapparel brand and factors of service quality and
price perspective, No significant difference between group of purchasing decision
makers and players in the Premier League football clubs of Iran were found.
Therefore, program managers sports apparel industry planners should try to
create or modify models to increase brand loyalty and products quality and using
innovative strategies of develop and promote service quality and pricing to
expand their brand through customers. Moreover provide basis increasing rate of
customers loyalty and thus provide the long-term interests of their business

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The purpose of this study is to indendiey the situation expression of the sport
tourism marketing indexes from sport and tourism expert’s view in west
Azerbaijan province.This study is descriptive- analytical and field methods.
Research statistical population is expert members of tourism organization (n=39)
and expert members of physical education general offices (n=45). Research tools
is sport marketing tourism indexes Questionnaire Bidokhti and Nazari (2009) with
reliability of (α= 0. 82). Validity was confirmed by sport management experts’
view. For comparison of existence and ideal situation, Wilcox test used. Also for
component mean comparison with mean of the spectrum one-sample t-test and
for precedence of the indexes was used from Friedman test (p≤0.05) were used.
The results showed that, between the current and ideal situation in massive
investment country modification, development of infrastructure, attention to
tourism attractions, promotion activities and regulation of guidelines based on
distribute attractions, there are significant differences and in all cases, the
existence situation mean is less than ideal situation. This means that the
mentioned indicators are not empowered in the existing situation and need to be
reviewed, that achieve to their optimum condition.
based on results, the managers don’t use from marketing indexes mentioned as
a way of sports tourism marketing, while indicate that the use of these methods,
are the reasons for development of sports tourism marketing. The result of this
factor is: create of positive station in the sport tourist minds, and at last these
industries develop in western Azerbaijan province, and increase tourism market
share.

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Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to examine the process of retirement from professional sport from perspective of sports administrator and retired athletes. This survey was descriptive that 42 administrators and 70 retired athletes from Guilan province took part in it. Data gathered through SCT questionnaire which it's content and face validity was confirmed by 15 experts and reliability was computed in a pilot study that included 20 retired athletes and 15 sports administrator (r=0.91). The data were analyzed by using repeated measure, Pearson correlation coefficient and Independent t test. The results showed that, the reasons for sport retirement included achievement of goals championship, sport injuries, financial problems and having problems with coaching staff. Also health-related and job-related problems were the most problems which retired athletes were confronted them. Results showed there were significant differences among problems of sport retirement from the perspective of sports administrator and retired athletes. Also, there were significant relationships between reasons and problems of retirement (p≤0.05). With offering programs such as economic and financial, educational, professional, Public health and nutrition consultant, etc., sport organizations can prepare athletes to face with retirement and its likely problems.

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In recent years by technology development and changes in lifestyles of
communities, adventure sports as a new field of sport is growing in a rapid rate and
attracted fans in different communities. Importance of leisure time and sport
tourism makes this issue an importante area for scientific research. Thus, the
purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers and solutions of adventure sports
development in Sanandaj city. The descriptive survey methodology would be
applied based upon the case study. Statistical sample due to volume of population
was equal to target population(n=N=39). SWOT analysis to investigating the
internal (strength & weakness) and external (opportunity & threats) factors use to
analyze strategic position. To collect the data, library resources, literature and
background review, interviews and questionnaires was used. The Final score of
evaluate internal factors (2.698) and external factors (2.554) matrices locate
Sanandaj city in SO strategies. Thus, it is recommended to focus on aggressive
development strategy.

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The study of work ethics and job satisfaction have gained great significance
following the failures of major corporations and the West’s crisis. The purpose of
research was to analyze the relationship between work ethics and satisfaction
events volunteers in sport. The method that applied in research was descriptivecorrelation.
The research statistic population consists of all volunteers participating
in twelfth sport-cultural Olympiad of male and female students of universities all
around the country.133 persons were evaluated as the sample of the research. For
collecting data, They completed two questionnaires work ethic of Petty(1990), and
satisfaction of volunteer experiences of Mallaei et al (1388). Face and content
validity of the questionnaires were approved by experts. Reliability of the
questionnaire work ethic (Cronbach's alpha) and satisfaction of volunteer
experiences was α=0.82 and α=0.92, respectively. The results of the Pearson
correlation showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between
work ethic and Satisfaction Volunteers. The stepwise regression analysis showed
two aspects of work ethic (healthy relations and diligence at work) had positive and
significant role in anticipation the satisfaction of volunteers (p≤ 0/01). it is
recommended to athletic directors to increase satisfaction in sport volunteers by
providing ethic codes and developing work ethic principles

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The study of work ethics and job satisfaction have gained great significance following the failures of major corporations and the West’s crisis. The purpose of research was to analyze the relationship between work ethics and  satisfaction events volunteers in sport. The method that applied in research was descriptive-correlation. The research statistic population consists of all volunteers participating in twelfth sport-cultural Olympiad of male and female students of universities all around the country.133 persons were evaluated as the sample of the research. For collecting data, They completed two questionnaires work ethic of Petty(1990), and satisfaction of volunteer experiences of Mallaei et al (1388). Face and content validity of the questionnaires were approved by experts. Reliability of the questionnaire work ethic (Cronbach's alpha) and satisfaction of volunteer experiences was α=0.82 and α=0.92, respectively. The results of the Pearson correlation showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between work ethic and Satisfaction Volunteers. The stepwise regression analysis showed two aspects of work ethic (healthy relations and diligence at work) had positive and significant role in anticipation the satisfaction of volunteers (p≤ 0/01). it is recommended to athletic directors to increase satisfaction in sport volunteers by providing ethic codes and developing work ethic principles.

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This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence with sport Orientation of Male athletes of Confrontational fields and non_ Confrontational. the method of research is Descriptive-survey and population of the study, 200 participants of Confrontational fields (handball, futsal, basketball, karate, kung fu) and non_ Confrontational (table tennis, chess, swimming, volleyball, gymnastics) of Sanandaj that was randomly selected. Participants of both emotional intelligence questionnaire of Lan et al. (2009) and McGill’s questionnaire and Dieter’s (1998) they were completed. And using Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression tests and Fisher's z at a significance level (level 05 / 0≥p) were analyzed. The result of Correlation analysis showed a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and athletic component of orientation and non-orientation is existing. Also the relationship between emotional intelligence and sport orientation in Confrontational and non_ Confrontational fields is not significant defenses. According to the results of study for achievement of Confrontational and non_ Confrontational athletes, sports equipment recommended.

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The porpuse of current study was to "investigate sportspersonship of Premier League Handball Players". The kind of this study was descriptive-correlative that based on the covariance matrix factor analysis conducted.The statistical population was consisted of all male professional handball players of premier league (1391-1392), that 95 person were selected as statistical sample. Also to collecting data, Knortz (2009) sportspersonship's questionnaire (MSOS) was used. Regarding to the normal distribution of data (P>0/05), the results showed that the difference between the average of observed rates in the 5 components of One's Full Commitment toward Sport Participation ( = 4/21), Respect for Social Conventions ( = 3/83) Respect for the Rules and the Officials ( = 3/84), Respect and Concern for the Opponent ( = 3/28), and the Negative Approach toward the Practice of  Sport ( = 2/89) is significant. Findings showed that the sportspersonship has a valuable place among handball players of the Premier League. Since during a competition, the athlete alongside her or his teammates trying to behave according to the style adopted by the team and his or her teammates, high-contact team sports (like handball) in comparison with other team sports (like volleyball) has a lower level of sportspersonship and this subject make clear the importance of measuring the sportspersonship's capabilities of handball players.

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The purpose of this study was to provide a model for surveying the effect of attitude towards sport advertising on perceived value and purchase intention. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of data collection method. Data collection tools were included of questionnaire, interview and library study. The statistical population of this research was customers of Sport stores in Chabahar Free Zone. Purposive availability sampling method was used (n=333) and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings showed that fit indices of the model are proportional (RMSEA = 0/064, CFI=0/93, RFI= 0/92, NFL=0/89). The variable “personal use” at the significant level (0.05) had highest load factor (0.70) among effective factors on attitude towards sports advertising. The results showed that positive attitudes toward advertising could not guarantee the purchase of sports products by itself, but value creation in consumers as mediator factor can lead to buy. It is suggested that advertisers of products and services pay more attention to the attitude of audiences and advertising agencies such as mass media try to have more control over the nature of sports advertising.

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Volunteer Movement and deliver services to society is phenomenons of  coeval universe.The aim of this research work was to present a pattern for Iran`s sports volunteer absorbance management information system requirement analysis. This investigation was of descriptive-analytic sort and in regard for practical goal, it was type of (UML) methodology and it used object-oriented design model (RUP). The questionnaire implements were prepared.The statistic-population consisted:All youth and sports ministry deputies, directors of all staffs All presidents, vice presidents and professors of Iran`s sports federations.Census method was opted for sampling. Validity of the survey was confirmed by sports management professors and software science professors. Reliability of questionaire was obtained by Brown-Spearman 87/ split-half experiment and Cronbach`s alpha ratio calculation 72/.Findings showed: sports volunteer absorbance management information system requirement was presented which contained: human resource, planning, registration and acceptance, introduction, financial and support, education and advocating, reward and retrain. Iran`s candidate stakeholders were identified and eventually requirement analysis pattern was presented. Identification of information needs is the basis of voluntary information system management, because if the knowledge of the system is not well done, effective interaction between the volunteers and the information system management will not come about. For this reason, the basis for the analysis of the requirements of the information management system of sports volunteers is the identification of information needs.

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The aim of this study was to examine the impact of social capital and intellectual capital on organizational performance. The research is descriptive and correlational. The study population consisted of 150 office workers Youth and Sports Kermanshah province is Of which 110 samples were selected in the first half of 1395. The research tools using standard questionnaires, social capital (Putnam, 2000), intellectual capital Bontis (2004) and organizational performance questionnaire Baharestan et al (1391), respectively. In this study, face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by 10 experts in sports management.In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha coefficient Amos software to various factors questionnaire, respectively, 77/0, 87 /. , 80/0, respectively. The. For data analysis and structural equation modeling software was used Amos. The analysis results showed that Social capital variables intellectual capital, organizational performance and intellectual capital have a significant positive impact on organizational performance. The results of the study showed that Intellectual investment in social capital influence on organizational performance, the role of the moderator is capable of.

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The purpose of this study is to predict the management of change through the use of information technology components in the Ministry of Sports and Youth of the Islamic Republic of Iran. To collect data, a questionnaire was used to survey the acceptance and use of information technology in the workplace (Davis, 1989) in four sections: perceived usefulness with 6 questions, perceptual ease with 6 questions, attitude towards the use of information technology with 5 questions, and The tendency to use information technology with 4 questions and a total of 21 questions of five values (Likert number 1 to 5, too many) were used and the AdCaracy FAQ changed the management to assess the extent and the extent to which employees were exposed to changes in the workplace to measure The components of knowledge, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement (Likert Five Value Questionnaire). The questionnaire from the translated translated article is a research article to investigate the extent and staff resistance to change (Boehne, 2012). It is worth mentioning that the questionnaire is a super standard and international, and with the confirmation of professors, Is. Its reliability has been approved and certified at an international level of 96%. The methodology of this research is descriptive-survey. The results of the research were descriptive and inferential statistics such as Kalmogorov-Smirnov (to determine the normality of the data), single-sample t-test (to determine the status of the main variables), Pearson correlation coefficient (to determine the relationships between variables), multiple regression test (forward direction Nasal variables) were analyzed using spss software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between "change management" and "application of information technology". Also, there is a significant positive relationship between "perceived usefulness", "perceived ease", "attitude toward application" and "tendency to use" with "change management" (p <0.05)., So it can be deduced that change management can be predicted through the IT component. In this research, change management is considered as a criterion variable and is predicted through the application of information technology components.

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Today, because of living in the machines age and the resulted less mobility and activity of citizens, the diverse and accessible sports for the citizens has become more important. This research which was carried out by qualitative methodology with fundamental-exploratory nature and using the grounded theory is aimed at designing a conceptual model for citizen sports in Tehran metropolitan area. The purposeful-snowball sampling method was used in the research. Accordingly, in order to collect the data, 25 experts of citizen sports were interviewed, and the Strauss and Corbin paradigm analysis was used to develop the final model. Given the results, motivational and health factors were identified as causal conditions, the hardware and software context was identified as the dominant field, the behavioral, structural and environmental level factors were identified as the intervening conditions. Also, promotional, legal, financial, educational, interactive and developmental measures were identified as strategies, and securing national interests, economic consequences, sport development, health-sanitary and socio-cultural outcomes were identified as the strategies implementation results. Given these findings, one can expect that by identifying the citizen sports conditions and concentration on strategic actions, the functional and operational facilities for its development and growth would be provided in Tehran metropolitan area.

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In the recent years, adventure sports have been growing increasingly. Adventure sports are new and appealing activities that regularly include some kinds of physical and mental challenges and relative presence of natural environment. These activities are presenting new paths and sometime they called as a serious competitor for mainstream sport. The aim of this study was to present a paradigm for adventure sports development. The qualitative methodology used in this study has followed an interpretive approach that was achieved by grounded theory. Data was collected from literature, interviews, focus groups, adventure sports related documentary films and movies. Results of this study are presenting adventure sports paradigm. In this paradigm developmental causal conditions of adventure sports, contexture of adventure sports, existing intervening conditions and contextual conditions, strategies and tactics for developing adventure sports and finally consequences. To appropriate recognition and encountering with this field, that most probably will be one of the main part of sport, we suggest doing more scientific research, especially with futurology approaches.