Showing 13 results for Cognitive
Seyyed Rafi Shafabakhsh, Mohsen Shafizadeh, Mohammad Reza Dehkhoda,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (8-2012)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exercise and fitness education on physical fitness factors. 84 healthy non-athlete student (mean age 12.5±0.49 yrs, mean height 153.8±6.1 cm, mean wieght 46.25±7.3 kg) who had not regular activities for more than 6 months were voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly divided among three groups: training-education (n=28), training (n=28) and control (n=28). The health-sports, the researcher made scientific the Dessi-Ryan motication questionaires and health-relaeted physical fitness factors were used to collect data. To analyse data MANOVA, simple variance analysis and LSD were used. Results showed a significant differences among groups. The follow-up test results showed that the cardio-respiratory endurance in training-education group were significantly greater than other groups. Flexibility and abdominal endurance muscles in control group were lesser than other groups. In conclusion, training along with education can have a better effect on physical fitness factors.
Rahim Ramezani Nejad, Mehrieh Panahi, Seyyed Jalil Miryosefi, Seyyed Mohammad Niazi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (8-2012)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was ranking the psycho-motor, cognitive, and affective needs of elementary, junior-high, and high school student. For this purpose, 385 P.E. specialists, 1370 Femalephysical educators, 1509 Femalestudents, and 1385 student mothers from capital cities of 25 provinces in the country, participated in this study. Twelve physical-motor needs, 15 sport-skill needs, 13 cognitive needs, and 12 psychosocial needs were selected. Only five important needs were ranked between all the needs related to them by samples (from 1, highest priority, to 5, lowest priority). The questionnaire was made of three stages of designing instrumentation and pilot study, and with internal consistency of 0.71-0.97. The entire hypothesis was compared with Cruskall-Wallis test in level of P< 0.05. The results of this study indicated that, many of the educational needs among male and female students in elementary, junior- high and high schools were significantly different. The priority of these needs was similar between P.E. specialists and physical educators, and also between students and their parents. On the other hand there was a significant difference between the priority of psychomotor needs, in comparison to cognitive and affective needs. However, there was no significant difference between the priority of cognitive and affective needs of students in schools. Needs for teaching simple and basic skills health and good appearance also had high priority among elementary students. Needs for teaching fitness exercises sports health and good appearance also had priority among junior-high and high school students. Considering curriculum models, a combined point of views of all groups concord coefficient and the most important and priority of every group of students can be used for P.E. curriculum. These models could also be refined with other models, such as Delphi technique.
Volume 5, Issue 9 (4-2015)
Abstract
Ackerman (1988) states intelligence and motor ability as the two important
abilities in three learning stages (cognitive, motor and autonomic) of Fitts and
Posner. Therefore, the present study aims at investigating the relationship
between Intelligence Quotient (IQ), motor fitness and anthropometric
characteristics with basic basketball skills learning stages. The population
includes all seven-to-eleven-year-old boys of Aleshtar city, 1054, 60 of whom
were selected using random cluster sampling method. Data collection tools
included Rion’s IQ inventory, standard tests of motor fitness, and basketball skill
tests of Ifred. Statistical analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation
coefficient and linear regression. Correlation between IQ and performance basic
skills of basketball in cognitive stage of learning was significant and its peak. This
correlation in motor and autonomic stages was also significant but decreased. On
the other hand, the correlation of motor fitness and anthropometric characteristics
with performance basic skills of basketball was low but still significant in cognitive
and motor stages. This correlation reached its peak in autonomic stage. Motor
fitness and anthropometric characteristics are more important in autonomic stage
and IQ is more important in motor fitness in cognitive stages of learning shooting,
passing and dribbling skills in basketball.
Dr Maryam Nezakat Alhoseini, Mr Esmaeil Soleimani, Dr Abbas Bahram,
Volume 8, Issue 15 (8-2018)
Abstract
Taking individuals' cognitive abilities into consideration can play an important role in the initial stages of learning motor skills. So, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of cognitive functions on feedback request strategy and learning of a perceptual motor task. A number of 60 university male students with a mean age of 22/4 years (SD = 1/99) were selected through convenience sampling and were assigned to 6 groups according to their intelligence quotient, memory quotient and attention scores. All participants performed 100 badminton long services during the practice phase, and 20 services, during the retention and transfer phases. Wechsler Revised Intelligence Test, Wechsler memory scale, Toulouse and Pieron Test, and Scott and Fax Badminton Long Service were used to collect the data on intelligence quotient, memory quotient, attention, and badminton long service performance, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and Independent t-test (α=0/05) were used to analyze the collected data. The analyses demonstrated that intelligence quotient, memory quotient, and attention had a significant effect on decreasing feedback request frequency during the acquisition phase, and increasing badminton long service scores during the acquisition, retention and transfer phases. Therefore, it can be concluded that bearing individuals' cognitive abilities in mind during motor skills training can be beneficial.
Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni, Masoumeh Karimnejat,
Volume 10, Issue 19 (8-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of inherent and incremental ability theories feedback on dynamic balance in middle-aged women. 29 middle-aged women (age: 50-60) randomly assigned into two groups (inherent ability= 15 subjects, and incremental ability= 14 subjects). Both groups after the dynamic balance pretest (Timed Up and Go) received different instructions feedback. Immediate retention test at the end of sessions and delayed retention test was a day later. The transfer test conducted by cognitive and manual task. All tests performed on three stages and the score was recorded average each. The Mixed analysis of variance not significant difference between two feedbacks in dynamic balance (P= 0.249). In addition, analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that the dynamic balance in middle-aged women affected by both the inherent ability-based feedback (P= 0.0005) and incremental ability-based feedback (P=0.000003).
Ms. Sima Ramesh, Dr. Elaheh Azadian, Dr. Mahdi Majlesi,
Volume 10, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
The evaluation of cognitive and motor performance can lead to a recognition of the risk factors associated with falling. The aim of this study was to compare cognitive and motor functions in elderly with and without experience of falling. In so doing, 60 elderly with and without falling experience voluntarily participated in this study. Mini Mental examination Test, working memory capacity test, reaction time, inhibition test, Berg balance test, tandem balance test, 6-minute walking test and balance confidence test were all administered to the groups. To analyze the data thus obtained, and to examine the relationship between the variables for estimated fall, independent samples t-test and regression analysis were run. The significance level was considered as p<0.05. The results showed that elderly people with fall experience had a weaker cognitive and balance-maintenance performance than those without such experience (p<0.05). The results of correlation and regression analyses indicated that Berg balance test, tandem, inhibition and MMSE had the strongest relationship with falling. Based on these results, it can be claimed that fall in elderly is associated with poor balance as well as cognitive decline. Age is one of the predictors of falling, and about 25% of motor activities are related to cognitive capacities.
Syed Hojat Zamani Sani, Vahid Hasanpour, Zahra Fathi Rezaei, Amir Ghiamirad,
Volume 11, Issue 21 (7-2021)
Abstract
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), as a developmental neurological condition, has increased in recent years. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-motor exercises on the improvement of some large and delicate motor skills of children with autism based on Gentile's Two-Stage Model. In the present Semi-experimental study, one of the rehabilitation centers under the supervision of Tehran Welfare Organization was selected as via the convenience sampling method and 20 children aged 6-10 years with autism were randomly divided into two homogeneous experimental and control groups. The subjects in the experimental group participated in a six-week training protocol (three sessions per week). Each session was made up of 60 minutes of cognitive-motor exercises based on Gentile’s model. Bruininks-Oseretsky subtests of motor proficiency were employed for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA. The results indicated that after cognitive-motor training, running and agility skills, static and dynamic balance, upper limb coordination and response speed in the experimental group increased significantly (p<0.05). As the findings showed, cognitive-motor exercises designed as a useful method can be used to rehabilitate the fine and gross motor skills of children with autism.
Dr Amir Ghiamirad, Mr Vahid Hassanpour,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive-motor exercises on pain, range of motion, and quality of life in elderly female patients with knee arthritis. In this quasi-experimental study, 30 elderly female patients referred to the physical medicine ward of Tabriz International Hospital were selected via a convenience sampling method and randomly divided into experimental (n = 16) and control (n = 14) groups. Patients in the experimental group performed cognitive-motor exercises for eight weeks, three sessions per week, and each session for 45-60 minutes. Range of motion of the knee joint were used to measure pain and quality of life via electro goniometer and the KOOS questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using combined analysis of variance test at the significance level of 0.05 in SPSS18 software. The research results showed that after cognitive-motor exercises, the amount of pain (P = 0.001), range of motion (P = 0.001), and quality of life (P = 0.001) improved significantly. As the findings indicated, it seems that cognitive-motor exercises can be used as a useful method for the rehabilitation of elderly women with knee osteoarthritis.
Fatima Rabiei, Dr. Hamdi Salehi,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (12-2022)
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the differences between novice and skilled baseball players to anticipate the type of ball being pitched and to specify the players’ dependence on distributed or local kinematic spatial cues. Male baseball players (N= 15; Mage: 27.73 ± 6.28 years; baseball experience: 7.90 ± 5.69 years) and novices (N= 15; Mage: 23.10 ± 5.68 years; no playing experience in baseball) were asked to anticipate the type of pitch (i.e., fastball vs. curveball) using a spatial occlusion paradigm. Both groups viewed recorded video simulations of spatially manipulated pitches in which nine specific parts of the pitcher’s body or the ball were either omitted or showed separately. The data was analyzed by a 2 (Skill level) × 9 (Display Condition) mixed-design analysis of variance. The results revealed that skilled baseball players outperformed novices in the occlusion conditions. Furthermore, the results revealed that skilled baseball players used throwing arm and ball as well as upper body kinematic cues for their correct anticipations. The results are in line with previous findings on perceptual-cognitive expertise and decision-making in interactive sports and indicate skilled baseball players are able to obtain information distributed globally within the pitcher's body, rather than reliance on specific isolated or local kinematic cues.
Hamdi Salehi, Samira Panahi,
Volume 13, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
This investigation aimed to determine the role of using specific gestures in simple arithmetic. Forty-seven university students (25 females; Mage = 23.45 ± 3.51 years) voluntarily participated in this study. The participants completed two tasks. In the item-counting task, the participants were shown sets of identical colored squares and asked to count a specific color by either finger-pointing, nodding, or without any gestures while counting. After completing the counting task and for measurement of the working memory performance, the participants were asked to recall lists of alphabets that were previously to them. The results revealed that when using finger-pointing or nodding while counting, the participants counted faster and more accurately than when gestures were not allowed. The results of the memory task showed that the participants retrieved significantly more alphabets and more quickly when using finger-pointing or nodding while counting than when not gesturing. Thus, the gestures helped to free up cognitive resources. The findings support the hypothesis that gestures may facilitate cognitive functions by reducing cognitive load. This present investigation, consistent with previous research, suggests that we can benefit from using our hand and head movements to facilitate some simple arithmetic tasks.
Azar Habibinejad, Hamid Rajabi, Farhad Ghadiri, Mehrdad Anbarian,
Volume 100, Issue 100 (10-2020)
Abstract
One of the most important issues for the elderly is the issue of physical health and cognitive problems. The aim of this study was to compare the activity of dual resistance-cognitive task with different intensities on fatigue, balance and cognitive function of elderly women. The present study is an applied and quasi-experimental method with the presence of 20 elderly women aged 60 to 70 years, which was done as a one-session test and getting answers. Subjects performed exhausting tests of foot press with machine and shoulder press with dumbbell with combined cognitive load with two different intensities (70% 1RM with low cognitive load and 30% 1RM with high cognitive load) in two days with an interval of 48 hours and the results were recorded. Balance test, upper and lower torso muscle activity and Stroop test were measured. The results of fatigue time, cognitive test and balance were significantly different between the two intensities (p <0.05). But in relation to the middle spectrum of muscle frequency, no significant difference was observed between the two intensities (p> 0.05). Using low-intensity, high-cognitive exercise is more effective in treating upper body fatigue, which puts more pressure, which may need further investigation to evaluate the long-term success of these programs.
Mr Naser Omidzadeh, Dr Mahin Aghdaei, Dr Alireza Farsi,
Volume 100, Issue 100 (10-2020)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of auditory focus with high and low cognitive load on adolescent sports performance and working memory. The present study was conducted quasi-experimentally and Its statistical population included adolescent primary and secondary school students in Koohnani. The statistical sample was 20 students with an age range of 11-13 years. Participants were randomly divided into two groups of auditory attention focus with high and low cognitive load and in the pre-test performed working memory task with N-BACK software and 6 football chip hits towards the target. The acquisition stage was performed in 4 days.. 7 days after the final acquisition session, N-BACK working memory test, delay retention and transfer test were taken from the participants. The results of combined analysis of variance test with repeated measures showed that the effect of auditory focus with high cognitive load on sports performance and working memory was significant (p <0.05) and the other group showed improvement only in working memory (p <0.05). Based on the results of the present, cognitive load manipulation affects work memory and athletic performance.
Ms Soosan Taabodi, Dr Shahzad Tahmasebi Boroujeni, Dr Marjan Namjoo,
Volume 100, Issue 100 (10-2020)
Abstract
Previous research has indicated the effectiveness of parent-based and instructor-based interventions on children with developmental coordination disorder, but investigation of these two approaches in mentally retarded children has not been considered until. The purpose of this study was to compare the parent-based and instructor-based educational approach on motor proficiency and cognitive development of children aged 7 to 10 years with educable mentally retarded. 40 children with educable mental retardation in Jahrom city were selected by available sampling method and were divided into two experimental groups of parent-based (7.7±1.80) and instructor-based (8.10±0.91). In pre-test, participants performed a cognitive development test (my brain cognitive intervention software). After, all participants were tested motor proficiency (Bruininks Ozertsky) in school environment. The intervention for instructor-based group was done individually by the teacher in school and for the parent-based group, the intervention was done by parents at home. The intervention was performed for both experimental groups for 6 weeks and 3 sessions of 45 minutes each week. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis showed that instructor-based exercises compared to parent-based exercises can improve motor proficiency, cognitive development (P≤0.05). Parent-based exercises can as well improve fine skills (P≤0.05).
