One of the approaches towards increasing income and economic development
for clubs in countries recognized for their football is registering these clubs as
commercial enterprises like other commercial companies and organizations.
Therefore, the aim of this study is designing effective commercialization
mechanisms for football clubs in Iran. For this purpose, a qualitative research
method was adopted, and detailed interviews with 31 experts who were aware of
this subject were done. Findings from interview analysis led to two conceptual
models of progress path of football clubs and their commercialization
mechanisms. Commercialization model is based on four principal major
relationships consisting of appropriate sport relationship, appropriate economic
relationship, appropriate sport- economic relationship and relationship that exists
in Iranian football now, as well as13 micro and detailed relationships. The findings
showed that government was the main obstacle on the way towards
commercialization of football clubs. The other results showed that many experts
were not optimistic about the existing condition.

In the recent years, adventure sports have been growing increasingly. Adventure sports are new and appealing activities that regularly include some kinds of physical and mental challenges and relative presence of natural environment. These activities are presenting new paths and sometime they called as a serious competitor for mainstream sport. The aim of this study was to present a paradigm for adventure sports development. The qualitative methodology used in this study has followed an interpretive approach that was achieved by grounded theory. Data was collected from literature, interviews, focus groups, adventure sports related documentary films and movies. Results of this study are presenting adventure sports paradigm. In this paradigm developmental causal conditions of adventure sports, contexture of adventure sports, existing intervening conditions and contextual conditions, strategies and tactics for developing adventure sports and finally consequences. To appropriate recognition and encountering with this field, that most probably will be one of the main part of sport, we suggest doing more scientific research, especially with futurology approaches.