Showing 3 results for Working Memory
Mrs Fahimeh Habibi Far, Dr Alireza Farsi, Dr Behrooz Abdoli,
Volume 8, Issue 16 (12-2018)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of concurrent cognitive tasks activating phonological loop and visuospatial scratchpad of working memory on gait in older adults.12 older adults with the age range of 65-70 years performed walking trials in 3 counterbalanced testing conditions including single walking, walking while performing visuospatial task and walking while performing phonological task. Walking trials were recorded by Motion Analysis system during the test session. Repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze the gait parameters. The findings indicated a significant difference between 3 testing conditions in step time, cadence, acceleration amplitude variability and step width. The results also showed that in dual task condition, visuospatial scratchpad activation interferes with elderly gait more so than the phonological loop activation. Therefore, it seems that visuospatial scratchpad component of working memory might be specifically used for planning and carrying out gait as a motor task.
Hamdi Salehi, Samira Panahi,
Volume 13, Issue 26 (12-2023)
Abstract
This investigation aimed to determine the role of using specific gestures in simple arithmetic. Forty-seven university students (25 females; Mage = 23.45 ± 3.51 years) voluntarily participated in this study. The participants completed two tasks. In the item-counting task, the participants were shown sets of identical colored squares and asked to count a specific color by either finger-pointing, nodding, or without any gestures while counting. After completing the counting task and for measurement of the working memory performance, the participants were asked to recall lists of alphabets that were previously to them. The results revealed that when using finger-pointing or nodding while counting, the participants counted faster and more accurately than when gestures were not allowed. The results of the memory task showed that the participants retrieved significantly more alphabets and more quickly when using finger-pointing or nodding while counting than when not gesturing. Thus, the gestures helped to free up cognitive resources. The findings support the hypothesis that gestures may facilitate cognitive functions by reducing cognitive load. This present investigation, consistent with previous research, suggests that we can benefit from using our hand and head movements to facilitate some simple arithmetic tasks.
Alihossein Naseri, Abbas Bahram, Hamid Salehi, Afkham Daneshfar,
Volume 100, Issue 100 (10-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of errorless and error full training on aiming task learning of normal teens and intellectual disability ones. 20 intellectual disability teenagers were selected from an exceptional school and 20 normal children from the Normal school in Ardebil in the range of 11 to 13 years old (M = 12, SD = 0.8). Normal and intellectual disability individuals were randomly assigned to two errorless and error full training groups according to Wechsler's intelligence test and Alloway's working memory test. The task was to throw basketball balls in the form of a chest pass to the targets with concentric circles. These goals were set at the height of the people's chest in the wall. The subjects performed 200 exercise attempts at the acquisition stage in five training blocks. Single and dual task transfer tests were carried out immediately, 24-hour latency and one week's delay. The data were analyzed using two way repeated measures analysis of variance analysis (ANOVA). The findings showed that the group had the least memory involvement and the least error in both subjects type, in the single task test [P<0.05 and in the dual task test were better [P<0.05 . The normal errorless group was not better than the intellectual disability errorless group, but the normal error full group was better than the intellectual disability error full group. The findings of this study are consistent with the Adam's closed loop theory, the reinvestment theory, and somewhat consistent with the estimates of the challenge point framework regarding the error in the acquisition stage, but these findings are somewhat contradictory with the estimates of the schema theory.
