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The primary aim of the present article is to analyze the efficiency of religious orientation in predicting flow experience of physical education students based on demographic variables. Also, the role of demographic variables was taken into account as the secondary aim of the study. 200 physical education students of the University of Isfahan were chosen randomly. They answered Religious Orientation Scale (Alport & Ross, 1987) as well as Flow Experience (Csikszentmihalyi, 1982). Multiple Regression Analysis was used to analyze the data and the structural analysis software was used to check the efficiency of the model. The results indicated that the intrinsic religious orientation model was positive predictor of the flow experience while the extrinsic religious orientation model was negative predictor of the flow experience. Also, the role of demographic variables indicated that the relationship between age and education with flow experience is positive and significant. In addition, it was revealed that the religious orientation model with the presence of demographic variables has the necessary efficiency in order to predict flow experience. All in all, the results of the present study confirmed that the intrinsic religious orientation is efficient in predicting flow experience. 

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The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between team identity and spectator flow with the atmosphere of the stadium and spectator loyalty. The research method is causal communication and the survey method is survey. The statistical population of the present study consists of 40,000 football spectators present at Azadi Stadium in the football match between Persepolis and Esteghlal Khuzestan in the 2017-2018 season. 384 of them were selected as the statistical sample of the study and the questionnaires were distributed among them as a non-random-voluntary sample. The research tools included James and Ross’s Team Identity Adjusted Questionnaire (2002), Csikszentmihalyi’s Stream Questionnaire (1990), Uhrich and Benkenstein’s Stadium Atmosphere Questionnaire (2012), and Mahoney et al.’s Spectators Loyalty Inventory (2000). The descriptive statistics and path analysis method were used in PLS software to analyze the data. The results showed that team identity and spectator flow with a path coefficient of 0.580 and 0.386, have a significant effect on the atmosphere of the stadium and also the three variables of stadium atmosphere, flow and team identity with path coefficients of 0.247, 0.248 and 0.428 have a positive effect on spectator loyalty. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested to the managers of clubs and stadiums to pay special attention to team identity and spectator flow in order to increase spectator loyalty and understand the appropriate atmosphere of the stadium.