Volume 5, Issue 9 (4-2015)
Abstract
The purpose of present study was to standardize the measurement tool of beliefs
in advertising through sport. Following the permit was taken from the owner of
the questionnaire (Pyun, 2006), questionnaire by the three-stage translation
method and introductory study performed. Population of the study was all the
spectators that attended in the Azadi Stadium, 342 samples were selected
randomly. 27 items were included in the questionnaire with seven components
(being economic, product information, falsity, materialism, social image and role,
annoying, pleasure). Questions were analyzed by the 5-likert scale. To determine
the formal and content validity of the tool, viewpoints of experts in sport marketing
were used. To determine the structure validity of the tool, CFA was applied by
using LISREL package. Analysis of the structure validity of the tool showed that
items of the questionnaire had an appropriate factor load. The results showed
that the indices of the model had an appropriate goodness of fit2.45¬df=/2x,
RMSEA=0.065, GFI=0.94, AGFI= 0.95 approved the indexes. Cronbach’s Alpha
coefficients of the reliability of the seven components were between 0.70 to
0.730.Given the confirmation of relevant tool in this study; other researchers can
use this tool to measure the customers’ belief advertisement through sport.
Dr Hamid Salehi, Mr Ali Bahrami Nia,
Volume 8, Issue 16 (12-2018)
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to develop and initial validation of a measure for assessing the athletes perceptions of coaches’ behaviors that promote fairplay behaviors. A three-step procedure was undertaken to develop the questionnaire. In the initial step, the literature review provided theoretical and empirical perspectives on how youth sport coaches can influence athletes’ fairplay behaviors. In step 2, a pool of 191 items worded and content validity was assessed. In the final step, 252 teenage male athletes (age range 14-19; mean age =15.88±1.34 years) who were participating in a variety of team sports (i.e., volleyball, basketball, soccer, futsal) completed a revised 164-item questionnaire. Principal components analyses further reduced the number of items to 30 and suggested a four-factor structure (i.e., modeling, instruction, pressure, and dialogue dimensions). The results revealed that the final 30-item version of the Coaching Fairplay Behaviors Inventory possesses a good psychometric basis with adequate internal consistency and which explain 57.80% of the total variance. Collectively, this study provides a new valid and reliable instrument for assessing the specific mechanisms by which coaches promote fairplay behaviors among teenagers, although more investigations are needed to validate this tool.
