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Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the motives of sport commitment model of continuous participation in the martial art of taekwondo.Method: This study used survey & cross-sectional method. The data is gathered from 135 participants at taekwondo sport city of Yazd.The collection instrument of data was sporting commitment measure revised. Results: Results from the empirical test of the model conducted with taekwondo athletes participating in a sport program showed that the questionnaire items formed reliable scales upper than 0.75. Pearson correlation test demonstrated that predictor variables sport enjoyment, personal investments, social consteriants and involvement opportunities were related to sport commitment of taekwondo as hypothesized. The stepwise regression analysis findings revealed that sport enjoyment in the first place and personal investments in the second place were the dominant predictors of commitment for this sample. Together, these two model components accounted for 56/8 of the sport commitment variance. Conclusion: The results obtained the recognition of sport's commitment scale performance incentives associated with participation in regular exercise has been shown taekwondo.

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The purpose of this study was the comparative study of barriers of sport participation among athletes and non-athletes’ female teachers in Hamadan, using Crawford hierarchical barriers. This was a cross-sectional study design including all female teachers in Hamadan (N =923). The sample was determined using Morgan’s Table (n=230) people were selected using stratified sampling (108 athletes and 122 non-athletes) .Data collection measure was a 40 – item questionnaire with five response options (Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability= 0.86). The barriers to sport participation were measured in the three following areas: constraints model (intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural) and six subscales:  1) socio-cultural, 2) financial economics,3) human resources specialist, 4) attitudes of family, 5) equipment and facilities, and 6) advertising and the media were investigated. Dependent variable was the lack of participation in sport activities. Each of the six factors was considered as independent variables. SPSS software was used to run the analysis. To analyze the data one –sample T-test andFriedman test were used.  Results indicated that lack of athletic participation of female teachers was related to economic, social and cultural factors as well as to the attitude of the family. Barriers of sport participation in three domains among athletes and non athletes female teachers were same and respectively 1-structural 2-inter personal 3-intra personal. It seems that it is not possible to extend the Crawford pyramid model to all those people and different conditions in which they live. This prioritization will be different due to the social, economic and cultural societies. Consider to the results of this study, we indicated that in Iran the structural and infrastructural barriers in sport community is necessary and removing the structural barriers in the promotion of sport culture and public health can be a useful step in participation in leisure and recreational activities. 

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Today, Organizational culture has an important role in implementation of
Knowledge management. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to predict of
knowledge management through organizational culture in sports organizations.
The Statistical popularly was all managers of National Olympic committee, National
Paralympics committee, National Olympic Academy, and Sport Federations
(N=225). Base on Morgan table, 421 people were selected to this research with
random stratified sampling method.
Probst & et al. (2000) knowledge management questionnaire and Edwin (2006)
organizational culture questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis was
performed by the linear and multiple regression.The results of present study
showed there was significant relationship between knowledge management and
organizational culture (p<0.05). Organizational culture had predicted the
knowledge management. Also, organizational flexibility, organizational compatibility
and organizational participation had the most significant prediction with Knowledge
management. With regard to these results, notice to organizational culture in work
place by sport managers can as an effective factor for enhancement of knowledge
managment.

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Background and purpose: This study was conducted to determine Relationship between participation motivation and Social – Economic Status of youth in Tehran. Method: This study was cross-sectional and done by questionnaire. The analyses were based on data that collected from sports clubs in four Tehran regions (North, South, East and West), (n= 130) young people (65 male, 65 female) were selected randomly and completed the participation motivation questionnaire (PMQ) and socioeconomic status questionnaire. Result: results of Pearson’s correlation showed that there was a significant positive relationship between motivational component subscales of participation motivation in sport and socioeconomic status in young people (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The present study determined there was a significant relationship between income statues, economic-class, parents’ education level and sport participation motivation.  The finding revealed that the families with high-and middle- economic class and income have a greater incentive to engage in physical activity. The education level of parents, especially fathers play an important role in encouraging their children to participate in physical activities.