TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Three Types of Training Environments (Competitive, NonCompetitive and Combined) on Acquisition and Retention of Open and Closed Skills TT - تأثیر سه نوع محیط تمرینی (رقابتی، غیررقابتی و ترکیبی) بر اکتساب و یادداری مهارت های باز و بسته JF - JRSM JO - JRSM VL - 2 IS - 4 UR - http://jrsm.khu.ac.ir/article-1-1599-en.html Y1 - 2012 SP - 41 EP - 56 KW - acquisition KW - retention KW - Training environment KW - Open and closed skills N2 - The aim of this research was to determine the effect of different training environments, type of skills and interactions on open and closed skills. The statistical  population was all students living in dormitories of Tehran University in the 88-89  academic year. The sample was 60 people selected based on convenience sampling methods among students who had no experience in badminton skills (Long Service and clear). Based on pre-test subjects were matched in six groups of ten persons (noncompetitive, competitive, and combined). All of six groups performed a practice in defined medium for 10 sessions and each session were performed 40 times. The long-service tests were used to measure open badminton skill and clear test was performed to measure closed skill. Test scores of subjects were computed based on the mean of ten hits score. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the mean and standard deviations and to test research hypothesis, a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and independent t-test were utilized. The result of ANOVA showed that exercise in each of the training environment increased acquisition and retention of each skill, but the levels are different (p M3 ER -