دوره 10، شماره 4 - ( 10-1402 )
جلد 10 شماره 4 صفحات 208-183 |
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koohestani S, Sayyafzadeh B, sarvghad moghadam A, sharifi M. A qualitative investigation of the effect of natural hazards on industrial plants (with emphasis on oil and gas industries) and Iran's position in this field. Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards 2023; 10 (4) :183-208
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3362-fa.html
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3362-fa.html
کوهستانی سعیده، سیاف زاده بیژن، سروقد مقدم عبدالرضا، شریفی مهدی. بررسی کیفی وضعیت اثر مخاطرات طبیعی بر روی کارخانههای صنعتی (با تاکید بر صنایع نفت و گاز) و جایگاه ایران در این حوزه. تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی. 1402; 10 (4) :183-208
1- مهندسی عمران، دانشکده مهندسی، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران
2- پژوهشگاه بین المللی زلزله شناسی و مهندسی زلزله، تهران.
3- استادیار گروه عمران، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران ،m.sharifi@qom.ac.ir
2- پژوهشگاه بین المللی زلزله شناسی و مهندسی زلزله، تهران.
3- استادیار گروه عمران، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران ،
چکیده: (2064 مشاهده)
با افزایش تعداد کارخانههای فرآیندی به دلیل نیاز جوامع بشری به محصولات این کارخانهها، دسته جدیدی از حوادث ناشی از انواع خرابی‌های رویداده در آنها و تاثیر مخرب این رویدادها بر روی جوامع و محیط زیست و اقتصاد مشاهده شده است. افزایش حوادث ناشی از تاثیر مخاطرات طبیعی بر روی صنایع و تحمیل هزینه بسیار به جوامع و دولتها، و آسیبپذیری بالای صنایع مذکور و نواحی شهری به این دسته از رویدادها، نیاز به توجه به این دسته از رویدادها را بیشتر نمود. با اینحال همچنان در بسیاری از مناطق دنیا به این موضوع آنچنان که باید پرداخته نشده است و همچنان با این دیدگاه که احتمال وقوع این قبیل حوادث بسیار ناچیز میباشد از پرداختن به آن و همچنین تعریف و پذیرش مسئولیت در برابر آن شانه خالی میشود و این درحالیست که فراوانی و توسعه روزافزون این رویدادها نشان داده شده است. در این مقاله با اتکا به آمارهای موجود به ارزیابی و مقایسه تبعات مخاطرات طبیعی منجر به رویداهای طبیعانه پرداخته میشود. منظور از رویدادهای طبیعانه، حوادث فناورانه ناشی از مخاطرات طبیعی میباشد که به عنوان رویدادهایی با پیامد بالا و احتمال پایین در نظر گرفته می‌شوند و می‌توانند یک ناحیه وسیع را تحت تاثیر قرار دهند و منجر به حوادث بزرگ و زنجیره وار شوند. بعد از معرفی و دسته بندی رویدادهای طبیعانه، مقایسهای از توزیع و تبعات این رویدادها در ایران و جهان بر اساس مقالات و تحقیقات موجود صورت پذیرفته است. این تحقیقات نشان می‌دهد که بر خلاف مخاطرات طبیعی به رویدادهای طبیعانه در کشور توجه لازم نشده است. این در حالیست که هم تنوع کارخانهها و سازه‌های صنعتی در ایران بسیار زیاد است که شرایط موجود و نیز روال تعمیر و نگهداری آنها مناسب نیست و هم بررسی آمار جمع آوری شده در این تحقیق نشانگر پتانسیل بالای وقوع حوادث فناورانه در کشور میباشد. در نهایت برای گام اول در راستای افزایش سطح آمادگی برای رویدادهای طبیعانه مرور تجارب موثر جهانی توصیه میشود. شناسایی و دسته بندی این صنایع، تدوین اطلاعاتی که در گزارشات ایمنی آنها باید وجود داشته باشد و نیز بررسی سناریوها و لحاظ کردن اثر دومینویی پیشنهاد شده و توصیه‌هایی در این راستا مدون شده است.
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