Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards 2023, 10(2): 203-218 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
hosseini giv B Z, kiani S, eftekhari S M, saghafi M, esmaeili S. Morphotectonic evidence investigation of growth young fold Giv and its relationship with the region earthquakes in North eastern of Lut block. Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards 2023; 10 (2) :203-218
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3428-en.html
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3428-en.html
1- PhD student of Geomorphology, Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
2- Assistant Professor in Geomorphology, Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. ,kiani@hu.ac.ir
3- Assistant Professor in Geomorphology, Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
4- Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Payam Noor Birjand University, Birjand, Iran.
5- Earthquake Researcher, Geological Organization of Tabriz Center, Tabriz; Iran
2- Assistant Professor in Geomorphology, Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. ,
3- Assistant Professor in Geomorphology, Department of Natural Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
4- Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Payam Noor Birjand University, Birjand, Iran.
5- Earthquake Researcher, Geological Organization of Tabriz Center, Tabriz; Iran
Abstract: (1822 Views)
Introduction
Today, in addition to exploiting environmental resources, humans must be able to recognize environmental hazards and try to reduce their damages. The location of Iran in the Alpine-Himalaya mountain belt has made Iran one of the high-risk seismic areas, and the east of Iran is no exception to this rule. The fault activities of eastern Iran, especially east and west of Lut, are a serious threat to the residents of eastern Iran. The activity of old and young faults and the emergence of new faults have provided the basis for the occurrence of destructive earthquakes in these areas. And it still continues and has been able to provide problems for the population living in the east of Iran.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the Giv fault system in the occurrence of morphotectonic evidence and active tectonic analysis in the studied area, which has achieved favorable results according to the model used and the studied sources. The model used in this research, which is derived from similar examples in foreign sources, mostly deals with the destructive aspect of tectonics and has achieved the desired goals. Based on this, it should be seen if the morphotectonic evidence of the Giv fault system can be a sign of more activity and more threat in this part of the range (southern domain of Baghran mountains) or not? After studying various sources, the sources that answer the research questions were selected and further analyzed, and the conceptual model derived from these sources, which has a qualitative-analytical aspect, was used. Therefore, according to the main objectives of this research, which follows the destructive and instantaneous tectonic aspect, sources were selected that provided the most information to answer the research question, the sum of the information expressing the active tectonics in the studied area.
Research Methodology
The Giv fault system is a part of the Nehbandan-Kash fault in the east of the Lut block, and in the Giv plain, north-east of the Lut, with an almost west-east direction, it passes through the south of the Giv village and continues to Deh Mir and Karijgan in the west of the Giv plain. Giv village is located in Khosf County in South Khorasan province and in the center of Giv plain, south of Baghran Birjand Mountains and north of Shah Mountain.
The current research is of applied and developmental research type, and according to the history of seismicity of the region and historical data, it can be a step in the direction of knowing the seismic risk areas and also reminds the local residents to be more prepared. The conceptual model used in this research, which is derived from similar foreign examples, examines mostly the destructive aspect of tectonics.
In this research, the library work started by collecting and receiving a series of domestic and foreign sources, followed by the translation of foreign sources over a long period of time. Also, statistics and information were received from Geological Organization and Geophysics Institute, Birjand University, Birjand Seismological Center. Field studies, interviews, surveys and field measurements, using geological and topographic maps and satellite images, and using Google Earth and Arc GIS software, analysis and synthesis of information were carried out. Most of the data were used as qualitative data and to some extent quantitative data in the analysis.
Result and Discuction
The morphotectonic evidence in the studied area indicates a high risk of seismicity in the Giv fault pack, which is more dangerous than other parts of the Giv fault system.All the evidences such as uplift and cliffs in the south of Giv, significant change of the bridge river near the mouth and bed digging in this section show the uplift and activity of the South Giv fault and the travertine formation associated with the earthquake in the south of Giv, as well as the evidence of the growth of the Young Giv fold in 5 km. North of Giv village, such as the deviation of Pol and Minakhan rivers and excavation of the Minakhan river bed (Antecedence phenomenon), the presence of three generations of alluvial fans in the vicinity of the Young Giv fold, all indicate active tectonics and the rise of the Giv fold and the occurrence of destructive earthquakes. All the above-mentioned evidences are a serious alarm for the residents of Giv fault, especially Giv village, and require more study work, strengthening of villages, and proper planning for construction works so that the past tragic events of Giv village do not repeat in the future and this issue is taken into consideration in the discussion of land development.
Today, in addition to exploiting environmental resources, humans must be able to recognize environmental hazards and try to reduce their damages. The location of Iran in the Alpine-Himalaya mountain belt has made Iran one of the high-risk seismic areas, and the east of Iran is no exception to this rule. The fault activities of eastern Iran, especially east and west of Lut, are a serious threat to the residents of eastern Iran. The activity of old and young faults and the emergence of new faults have provided the basis for the occurrence of destructive earthquakes in these areas. And it still continues and has been able to provide problems for the population living in the east of Iran.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the Giv fault system in the occurrence of morphotectonic evidence and active tectonic analysis in the studied area, which has achieved favorable results according to the model used and the studied sources. The model used in this research, which is derived from similar examples in foreign sources, mostly deals with the destructive aspect of tectonics and has achieved the desired goals. Based on this, it should be seen if the morphotectonic evidence of the Giv fault system can be a sign of more activity and more threat in this part of the range (southern domain of Baghran mountains) or not? After studying various sources, the sources that answer the research questions were selected and further analyzed, and the conceptual model derived from these sources, which has a qualitative-analytical aspect, was used. Therefore, according to the main objectives of this research, which follows the destructive and instantaneous tectonic aspect, sources were selected that provided the most information to answer the research question, the sum of the information expressing the active tectonics in the studied area.
Research Methodology
The Giv fault system is a part of the Nehbandan-Kash fault in the east of the Lut block, and in the Giv plain, north-east of the Lut, with an almost west-east direction, it passes through the south of the Giv village and continues to Deh Mir and Karijgan in the west of the Giv plain. Giv village is located in Khosf County in South Khorasan province and in the center of Giv plain, south of Baghran Birjand Mountains and north of Shah Mountain.
The current research is of applied and developmental research type, and according to the history of seismicity of the region and historical data, it can be a step in the direction of knowing the seismic risk areas and also reminds the local residents to be more prepared. The conceptual model used in this research, which is derived from similar foreign examples, examines mostly the destructive aspect of tectonics.
In this research, the library work started by collecting and receiving a series of domestic and foreign sources, followed by the translation of foreign sources over a long period of time. Also, statistics and information were received from Geological Organization and Geophysics Institute, Birjand University, Birjand Seismological Center. Field studies, interviews, surveys and field measurements, using geological and topographic maps and satellite images, and using Google Earth and Arc GIS software, analysis and synthesis of information were carried out. Most of the data were used as qualitative data and to some extent quantitative data in the analysis.
Result and Discuction
The morphotectonic evidence in the studied area indicates a high risk of seismicity in the Giv fault pack, which is more dangerous than other parts of the Giv fault system.All the evidences such as uplift and cliffs in the south of Giv, significant change of the bridge river near the mouth and bed digging in this section show the uplift and activity of the South Giv fault and the travertine formation associated with the earthquake in the south of Giv, as well as the evidence of the growth of the Young Giv fold in 5 km. North of Giv village, such as the deviation of Pol and Minakhan rivers and excavation of the Minakhan river bed (Antecedence phenomenon), the presence of three generations of alluvial fans in the vicinity of the Young Giv fold, all indicate active tectonics and the rise of the Giv fold and the occurrence of destructive earthquakes. All the above-mentioned evidences are a serious alarm for the residents of Giv fault, especially Giv village, and require more study work, strengthening of villages, and proper planning for construction works so that the past tragic events of Giv village do not repeat in the future and this issue is taken into consideration in the discussion of land development.
Received: 2024/02/2 | Accepted: 2023/09/1 | Published: 2023/09/1
References
1. احراری رودی، محیالدین. 1400. بررسی تاثیر تکتونیک فعال بر تغییرات ژئومورفولوژیکی سواحل ایرانی مکران (مطالعه موردی: چابهار). پژوهشهای ژئومورفولوژی کمّی، سال نهم، 4: 230-250.
2. ارفعنیا، رامین. 1393. جنبششناختی ساختارهای گسلی در منطقه اقلید، حاشیه زاگرس بلند. نشریه علوم زمین (زمین ساخت)، سال بیست و چهارم، 94: 103-114.
3. اصغری، حسن؛ فرشاد رنجبری.1396. ارزیابی تکتونیک فعال حوضههای آبخیز رودخانه جگین. هفتمین کنفرانس بینالمللی توسعه پایدار و عمران شهری.
4. بهرامی، شهرام؛ محمدعلی زنگنه اسدی، یوسف غلامی. 1392. تحلیل تکتونیک فعال طاقدیس گلیان با استفاده از شاخصهای مورفوتکتونیکی. جغرافیا و توسعه، 33: 159-172.
5. پورخسروانی، محسن؛ محمدحسین رامشت و سید علی المدرسی. 1391. دوالیتی در ژئومورفولوژی. پژوهشهای جغرافیایی طبیعی، سال 44، 3: 63-72.
6. تقی پور، کریم،؛ محمدرضا عباسی. 1384. تراویتونیک: کاربرد نهشته های تراورتن در تکتونیک فعال، سمپوزیوم علوم زمین.
7. حافظ نیا، محمدرضا؛1389 . مقدمه ای بر روش تحقیق در علوم انسانی.انتشارات سمت.
8. خسروی، قاسم؛ محمد حسین رامشت، محمدرضا ثروتی و اریک فورس. 1391. تکتونیک جنبا، انسان، مدنیّت. پژوهشهای جغرافیای طبیعی، سال 44، 3: 17-38.
9. رضایی مقدم، محمدحسین؛ معصومه رجبی و زهرا زمانی. 1399. ارزیابی تکتونیک فعال در حوضهی آبریز تلوار. فصلنامه علمی فضای جغرافیایی، سال بیستم، 71: 103-120.
10. زمانی بابگوهری، معصومه؛ محمد مهدی خطیب، غلامرضا میراب شبستری و محسن علیآبادی. 1393. ارزیابی دورههای فعالیت پارههای گسل گیو با استفاده از تراورتنهای همزاد با زمینلرزه. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی زمینشناسی محیطزیست، سال هشتم، 27: 91-103.
11. زمردیان، محمد جعفر. 1391. ژئومورفولوژی ایران: فرآیندهای ساختمانی و دینامیکهای درونی. جلد اول، چاپ ششم، انتشارات دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.
12. سرهنگی، مهرداد؛ علی سلگی، مرتضی طالبیان و زهرا ملکی. 1400. تحلیل مورفومتری و مخاطرات تکتونیکی گسل زندان در منطقه جاسک به منظور توسعه پایدار. مدیریت مخاطرات محیطی ( دانش مخاطرات سابق)، دوره 8، 4: 337-354.
13. سیف، عبدالله؛ قاسم خسروی. 1389. بررسی تکتونیک فعال در قلمرو تراست زاگرس منطقه فارسان. پژوهشهای جغرافیای طبیعی، 74: 125-146.
14. علیجانی، بهلول؛ 1398.روش شناسی کمی در جغرافیا. انتشارات سمت.
15. علیجانی، بهلول؛1392. پژوهش های میدانی در جغرافیا (روش تحقیق عملی). ناشر دانشگاه پیام نور.1392
16. علیمی، محمد امیر؛ محمد مهدی خطیب، خالد حسامی آذر و محمودرضا هیهات. 1393. ارزیابی لرزه زمینساختی راندگیها و پهنههای گسلی پنهان در گستره مختاران-خاور ایران. مجله زمینشناسی کاربردی پیشرفته، 12: 41-52.
17. کیانی، طیبه، یوسفی، زهرا، 1396 ، نقش گسل فعال در سطح تراز آب زیرزمینی حوضه آبریز شهرچای
18. کیانی، سارا، کرم، امیر، حسینایی، نسرین، 1402، پهنه بندی فعالیت های نسبی مورفوتکتونیکی حوضه آبریز کن سولقان
19. کیانی، طیبه، ندیم، هیراد، غفورپور، پرستو، 1399 ، بررسی ویژگی های زمین ساخت فعال در گستره رودبار با نگررش ویژه بر زمین لغزش های منطقه
20. گورابی، ابوالقاسم؛ احمد نوحهگر. 1386. شواهد ژئومورفولوژیکی تکتونیک فعال حوضه آبخیز درکه. پژوهشهای جغرافیایی، 60: 177-196.
21. مقصودی، مهران؛ سید محمد زمانزاده، مجتبی یمانی و عبدالحسین حاجی زاده. 1396. بررسی تکتونیک فعال حوضه آبریز مارون با استفاده از شاخصهای ژئومورفیک. پژوهشهای ژئومورفولوژی کمّی، سال ششم، 3: 37-59.
22. مر، فرید؛ سروش مدبری. 1386. زمینساخت صفحهای و فرآیندهای زمینشناختی. چاپ دوم، انتشارات کوشامهر، شیراز.
23. یوسفی، مهدی؛ محمدمهدی خطیب، ابراهیم غلامی. 1397. چین خوردگی واحدهای نئوژن؛ شاهدی بر تکتونیک فعال در شمال غرب بیرجند. یافتههای نوین زمینشناسی کاربردی، دوره 12، 24: 89-101.
24. Sella, G.F., Dixon, T.H. and Mao, A. 2002. REVEL: A model for recent plate velocities from space geodesy. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 107(B4): ETG-11. [DOI:10.1029/2000JB000033.]
25. Molnar, P., and Qidong, D. 1984. Faulting associated with large earthquakes and the average rate of deformation in central and eastern Asia, J. Geophys. Res., 89(B7): 6203–6227, doi: 10.1029/JB089iB07p06203.
26. Walker, R. and Jackson, J. 2002. Offset and evolution of the Gowk fault, SE Iran: a major intra-continental strike-slip system. Journal of structural Geology, 24(11): 1677-1698. [DOI:10.1016/S0191-8141(01)00170-5.]
27. Walker, R., Jackson, J. and Baker, C., 2004. Active faulting and seismicity of the Dasht-e-Bayaz region, eastern Iran. Geophysical Journal International, 157(1), pp.265-282. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.02179.x.]
28. Taloor, A.K., Dumka, R., Kothyari, G.C., Srivastava, P. and Khare, N., 2023. Active tectonics and surface processes using geospatial technology. Journal of Applied Geophysics, p.105140. [DOI:10.1016/j.jappgeo.2023.105140.]
29. Selim, H.H., Tüysüz, O., Karakaş, A. and TAS, K.Ö., 2013. Morphotectonic evidence from the southern branch of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) and basins of the south Marmara sub-region, NW Turkey. Quaternary international, 292, pp.176-192. [DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2012.11.022.]
30. Rizza, M., Vernant, P., Ritz, J.F., Peyret, M., Nankali, H., Nazari, H., Djamour, Y., Salamati, R., Tavakoli, F., Chery, J. and Mahan, S.A., 2013. Morphotectonic and geodetic evidence for a constant slip-rate over the last 45 kyr along the Tabriz fault (Iran). Geophysical Journal International, 193(3), pp.1083-1094. [DOI:10.1093/gji/ggt041.]
31. Zuffetti, C. and Bersezio, R., 2020. Morphostructural evidence of late quaternary tectonics at the Po Plain-Northern Apennines border (Lombardy, Italy). Geomorphology, 364, p.107245. [DOI:10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107245.]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
