Showing 92 results for Type of Study: S
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2010)
Abstract
Effect of salinity was studied on the growth, survival and blood biochemical variables of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (weighing 50.29 ± 4.61 g at water temperature 15±2 ˚C. Fourthy fish in three replicate were gradually acclimatized to salinities zero (control), 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppt for 10 days. The experiment was then run for 50 days using a commercial trout feed. The obtained results showed that with increasing in the salinity the growth factors of rainbow trout including (weight gain, daily growth rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency) decreased (P<0.05). At salinity above 20 ppt significant mortality occurred compared to control group (P<0.05). Also with increasing in salinity, the blood biochemistry including osmolality, chlorine, sugar, cortisol, tri-iodo thyronin(T3), and thyroxine [Tetra – iodo – thyronin (T4)] increased (P<0.05). Based on the results obtained it possible to grow the rainbow trout juvenile of about 50 g at the salinity up to 20 ppt, although the growth rate of the fish is less than that in the fresh water.
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2010)
Abstract
One of the fundamental steps in management of drought involves identification and frequency analysis of its properties, e.g. duration and severity of drought. Regarding the high correlation among these factors, one must use a method that shows the relation and effects of these factors on drought analysis. Copula functions can be used to represent the dependency structure of several variables through a model. In this paper, we introduce the appropriate copula families for modeling drought phenomenon modeling. Then, their parameters would be estimated by maximum likelihood and Empirical Bayes methods and the most appropriate copula function for determining bivariate distribution of duration and severity of drought in Tehran stations is determined. Next, this copula function is used to model the drought phenomenon of Tehran for the period of 37 years from 1348 until 1384, Finaly the application of this model is represented in water supply management.
S Bodaghi, A Shahrezaee,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2010)
Abstract
In this article, we compare two procedures for solving a parabolic inverse heat problem subject to the over specified boundary condition .The first procedure is obtained by introducing transformation of unknown function and solving transformed problem by finite difference method. And the second method based on trace-type functional (TTF) formulation is examined on the solving of considered problem. Some numerical examples are presented
A Kheradmandi, M Mohamadzadeh, N Sanjari Farsipur,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2010)
Abstract
The skew t-normal distribution has skewness and kurtosis coefficients with larger range than the skew-normal distribution can be used for modeling some asymmetric data in a number of applications. In this paper, a new generalization of the skew t-normal distribution and some of its properties are considered. Also, three theorems for constructing a new generalized skew t-normal distribution are represented. Next, the skew-normal, skew t-normal and new generalized skew t-normal distributions are applied to fit a suitable probability distribution to the Nickel pollution data of Shadegan wetland in south-west of Iran. Finally, suggestions and conclusion are given.
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2010)
Abstract
مسائل لایۀ کرانه‌ای، مدل ریاضی پدیده‌های طبیعی و مسائل فیزیک و مهندسی هستند که در نقطه یا نقاطی که لایۀ کرانه‌ای تشکیل می‌شود باید جواب‌های مسئله را با تکنیک‌های خاصی بررسی کرد تا جواب مسئله به‌صورت یک‌نواخت و یک‌پارچه درآید. برای این مسئله ابتدا شرایط کافی برای وجود و عدم وجود تشکیل لایۀ کرانه ارائه می‌شود، سپس برای حالتی که در هر دو نقطه لایۀ کرانه‌ای اتفاق می‌افتد، جواب تقریبی مسئله را با استفاده از روش بسط‌های مجانبی سازگار شده در پنج مرحله به‌صورت یک‌پارچه به دست می‌آوریم.
Volume 10, Issue 1 (3-2010)
Abstract
In this paper, estimation of survey precision for nonlinear estimators is considered and an equation is presented based on sampling and nonsampling variances. Furthermore, by considering the response error model in surveys and the estimators of variance components, some relations are presented to computation of survey precision for nonlinear estimators. As an application case for the results, two typical data sets are considered and survey precisions of a nonlinear estimator are computed in the both data sets.
N Abrari,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2010)
Abstract
The study of planktonic foraminifera of the Gurpi Formation in southwest of Firozabad(Aghar anticline) area led to recognition of eight biozones that include: Dicarinella asymetrica Zone (Santonian to Earliest Campanian), Globotruncanita elevata Zone (Early Campanian), Globotruncana ventricosa Zone (Mid to Late Campanian), Radotruncana calcarata Zone (Late Campanian), Globotruncanella havanensis Zone (Late campanian), Globotruncana aegyptiaca Zone (Late to Latest Campanian), Gansserina gansseri Zone (Latest Campanian to Early Maastrichtian), Contusotruncana contusa and Racemiguemblina fructicosa Zone (Early to Late Maastrichtian). In study area, the Gurpi Formation overlies the Ilam Formation with erosional disconformity and is overlain by the Pabdeh Formation with erosional disconformity. Based on distribution of morphotype groups of planktonic foraminifera, planktonic foraminifera per bentic foraminifera ratio(P/B) and content of carbonate, seven third-order sequences are recognized. Sequence boundries of Gurpi Formation with Ilam Formation at the base and with Pabdeh Formation at the top, are SB1, but other sequence boundries are SB2.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2010)
Abstract
Due to high erosional sensitivity of marls, thousands of tons of fine grains sediments and clayare send to reservoirs of dams and artificial feeding stations annually. This process increases the expenses of filteration of drinkable water and forwards settlement of artificial feeding water strongly, Therefore, the study of different dimensions of marls is important for specialists and researchers. In this project, attempts were made to recognize effective variables of erosional features and some models were produced for classification and their erosional tye. Accordingly, 49 samples of marly soils belonging to 41 erosional points were taken and were send to laboratory for determinig of amount of physico-chemical variables. Also, characteristics of sampling place such as slope, Geographical situation, privilege of 7 parameter for soil surface factor and so on were noted. The test of artificial rain was done by kampHorst΄s rainfall simulator apparatus in the 41 mentioned points and 41 samples were taken and the amount of runoff and sediment of them were measured by simple method in the laboratory. Furthermore, the 7 samples of marls were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer and the 8 thin setions of marls and their accompaniment rocks were provided and studied by polarizing microscope. Then, the abnormal data were normalized by logarithm and afterwards the all data were evaluated by variance and discriminant analysis. Evaluation of relationship between measured variables and erosion features showed that pH is only variable whose amount makes a significant difference and is effective for recognition of erosion features and sensibility of fisher΄s linear discruminant functions for prediction of erosion features together with all chemical, all physical and all physico- chemical variables are orderly equal with 75.6%, 82.9% and 78%. This shows that the physical variables are more usefull than chemical and physico-chemical variables for prediction of erosiolal features. The finally,in this research, several fisher΄s linear functions were produced for prediction of erosional type of Hamedan marls through these analysis .
, ,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2010)
Abstract
Abstra
Every year a large number of boreholes are drilled in various areas of Isfahan city and numerous tests are undertaken to determine the characteristics of engineering geology of Quaternary deposits. However due to a lack of organized plan the results of these geological tests are not unfortunately used in next projects.
Nowadays, geotechnical data banks in different countries have already led to a computerized and organized plan. This project aimed to make a database in the third traffic zone in Isfahan Through the retrieved finding in various drilled boreholes of civil engineering projects. The database includes 300 boreholes features, 11093 records and 38 fields.
The access, which has capability of special search, has been utilized, then data were analyzed by Surfer and a variety of specified map were drawn. . Statistical method to analyze the data was inverse distance to power.
Based on such maps, the geological characteristics of Quaternary deposits were examined the soil of studied area is most inactive. The depth of bed rock south to north increased. Therefore, regarding to borehole data it is possible to recognize the fault in some part of Isfahan city
To earn quantities and qualities results upon geological characteristics of alluvial deposits, the development of database is recommended.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2010)
Abstract
Bahman Soleimani,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2010)
Abstract
The Shadgan petroleum oil field located in Dezful Embayment is a symmetrical anticline with 23.5Km length and 6.5Km width in the Asmari top horizon. The field trend is similar the regional Zagros trend. Asmari reservoir consisted of two separated reservoirs. The aim of the present study is to construct stratigraphy and faults models, reservoir quality evaluation, fault impacts and oil volume determination using RMS software. To construct the structural model, faults and reservoir zones data will be applied to design reservoir geometry. Stratigraphic and fault models revealed that the faults passed through the reservoirs but have not affected on their relations. This fact is verified by different petroleum API in two reservoirs and their independent pressure variations as well during production period. With correlation of faults, porosity distribution and reservoir volume models, it was revealed the fault effects in the reservoir properties quality.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2010)
Abstract
The design of appropriate, cost-effective remedial measures requires a clear understanding of the processes that are causing the landslide. This understanding require a detailed site investigation, a reconnaissance of the landslide as soon as possible after it's occurrence can allow important observations of the processes involved. A key step in analyses of soil slope stability is measuring or estimating the strengths of soils. Slope failures provide a valuable opportunity to estimate the strengths of materials involved in the failure.Stability analyses are performed to back-calculate strengths that could have produced a failure . Back analysis of strengths has advantages over laboratory testing in that the scale is much larger and the materials are in their in situ state.Using site investigations and an appropriate method of analysis it is possible to develope a model of the slope at the time that is failed.In this paper Farahzad landslide have been studied by site investigations and then have been evaluate shear strength parameter from back analysis of failed slope.
, S Karimi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2010)
Abstract
Abstra
The metapelites of North of Golpayegan show that these rocks can be divided into four categories based on mineral assemblages: chloritoid- garnet- biotite- schist, garnet- biotite- muscovite- schist, staurolite bearing garnet- biotite- muscovite schist and Kyanite bearing staurolite- biotite- muscovite- schist.
The appearance of chloritoid in chloritoid- garnet- biotite schists shows green schist facies. Garnets in garnet- biotite- muscovite schists shows 3 stage of growth and syn-tectonic formation.
The appearance of staurolite in staurolite bearing garnet- biotite- muscovite schists signifies the beginning of amphibolite facies. The absence of zoning in the staurolite contained in these schists suggests the formation and growth of this mineral in a prograde metamorphism.
The thermodynamic study of these rocks shows that North of Golpayegan's metapelites were formed within a temperature range of 480 – 560oC and a pressure range of 1.6 – 4.1 kbar. These results are consistent with the minerals' paragenetic evidence and show that effect of metamorphism on North of Golpayegan's pelitic sediments is to lower amphibolite facies (Epidote amphibolite).
, ,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2010)
Abstract
توده های گرانیتی منطقه زریگان و چاه چوله در شمال بافق، جنوب شرقی نقشه 1:250000 اردکان واقع شده (شکل 1)، جزیی از خرده قاره ایران مرکزی محسوب می شوند. ترکیب سنگ شناسی این توده ها، از آلکالی فلدسپار گرانیت تا سینو- مونزو گرانیت نوسان دارد. آنها از نوع گرانیت های لوکوکرات و ساب ولکانیک، با کانی شناسی عمدتاً کوارتز- فلدسپاتی، و فقیر از کانیهای مافیک هستند. انواع بافتهای ماگمایی، دگرشکلی، متاسوماتیک و دگرسانی، گرانوفیری، گرافیک، میلونیتی و کاتاکلاستی، میرمکیت، پرتیتی و جانشینی در آنها دیده می شود. از نظر ژئوشیمیایی، توده های مورد بحث، ویژگیهایی از سریهای کالکوآلکالن تا آلکالن، پرآلومینI-type و محیط تکتونیکی کمان ماگمایی را نشان می دهند. در نمودارهای تغییرات عناصر نیز، بستگی به تمایلات ذاتی، پویایی و مراتب سازگاری و ناسازگاری عناصر، رفتارهای متفاوتی دیده می شود که گویای تاثیر فرآیند تفریق و تبلور و متاسوماتیسم، هر دو، بر توده های مذکور است. شواهد صحرایی، سنگ شناختی و ژئوشیمیایی، در توده های گرانیتی زریگان و چاه چوله حاکی از آن است، که لااقل بخشی از این توده ها، بویژه گرانیت زریگان، از طریق متاسوماتیسم و فرآیندهای تفریق گرمابی از سنگهای مافیک قبلی (توده های دیوریتی و گابرویی) تشکیل شده است و حتی پس از آن نیز به نحوی گسترده تحت تاثیر این فرآیندها واقع شده اند. مقایسه این توده ها، با معیارهایی که برای تمایز گرانیت های ماگمایی و متاسوماتیک ارائه شده، نشان داده که این توده ها، ضمن شباهت هایی با برخی از توده های شاخص ماگمایی، بیشترین شباهت را به گرانیت نوع متاسوماتیک یا
E- type دارند.
Volume 10, Issue 2 (2-2010)
Abstract
The Muteh gold deposit located in the center of Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SSZ) in western Iran. Gold mineralization is related to series of quartz and quartz-sulfide veins, lenses and veinlets, cutting the Neoprotrozoic crystalline basement rocks, along a NW-SE trending shear zone. Gold mineralization is closely associated with hydrothermal alteration along the ductile shear zones, with a typical greenschist facies assemblage of quartz+sericite+chlorite+albite, plus sulfidation and silicification alteration zones adjacent to ore body. Ore minerals include pyrite, chalcopyrite, emplectite (Cu-Bi sulfide), arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, bismuth, gold and subordinate galena and sphalerite. Native gold occurs in the quartz veins and adjacent to wall rocks as inclusions in the second generation of pyrite and chalcopyrite in form of fracture fillings within rim or around euhedral to subhedral coarse pyrite. Fluid inclusions in quartz veins contain carbonic, aqueous-carbonic and aqueous types in the Chah-Khatoon and Senjedeh gold mines. Homogenization temperature of CO2 (ThCO2) in carbonic inclusion is between 12.6 to 27.3 ̊C. Aqueous-carbonic fluid inclusions show salinities of 2.3 to 12.5 NaCl eq. wt% and total homogenization of 145.6 to 304.2 ̊C. The aqueous fluid inclusions, based on association with auriferous and barren veins categorized as 1) salinity of 2.1 to 15.2 NaCl eq. wt% and total homogenization of 212.2 to 297.6◦C in auriferous quartz-sulfide veins, and 2) salinity of 16.2 to 28.2 NaCl eq. wt% and total homogenization of 147.4.2 to 245.6◦C in barren quartz veins. While most of aforementioned characteristics of the Muteh deposit are consistent with orogenic (mesothermal) gold deposit, but features such as genetic linkage with tectonic evolution of lithospheric mantle through upper crust with the tectono-magmatic history of SSZ accompanied with extensional structure setting, ore geology style, alteration assemblages, mineral chemistry, vertical elemental zonation and fluid inclusions characteristics presented in this research, it may inferred that gold mineralization in the Muteh deposit can be favored as an reduced intrusion related gold system (IRGS).
M Ashrafzadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (2-2010)
Abstract
In the present study, 55, specimens of Zagros Mountains Calomyscus (Calomyscus bailwardi) were collected by live traps (Sherman traps, Havahart Traps and Locally made traps) from range of different habitats of two localities, Geno Protected Area in Hormozgan Province and Anjerk Prohibited Hunting Area in Kerman Province. These populations were compared according to morphometry and ecological characteristics. At first, four External and 16 cranial- dental characteristics were measured and then ratios of measured characteristics to head and Body length were calculated. The normality of data was computed by using Kolmogorov Smironov test. The results of Independent Sample T-Test showed that there are no significant differences between sexes. Descriptive statistics were calculated for characteristics and ratios. Also, in order to show variation between samples and the significance of external and cranial variables Independent Sample T-test was carried out. According to our field observations, this species is nocturnal. The results of analysis showed that the morphometric characteristics of C. bailwardi populations in these regions are slightly different. The results showed that there are significance differences in six from 20 characters (TL, HS, LCH, LPF, LTB and ZW) and six from 21 ratios (HFL/HBL, TL/HBL, LD/HBL, LTB/HBL, LPF/HBL and LM/HBL) in two regions.
, ,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (2-2010)
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: DNA vaccinations using Her2 gene have shown some success in immunotherapy of Her2-expressing tumors, but the potency needs to be greatly enhanced. Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) have shown to be potent adjuvant in immunotherapy of tumors and affect different aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses. We utilized the adjuvant effect of gp96 and attempted to gain two aims, firstly, production of a construct containing fusion of Her2 and gp96, and secondly, investigation of gene expression in the construct using green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene.
H Hosseinzadeh Sahafi,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (2-2010)
Abstract
During the last two decades 200 millions of kutum fingerlings were released into the Caspian Sea Rivers annually which supported more than 17 thousand tons of catch yield. Retrieving agents were used by many researchers for homing behavior of fishes. To understand the effects of morpholine on kutum fisheries return rate, this project was conducted from 2004 to 2008 using elastomer tagging method for return rate evaluation. Brooders were selected from Khoshkrud River and breeding were done in Shahid Ansari hatchery, Rasht. Totally 5480 fingerlings (4-5g.) were used for determining the dose effects of morpholine (3 treatments: 5×10-7, 5×10-5, 5×10-2mg/lit) in return rate and homing of fishes. Totally, 505 fish were caught out of which 34 had visible implant elastomer (Abc) tags. Return rate was higher in morpholine treatments (0.32%) compared to controls (0.09%). Results revealed that there were significant differences between kutum return rates exposed with 5×10-5mg/lit (0.62 %) with other treatments i.e.: 5×10-7 (0.15%) and 5×10-2 (0.37%) during the experimental period (P<0.001). There were significant differences in sex ratio [M(1.42): F(1)] in recaptured kutums in Khoshkrud River ( x2=6.4 &alpha= 0.05 df= 1).Recapturing rate was 6.7 % compare to recapture rate during last 5 year (5%) revealed that morpholine can be used for return rate enhancing in kutum fishes.
Volume 10, Issue 3 (2-2010)
Abstract
Ginger is one of the most valuable medical plants. It is a plant that contains most anti oxidant such as B, C and E vitamins and this plant is effective in sexual ability. In this research, the effect of ginger extract has been investigated on hormonal axis of hypophysis-gonad and spermatogenesis in immature mice of Balb/C. The used animals were 28 male mice with approximate weight about 15 to 18 grams and with the age about 25 to 30 days. The samples randomly were divided in to 4 groups that are contained control and sham and two treatment groups. Treatment animals, received 50 and 100 mg/kg of mentioned extracts respectively two weeks, intraperitoneally. During mentioned period, sham group received distilled water in intrapritoneally. Control group used of food and drinking water. The concentration of LH hormone serum levels showed significant decrease in treatment2 group and the concentration of FSH hormone also in each two treatment groups in comparison with control and sham groups. The concentration of testosterone hormone indicated significant increase (p<0/05) in treatment2 group in comparison with control and sham groups. Also results indicated that the number of spermatid and sperm cells have significant increase in treatment groups in comparison with control and sham groups. Also results indicated that the number of spermatocyte and leydig cells in treatment group indicated significant increase (p <0/05) as comparision with control and sham groups. So, according to obtained results, with increasing of the number of leydig cells and testosterone concentration, it can concluded that ginger may causes proliferation of sex cell in immature male mice.
Volume 10, Issue 3 (2-2010)
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Ovaprim, HCG and pituitary extract injection on biochemical parameters of seminal plasma in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) male broodstocks were compared. Biochemical parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, total protein, glucose and cholesterol) were measured by spectrophotometer while Na+ and K+ were analysed with flame photometer. There was a highly significant difference of seminal plasma Na+ and K+ among treatments (P<0/01), as the highest value of Na+ and K+ observed in the control group. There was a significant difference in Cl- among treatments (P<0/01) as the lowest value of Cl- observed in the control group, but there were no significant differences in Ca2+ and Mg2+ among treatments (P>0/05). Significant differences in cholesterol values in seminal plasma were observed among treatments (P<0/05), as the highest value was observed in HCG treatment. Also, there was a highly significant difference of seminal plasma glucose and total protein among treatments (P<0/01), the highest value observed in control group. The results of this study demonstrated that Ovaprim, HCG and pituitary extract injection have different effects on biochemical parameters of seminal plasma in cultured common carp.
