Showing 14 results for Ros
Volume 8, Issue 2 (10-2009)
Abstract
Propolis or bee-glue is a natural sticky material gathered in the hives by worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L. ,Apidae) from the growing parts of trees and shrubs (e.g., leaf buds, trunk wounds). Typical propolis has approximately 50 constituents, primarily resins and vegetable balsams (50%), waxes (30%), essential oils (10%), and pollen. At least, 180 different compounds have been identified so far in propolis. The aim of this study is to examaine antimutagenesis effects of cosmetic creams containing ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) against two mutagenic substances named sodium azide (NaN3) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) by Ames test and microsome. In this test, various strains of Salmonella typhymurium TA100 and TA97 were used each having selective mutation in their operon histidine. Mutant strains (His-) were grown on culture media containing minimum salt and glucose in the presence of mutagen substances above. So, only those bacteria that reversed by mutation (His+) could grow and form colonies on culture media. If antimutagen (EEP) and mutagen substances are gathered, the rate of reversed mutation is reduced and the percentage of mutation inhibition can be calculated by means of the formula. In addition, the significant difference between the average of revertants per plate of the sample in relation to the mutagens was assessed by using statistical software SPSS and interpreted by one-way variant statistical test. Finally the results of in vitro antimutagenicity tests revealed that propolis in 0.1-4% concentrations could inhibit mutagenicity of two mutagens mentioned above in a dose-dependent manner. Also the results of microsomal assay (S9) revealed that propolis has a very high potential for inhibition of mutation and cancer. For these reason, ethanolic extract of propolis in defined concentrations can be used in cream formulation due to these reason
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2010)
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) plants grown in hydroponic culture were treated with 50 &thinsp&mum CdCl2. Growth and metabolic parameters indicative of oxidative stress and antioxidant responses were studied in leaves and roots of plants. Apart from increasing lipid peroxidation, death cells and H2O2 accumulation, supply of Cd suppressed growth, fresh and dry mass of plants. The activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and gutathione reductase (GR) however increased in plants supplied with 50&thinsp&mumCd. Therefore, it can be concluded that a supply of 50&thinsp&mumCd induced oxidative stress by increasing production of ROS despite increased antioxidant protection in maize plants.
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2010)
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the effects of ultraviolet light (UVC) on the third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. To address such effects, double heterozygote larvae for two linked genes sepia and ebony (se e/++) were exposed to UV light at the wavelength of 254 nm in different exposure times (5-35 seconds). Our study showed that the UVC exposure induced a series of significant morphological abnormities in adult flies which had received radiation in their larval life-time. Short exposure times of UVC caused abnormalities in adult flies such as abdominal cuticular damages and abnormal legs and wings, but had no significant effect on the rate of gene recombination. Therefore, it seems the time of exposure which was used in this research affected some imaginal discs and histoblasts on the larvae.
, P Abrishamchi, M Lahoti,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (2-2011)
Abstract
Plant diseases especially plant viruses cause significant crop decrease. Meristem culture is the most important method for virus free plant production. The aim of this investigation was to establish an effective protocol for callus induction and plant regeneration from meristem culture of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. var.premier) tissues. Calli were induced from axillary meristems of Solanum tuberosum L. (cv. Premier) on MS medium containing 2,4-D (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mg/l) and kinetin (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/l). MS medium with 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/l kinetin, was effective for callus induction. Plantlets were regenerated after 9 weeks. In terms of shoot regeneration and its growth, 1 mg/l 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/l kinetin were the most effective treatment. Maximum number of leaves were produced by plantlets growing on MS medium containing 1 mg/l 2,4-D and 1 mg/l kinetin. High frequency of root formation and its growth were observed on the same medium.
Salman Rahmani,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (2-2011)
Abstract
An efficient, mild and environmentally- friendly approach was developed for the synthesis of bis arylidine cycloalkanones. SnCl4 was found as efficient catalyst for cross aldol condensation of cycloalkanones and aromatic aldehyde for synthesis of &alpha,&alpha'-bis(substituted-benzylidine) cycloalkanones in ethanol as a green solvent. In this method, the reaction works easily for a variety of aldehydes with both electron-donating and electron-with-drawing groups to give corresponding &alpha,&alpha’-bis(substituted-benzylidene) cyclohexanones in good to excellent yields. Comparing the known methods, the main advantages of our method are short time, user-friendly, low cost procedure, clean and environmentally benign reagents with ease of separation of the product and mild reaction condition with good to excellent yield for products
Saeed Irian, A. Darash,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2013)
Abstract
Species of the genus Citrus grow in different parts of Fars province. The present study aimed at investigating the ontogeny of Citrus grandis pollen grains and petal secretory sacs. Flowers and blossoms were collected from the gardens located in Jahrome during the flowering period, fixed in FAA and stored in 70% ethanol. Samples were prepared and embedded in paraffin and sectioned using a rotary microtome. To examine petal secretory sacs, petals were placed in a glycerine-alcohol mixture, and sections were prepared for light microscopy using a sterilized razor blade. Results showed anthers with four pollen sacs. Cytokinesis appeared simultaneous, and the microspore tetrads were of a tetrahedral type. Pollen grains at a time of dispersal have two cells, containing four vegetative openings with reticulo-faveolate decorations. In the initial petals, three tissues were detected with tightly packed dividing cells. Throughout petal developmental stages, the rate of epidermal cell division was reduced, while parenchymal tissue differentiation was limited to an increase in cell dimensions, cell wall thickening and the intercellular space. In addition, the number and size of the vascular bundles increased during growth. The formation of petal secretory sacs is limited to the first stage of its development, while later in the development, this structure only increased in dimensions. In conclusion, based on our histological examinations, Citrus grandispetal secretory sacs change in a five stage process
Bahman Rahimzadeh, Jamshid Hasanzadeh, Fariborz Masoudi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (2-2014)
Abstract
Gabbroic stocks and dykes associated with Ophiolitic Basalts and peridotites are outcropped in the Sawlava town area. Sawlava ophiolite is part of Kurdistan Ophiolitic complex that located in sheared zone between high Zagros and northern Sanandaj-sirjan Zone. This study focused geochemistry and dating of granular and pegmatoid gabbros that due to closing to main recent fault (MRF) some part of them found milonitic fabric. Gabbros have 47.84 to 51.65 percent SiO2 and almost formed from tholeiitic magma. Labradorite plagioclase and diopside and augite clinopyroxens with Mg# of 83.90 to 88.90 respectivly are main minerals of gabbros. Based on geochemical and geotectonic diagrams, gabbros generated from slightly deplete magma which formed in back arc supra-subduction zone. U-Pb dating of zircons presents an average age of 38.3±1.3 Ma for gabbros. Late Eocene age from Sawlava gabbros and similar gabbros bodies related to ophiolites along Zagros suture, could indicate that neo-tethyan ocean closed after Eocene in the Kurdistan region.
Rajabali Ebrahimi,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (6-2015)
Abstract
Department of Chemistry, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran High frequency sound wave, ultrasound, is widely used to facilitate chemical reactions, especially in the polymerization reactions.This paper reports a study which synthesized acrylic hydrogel in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation (20-kHz, power 80%, pulse 8) in a water/glycerol medium. Acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AAm) were used as acrylic monomers, and methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as the crosslinker. The experiments were performed at a constant temperature of 37 °C. It was found that hydrogel formation is faster in the presence of ultrasound than in its absence. In addition, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and SEM spectroscopy showed that the hydrogel synthesized ultrasonically has a higher swelling capacity and a more uniform and porous structure. It was also discovered that hydrogel formation speeds up at higher quantities of glycerol. However, an increase in crosslinker concentration proved ineffective although it changed the appearance of the hydrogel. The method proposed in this research can be used in the synthesis of biomedical materials and in the development of drug delivery systems.
E Hoveazi, M Nabiuni, K Parivar, M Masomi, J Agh,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Today, induced pluripotent cells (iPS) have been recognized as a new and good cell source for cell therapy. In this study, we examined whether human iPS cells, cultured on scaffolds, can differentiate into definitive endodermal cells, as precursor for hepatocytes, pancreatic and lung cells. Embryoid bodies (EBs) composed of iPS cells then EBs were seeded on electrospinning nanofiber scaffold (PCL). The cells were differentiated into definitive endoderm by using IDE1(induced definitive endoderm). Expression of definitive endoderm markers including Sox17, FoxA2 and Gsc were confirmed by Immunocytochemistry attaining and RT-PCR analysis. In the present study, cells morphology and cells viability were evaluated by using a scanning electron microscopy and MTT assay respectively.The results of this study demonstrated the positive effect of 3D cultures, by using suitable factors, on definitive endoderm differentiation.definitive endoderm by using IDE1(induced definitive endoderm). Expression of definitive endoderm markers including Sox17, FoxA2 and Gsc were confirmed by Immunocytochemistry attaining and RT-PCR analysis. In the present study, cells morphology and cells viability were evaluated by using a scanning electron microscopy and MTT assay respectively.The results of this study demonstrated the positive effect of 3D cultures, by using suitable factors, on definitive endoderm differentiation.
, Soheila Parsa Pana,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (2-2015)
Abstract
The genus Pedicularis with 600-800 species is a semiparasitic plant distributed mostly in cold and mountainous regions of the northern hemisphere . In this study, nine species of this genus in the flora of Iran has been studied by electron microscopy . The surface of stigma of P. pycnantha and P. wilhelmsiana are flat. It is hemispherical in P. cabulica , P. caucasica , P. rechingeri, P. sibthorpii, P. condensate, P. strausii and conical only in P. rhinanthoides . In order to determine relationships between species, numerical analysis was carried out using 44 quantitative and qualitative of morphological, anatomical and palynological traits. The diagrams obtained from UPGMA and PCA methods were used to establish the relationship between the studied specie. Based on the results of the analysis, traits such as fruit pericarp thickness , spongy parenchyma thickness of leaf , stem height , stem thickness , total thickness of the stem and midrib length with high variability can be useful for species determination and evaluation of the similarities between them.
Reza Alipoor, Seyed Ahmed Alavi, , , ,
Volume 16, Issue 41 (5-2015)
Abstract
In this research, changes in structural geometry of thrusting of the Aghajari anticline on the Marun anticline in Dezful Embayment (SW Iran) have been studied based on seismic reflection data. These two anticlines have a NW –SE trends and thrusting of the Aghajari anticline on the Marun anticline is located in North of the study area. The Marun anticline with visible plunge is forming in the south of study area and 4 and 5 seismic profiles, and most of deformation is concentrated in Aghajari anticline. Also, Marun anticline has formed in the middle of the study area, but thrusts not formed in this part of anticline and maximum thrusting of Aghajari anticline on the Marun anticline is visible. There is a shallow thrust in south limb of two anticlines in northern part and an upper thrust from Gachsaran formation exposed from progressive deformation and finally a shallow thrust propagate to surface in both anticlines in the end of NW parts of study area and back thrusts separate from main shallow thrust in two anticlines. But unlike the Aghajari anticline, an upper thrust from Gachsaran formation propagates to surface with progressive deformation in the Marun anticline showing low depth of the Marun anticline.
F Noori Sandbani, H Azizi,
Volume 16, Issue 42 (5-2015)
Abstract
Gabbroic bodies with NW-SE trend outcropped in the southwest of Sahneh in the north of Gamassiab River, W. Iran are part of Zagros ophiolite . This complex is separated from the other geological units by deep faults and cut by pyroxenitic dikes. The field evidences, petrographic, geochemical and mineral paragenesis of these rocks are completely different from the fresh and un-altered gabbroic rocks. Furthermore the high ratios of 143Nd/144Nd (0.512945-0.513021) and low ratios of 87Sr/86Sr (0.70334-0.70656) indicate the sub-oceanic depleted mantle source for the origin of these rocks. Low variation of 143Nd/144Nd ratios, increasing of 87Sr/86Sr ratios, decreasing of SiO2 and increasing of CaO and Al2O3 mainly concludes the high reaction of gabbroic rocks with seawater. The pargenetic assemblages of altered gabbros are grossular/hydrogrossular, anderadite, epidote, idocrase (vesuvianite) and diopside. The mineral paragenesis reveals that the rodingitization was occurred by reaction of gabbroic bodies with high alkali water at a shallow depth
Volume 18, Issue 47 (4-2007)
Abstract
One of the most important subjects of watershed basins is the protection of soil and water resources with regarding to control of erosion and sediment yield. The empirical methods for estimation of erosion rates and sediment yield measures such as PSIAC and EPM more emphasize environmental factors so mach so that the important lithological agents are not considered. Therefore, in this research attempts are made to propose a suitable and comprehensive method for inherent sensitivity of lithological units. To this end rock units are classified based on mineralogical composition and their textures in 10 orders of erodibility. The order of erodibility of each formation will be hased on average of lithological components. This method is used for microcontinental plate of central Iran to evaluate the model. Based on outcomes of the mentioned classification, more than 83 percents of rock units are classified from moderate- weak to totally loose and sensitive order. In average, the basin is categorized as very sensitive to erosion. With regarding to obtained results in comparison to specific sediment yield rate that obtained from statistical analysis of observed measures, the accuracy and the ability of the method is confirmed.
Volume 18, Issue 53 (7-2003)
Abstract
Karkheh River is the third largest river in the west part of Iran, regarding its high flow. During raining seasons the overflow of Karkheh river destroys villages, bridges, pumping stations and farms in Khozestan plain. In this research by taking samples from water and river banks and beds, and performing different test such as conducting sediment logical and geotechnical test, the capability of marginal erosion and its causes were taken into consideration. Investigations show that the river progresses few meters per year toward the outer – bank. The reasons for this process are as follows. a. Low-grade compaction of the bank sediments. b. Differences between the compaction of the marginal layers. c. Low cohesive of sedimentary layers, which are exposed. d. The presence of disperses minerals in some layers. e. Disregarding the control factors for preventing the marginal erosion. In order to prevent marginal erosion of the river the use of plant cover, construction structures such as retaining wall, rock mesh structure or the construction of artificial cut-off are proposed.
