Research in Sport Medicine and Technology

The effects of eight weeks resistance training on α -1A protein of pre-synaptic P-Q-type calcium channels in FHL and soleus muscles of rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks resistance
training (RT) on α -1A protein of pre-synaptic P-Q-type Calcium Channels in
FHL and soleus muscles of rats. 16 male wistar rats provided from razi institute,
randomly divided to 2 groups (Control-Sham; n=8 and Resistance Training; n=
8). Training group conducted 8 weeks (5 session/week) resistance program on
special 1 meter height ladder (divided by 26 stairs) with loading 30% body
weight (suspended from the tail) in the first week and increased to 200% BW in
the last week. Training includes 3 set of 4 reps. with 3 min. rest between sets.
Measuring α -1A protein with Western Blotting and independent T test showed
that the amount of this protein insignificantly increased in FHL muscles of RT
group (FHL: 77.88±10.67 vs. Control: 70.01± 6.28 and soleus: 72.71±19.72 vs.
Control: 72.57 ± 20.20). This insignificant increase in α -1A protein in FHL, can
shows an responsiveness of pre-synaptic P-Q-type Calcium Channels of
muscles following resistance training for improving Ach release from presynaptic
terminal, noted in NMJ adaptations . In conclusion, we can express
that probably resistance training can be a main factor for α -1A protein improving
in muscles and this case should be study in future investigations with high
volume and intensities training

Design and fabrication of three axes accelerometer

Technology can provide safety in physical practices and improving the
performance of these activities, so manufacturing of equipments for these
purposes has been considered widely. The aim of the present paper was design
and fabrication of three-axis accelerometer. hree acceleration sensors, three
gyroscopes for angular velocity measurement, a microcontroller for converting
analog data to digital, a semiconductor memory for storing the sampled data, a
rechargeable battery and a spreadsheet in MATLAB environment have been
used. In order to examine the validity of fabricated instrument, the earth gravity
acceleration in three perpendicular axes have been measured and compared
with 9.8m/S2. In order to examine the reliability of the fabricated accelerometer
the ICC and test-re-test method have been used. The results showed that the
accelerometer has both reliability and validity. Due to its special features, it
enables us to sample in the offline mode and wireless manner. Such system
may be used for

Concentric plantar flexor torque deficits in female athletes with functional ankle instability

After an ankle injury, residual symptoms can followed to recurrent sprain in
physical activity and 30% of its lead to functional ankle instability (FAI)
Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the isokinetic concentric and
eccentric torque measures of the ankle musculature to body weight in female
athletes with and without FAI.30 female athletes, who play in pro league of
Tehran, participated in this descriptive study. Participants were assessed using
questionnaire and clinical tests. Isokinetic measurement speed for inversion and
eversion was 60 and plantar flexion and dorsi flexion was 120 degree/
second.Data were analyzed by independent T- test.The results indicated a
significant difference in peak torque of concentric plantar flexor to body weight
in FAI and healthy groups (P<0.05).Therefore, concentric plantar flexion may be
an important contributing factor to FAI; this finding could also lead to more
effective protocols in the treatment and rehabilitation of FAI

Relationship between anthropometric characteristics with the performance velocity of Gyaku-zuki technique in elite female Karatekas

Abstract
Identification of one karateka pave the way to reach the top honor. One of the
parameters affecting at success of kumite players is The performance velocity
of techniques. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship
between anthropometric characteristics with the performance velocity of Gyakuzuki
technique in Elite female Karatekas. Thirty-one senior female kumite
competitors of the Sepahan Mobarakeh Foolad karate team participated in this
study. Somatotype and The anthropometric profile were measured. Also, The
performance velocity of techniques was evaluated using quintic software. The
findings showed that The mean somatotype of Karatekas was 3.9 - 4.8 – 3.1
(values for endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph, respectively). The
Mesomorphic component strongly correlated with velocity of techniques Gyakuzuki.
While, The values height, sitting height and humorous bone length
negative correlated with velocity of technique Gyaku-zuki. The results indicated
that the somatotype and anthropometric characteristics influence on the
performance velocity of Gyaku-zuki technique

The relationship between anthropometric characteristics and hip joint flexibility among teenaged girls in football schools

The purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship between
Anthropometric characteristics and hip joint flexibility among teenaged girls in
football schools. The population of this study comprised 120 teenaged girls from
football schools of Mashhad. 40 teenaged girls of the population with mean and
standard deviation of age 13/90±0/84 years, weight 51/62±6/51 kg, and height
156/35±4/22 cm as subjects participated. The Anthropometric variables
including calf length, tight length, calf circumference, hip circumference, knee
diameter, pelvic width, and thickness of subcutaneous fat of iliac crest, iliac,
front tight, middle of the calf, range of motion in flexion and extension were
measured. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and
Pearson correlation coefficient with significant level of p < 0.05. The results
showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between thickness
of subcutaneous fat in front tight, middle of the calf and the range of motion in
hip flexion. However, there is a positive and significant relationship between
pelvic width and the range of motion in hip extension. The results of the present
study demonstrated that there is a relationship between thickness of
subcutaneous fat and pelvic width and hip joint flexibility

Predicting sprint performance of front-crawl swimming in young swimmers with an emphasis on biomechanical, muscle architectural and anthropometrical factors

Youth swimming performance may be influenced by anthropometric,
physiology, and biomechanical factors. The purpose of this study was to
analyze the relationships between 50-m front-crawl swimming performance and
relevant anthropometrical (body height, body mass, body mass index, arm
span, shoulders width, thigh, leg and upper arm lengths), muscle architectural
(muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length) and biomechanical
(stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke index) parameters in male young
swimmers, with 13.86±0.86 years of age (n = 23). Multiple regression analysis
was used to examine the variance of the 50 meters front-crawl. Results indicate
that stroke index, muscle thickness of Vastus Lateralis, and stroke length
explained %89 (p < .01) of 50-m front-crawl swimming performance variability in
these young male swimmers, and stroke index was the best single predictor of
swimming performance (R2=0.519, p<0.001). To conclude, performance of
young male swimmers in the 50 meters front-crawl is determined predominantly
by biomechanical and muscle architectural factors, and must be considered
when predicting success in young swimmers

Comparison the Effect of Kinesiotaping with Stretching of Upper Trapezius Muscle in Neck Pain due to Forward Head Posture

Introduction: This research aimed to compare two methods of kinesiotaping
and stretching of upper trapezius muscle in treatment of neck pain due to
forward head posture.
Research Methods: Design of this research was semi-experimental. 36
subjects (29 female and 7 men) with forward head posture between 20-40 years
of age with no history of neck pain due to vertebral fracture, disc herniation,
tumors, radicular pain to hands and arthritis rheumatoid were selected for this
research and assigned randomly into 2 groups with 18 subjects. One group
received kinesiotaping treatment and the other group received stretching upper
trapezius muscle treatment. Subjects received 10 treatment sessions 3 times
per week. All subjects completed visual analog scale (VAS) and neck disability
index (NDI) pre and post-tests. The data were analyzed with significant level of
p≤0/05. Data were analyzed by SPSS 15. Statistical paired t- test were used to
analyze effects of kinesiotaping and stretching of upper trapezius muscle in
reduction of neck pain and disability due to forward head posture in each group
and independent t- test were used to compare the kinesiotaping with stretching
of upper trapezius muscle in reduction of neck pain and disability due to forward
head posture.

Results: The results of the present research indicated that there is a significant
reduction in severity of neck pain and disability in both groups (P<0.05), But
there is no significant difference between two groups in severity of neck pain
and disability (P>0.05).
Conclusion: This research showed that either kinesiotaping or stretching of
upper trapezius muscle reduced severity of neck pain and disability due to
trigger points of upper trapezius muscle significantly. Also findings of this
research showed that there is no significant difference between kinesiotaping or
stretching of upper trapezius muscle in reduction of severity of neck pain and
disability. Therefore kinesiotaping can be used in case of vigorous pain either in
patient under other treatment methods or in patient who cannot tolerate
techniques like stretching or ischemic pressure until tolerable pain threshold.

Provincial description of somatotype profile of 9-13 years old Iranian boys in martial arts

Introduction: Different sports require athletes with special shape and size.
Findings of researches have reported the relationship between somatotype
components and athletic performance, similarity of somatotype of junior and
senior athletes in the same sport and, consistency of somatotype through
lifespan. In according to the fact that, somatotype is related to genetic factors
and not influenced by training and nutrition, this index can be helpful in
identification of talents. Lack of investigation examining somatotype profile of
Iranian population, the aim of present study was to describe somatotype profile
of Iranian 9-13 years old boys of country provinces in martial sports.
Methodology: present investigation is descriptive and field study. Population is
9-13 years old boys who participated in Basij Sport Organization leisure time
programs. Sample includes 1726 boys in that age rang. Anthropometric
characteristics were measured using ISAK instruction and somatotpye was
assessed using Heath-Carter method.
Findings: results showed that Ectomorphic component of Iranian boys was 3.1,
Mesomorphy was 4.1 and Endomorphic was 3.1. also revealed that the Iranian
9-13 years old boys have balanced mesomorph somatotype.
Discussion: based on previous researches, elite Karateka in worldwide top
teams like Germany have Ectomorph-Mesomorph type, also somatotype of elite
taekwondo ka is Ectomorph-Mesomorph too and in Judo somatotype of elite
athletes is Balanced Mesomorphy. Based on the finding of present study the
boys of Ilam, Fars, Qazvin, Qom, Lorestan, Khorasan Razavi and Yazd have
Ectomorph-Mesomorph somatotype and, boys in Mazandaran, Kerman,
Kemanshah, Kurdestan, Markazi, Azarbayjan Sharghi, Khouzestan and
Bousher provinces have balanced mesomorph somatotye.