Showing 132 results for Ph
Shiva Tabatabaie Roodsati, Alireza Iranbakhsh, . Mansoureh Shamili, Zahra Oraghi Ardabili,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (12-2022)
Abstract
Selenium, a non-essential element for plants, is essential for animals as well as human beings. Although the role of selenium in plants is yet to be properly understood, previous researches have shown that this element can affect plant growth and metabolism. In this study, the effect of foliar application of selenium nanoparticles (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L) and sodium selenate (0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/L) on the physiological and biochemical responses of bell pepper (Capsicum anumm L.) was investigated. The potential changes in various growth and biochemical indices were evaluated in response to the treatments. According to the results, selenium treatments at concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/L reduced the biomass accumulation in both roots and shoots. These treatments also increased the content of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde. The foliar application of selenium led to the increase of the concentrations of soluble phenols, proline and thiols. The activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase were increased in response to the selenium treatments. The protease activity displayed a similar upward trend following the selenium treatments.
Sarehi Ebrahimi, Seyed Mehdi Razavi, Mansour Afshar Mohammmadian,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Abstract
The increase of the entry of industrial effluents containing various types of heavy metals into water and soil leads to the ever-increasing spread of environmental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to find less expensive solutions to reduce the pollution. In this regard, in order to compare the effect of the removal of heavy elements on some of the morphological and physiological characteristics of C. alternifolius, Ch. zizanioides and Aloe vera plants, an experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications for 14 months at the University of Guilan. The results showed that under the treatment of industrial wastewater, the metal accumulation indices (MAI) of zinc, chromium, lead, copper, manganese, nickel, magnesium were higher in Ch. zizanioides and Aloe vera than those in C. alternifolius. In all three studied plants, the indices of root length, shoot length, total biomass and tolerance index (TI) had a significant decrease compared with those in the control plants, and Ch. zizanioides and A. vera plants had the lowest percentage of decrease. In addition, other investigated components including absorption index (UI), total soluble sugar, total phenol content, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin, total tannin, and DPPH free radical inhibition percentage increased in all three plants under industrial wastewater treatment. The highest percentage of increase in all investigated components, except DPPH free radical inhibition percentage, was observed in Ch. zizanioides. In general, it can be said that in terms of MAI and morphological and physiological characteristics, Ch. zizanioides and A. vera were more successful than the C. alternifolius. Therefore, it is recommended to plant the studied plants in the order of priority (Ch. zizanioides ˃ A. vera ˃ C. alternifolius) in soils contaminated with industrial effluents, in order to remediate the soil.
Mina Azhary, Elham Ahmadi,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Molluscs are important pests of natural and agricultural ecosystems, by feeding on different parts of leaves, stems, flowers, buds, fruits and roots of different plant hosts, reducing the marketability of annual agricultural products and damage plant species in different habitats in the country. Moreover, they are intermediate hosts of human and cattle parasites, and therefore are of medicinal and veterinary importance. In this study, snails and slugs were sampled from nine designated stations located in the south and west regions of Tehran province, considering their natural condition, vegetation, location of gardens and fields, soil or subsoil types, from the beneath of rocks and trunks, water bodies and other areas related to the habitat of snails and slugs. Samples were made using sampling nets or gathered directly by hand from plants, shrubs and river banks. Overally, 17 species belonging to 12 genera from nine families were collected and identified. Identification was done according to morphometric characters including shape, size of shell, dextral and sinistral position of the shell, operculum, aperture, radula, mucus colour, respiratory pore, keel, renal ridge and reproduction system. The highest and lowest mollusc species diversity among the stations studied were turned to be 16 and 6 species belong to station 9 (west of Tehran province) and station 2 (south of Tehran province), respectively. The most commonly diversed family was Hellicidae with 5 species, i.e., Monacha cantiana, Euomphalia pisiformis, Helicella krynickii, Helicella derbentina, Caucasotachea atrolabiata. Also, Lymnaea truncatula is identified as the most frequent species, which has medical importance. Monacha cantiana was identified in the present study and reported for the first time from Iran. All the samples and their respective spatial and temporal information were made available in the museum of the Agricultural Zoology Research Department in Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection.
Yasaman Salmaki, Mahya Khakpash,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Stachys sect. Satureoides includes four species characterized by being annual herbs having oblanceolate leaves, urceolate calyx in fruit and dense hairs at mouth and are distributed from Eastern and Southern Turkey, Syria, Northern Iraq to Western Iran. The main aim of present study is to determine the phylogenetic placement of S. sect. Satureoides based on Stachys melampyroides, as the only representative of this section in Iran. The present molecular study was conducted based on nuclear ribosomal ITS marker, using Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference analyses. In total, 86 accessions (including nine outgroups and 77 ingroups) were included. Our results demonstrated that sect. Satureoides was placed in Olisia clade which is one of the most heterogenous and taxonomically challenging clades of Stachys as a paraphyletic genus. Moreover, not only sect. Satureoides was not found to be phylogenetically close to sect. Neurocalyx, as had been suggested by previous morphological studies, but also it was placed as a sister group of sect Fragilicaulis which was characterized by chasmophilus species with fragile stems and yellow flowers. Our results revealed that sect. Neurocalyx could be the closest group to the Satureoides+Fragilicaulis clade. In addition, based on the nrITS phylogenetic tree, annual species of Stachys showed affinity to perennial Stachys species. Hence, it seems that “Annual habit” have been evolved among their perennial ancestors, independently.
Elmira Shokoohi, Omid Sofalian, Ali Asghari, Saeid Khomari, Behrooz Esmaielpour, Hamed Aflatooni,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Chickpea is one of the most important plants of the legume family and is very important in the diet. In order to investigate the genetic diversity of chickpea, an experiment was conducted with 18 chickpea genotypes in the form of a completely to investigate the genetic diversity of chickpea, an experiment was conducted with 18 chickpea genotypes in the form of a completely randomized block design. After acclimatization of plants to cold, freezing treatment was applied at temperatures of -6, -8 and -10 and their 50% lethality temperature (LT50) was determined by probit transformation. Before and after the habituation stage, a leaf sample was taken and the relative content of leaf water, photosynthetic pigments, proline, soluble sugar, protein percentage, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and greenness index were measured. Genotype number 5 with the lowest LT50 (-8.86) and the highest survival percentage (80%) was the most resistant genotype and genotype 10 with the highest LT50 (-3.57) and the lowest survival percentage along with genotype 15 were recognized as the most sensitive genotypes. In order to evaluate genetic diversity, DNA extraction was utilized and 21 different ISSR primers were used in the investigation. The results showed the presence of polymorphism among the cultivars studied. A total of 101 clear bands were produced, of which 94 were polymorphic bands. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was in the range of 0.332 (initiator 7) to 0.049 (initiator 16). The amount of gene diversity was between 0.126 and 0.977 changes. Cluster analysis of genotypes was done using Jaccard similarity coefficient and UPGMA method
Ali Jahangiri Zarkani, Mousa Keshavarz, Adnan Shahdadi,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
Barnacles are bottom-dwelling crustaceans that live on a variety of substrates, including rocks, mollusk shells, corals, sponges, mangrove roots and leaves, and the body surface of turtles and whales. The present study deals with the species Microeuraphia permitini on the shores of Bandar Abbas in two stations of mangrove forest and rocky beach in a period of two months, and has investigated the morphometrics of the specimens, while considering the effect of the lunar cycle on reproduction, temperature and wind speed of the environment. Five longitudinal parameters (height, basal length and width, opercular length and width) were recorded. The results showed that 90% and 70% of the samples of both stations had eggs in the second day (new moon) and eighth days of lunar months, respectively, and in the twelfth day of the lunar month (full moon) all samples contained eggs. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the height and base length of the barnacle, but the difference between the opercular length, opercular width and base width is not significant. In addition, in both of mangrove and rocky stations, there was the highest correlation coefficient between opercular length and width (r=0.84 and r=0.78, respectively). The lowest correlation coefficient in mangrove station was between base length and opercular width (r=0.5) and in rocky station between height and base width (r=0.2). The wind pattern was variable during this period and the approximate decrease of the north wind was seen during the sampling period. Air temperature changes were seen between minimum 30 °C and maximum 39 °C. In addition to the tidal cycle, wind and temperature can affect the spawning of the species as an environmental stress factor.
Narjes Rezazadeh Moghadam, Asghar Zamani,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract
The family Verbenaceae, currently consists of Verbena and Phyla genera in different parts of Iran, especially northern provinces. The frame of this family has undergone significant changes in comparison with the previous references. For example, Vitex and Clerodendrum have been defined as the genera of this family in previous references. Accordingly, in this study, the relationship among these four genera has been evaluated using morphological and leaf anatomical characters of 20 samples. For this purpose, 67 qualitative and quantitative morphological and anatomical traits were used. The analysis of data was performed using R software ver. 4.3.1. For simultaneous analysis of quantitative and qualitative data, Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) method was applied. The results of this study indicate the high value of some quantitative traits such as main vein xylem length, seed width, style length and blade width and some qualitative traits such as blade epidermal cells shape, stomata position, two arms of blade position in relation to each other, indumentum type, main vein epidermal cells shape, petal color, blade vascular bundles number, density of indumentum, leaf margin shape and stem branches length in the clustering of the genera. Totally, Analysis of data led to the separation of these genera. In accordance with the phylogenetic studies, Vitex and Clerodendrum show more affinity to each other and are separated from the currently native members of Verbenaceae in Iran, i.e. Verbena and Phyla.
Saeideh Khamushi, Fatemeh Nejadhabibvash,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the essential oil chemical composition of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge were inoculated by spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation Glomus caledonium and foliar application of zinc chelate levels (0, 2, 4 and 8 g/L) in 2019, at Zarrin Giah greenhouse of Urmia city in West Azerbaijan Province, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plants were harvested at full flowering stage. Essential oils were obtained by Clevenger apparatus and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Comparison of means by Duncan's multiple range test showed that inoculation with Glomus caldonium had no significant effect on the essential oil yield of Satureja bachtiarica flowering shoots, but the foliar application of zinc chelate had statistically significant effect. However, there was no difference among different concentrations of zinc chelate in terms of effect on essential oil yield. The treatments also changed the essential oil composition compared to the essential oil of the control group. These changes included the reduction of beta-caryophyllene, sabinen hydrate, borneol and carvacryl acetate compounds and the increase of citral and octyl phthalate in the plant inoculated with mycorrhiza, as well as the increase of carvacrol in the essential oil of plants treated with zinc chelate. Also, inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and zinc chelate foliar application increased the amount of sesquiterpene & diterpene and monoterpene compounds, respectively.
Dr. Atta Mouludi-Saleh, Dr. Soheil Eagderi, Dr. Hadi Poorbagher, Dr. Hamid Reza Esmaeili,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the ecological niche overlap of two sympatric species, Paracapoeta trutta and Capoeta damascina in the Iranian part of the Sirvan River, Persian Gulf basin. For this purpose, during the winter of 2021, sampling was done from eight stations (each with three repetitions). After identification, samples were released into the same sampling sites. Then some 10 environmental factors including depth, water velocity, river width, pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Altitude, slope, and dissolved oxygen were measured and recorded. Investigating the habitat suitability indices of P. trutta were recorded as pH 7.5-8, temperature about 10°C, TDS 150mg/liter, EC 400μS/cm, altitude 1150 m, depth 15cm, river width about 9m, velocity 1 m/s, slope 2% and dissolved oxygen 9mg/l and for C. damascina as pH 6-6.5, temperature about 10°C, TDS 180 to 200mg/l, EC 300μS/cm, altitude 1150m, depth 25cm, river width about 6m, velocity 0.5 m/s, the slope is 2% and the dissolved oxygen 8mg. The results of the ecological niche overlap showed that two species based on studied environmental factors had the highest overlap value for dissolved oxygen (0.646) and the value for temperature (0.293). The average ecological niche overlap was 0.432 for the two species.
Mina Rabie, Younes Asri, Fatemeh Sefidkon,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (8-2024)
Abstract
Abstract. Seseli olivieri (Apiaceae) is an exclusive species of the Alborz Mountains, Iran. In this research, the effect of environmental conditions on the vegetative traits and essential oil compounds of this species was investigated. For this purpose, three habitats with different heights were selected and the vegetative characteristics of this species were measured. In each habitat, soil samples and flowering branches of this species were collected and analyzed in the laboratory. The relationship between the functional traits of this species and environmental factors was determined using CA and PCA. Variance analysis of functional traits and soil parameters showed a significant difference between the three habitats. The highest values of vegetative traits were related to Tuyeh habitat. In Tange Kavard habitat, the main effective substances were Apiol and cis-Cadina-1(6),4-diene; in Enzo habitat, Apiol and Bornyl acetate; and in the Tuyeh habitat, Bornyl acetate and α-Pinene. Among the environmental factors, altitude, annual precipitation, annual temperature, minimum temperature of the coldest month, minimum absolute temperature, lime and nitrogen had the most significant correlation with the functional traits of this plant. Based on the IUCN criteria, the conservation status of this species was determined in the critically endangered.
Dr. Ebrahim Fani, Dr. Mojtaba Mokari,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (8-2024)
Abstract
In recent years, the use of machine learning methods in various fields of agriculture is increasing, and these methods provide us with very good information for predicting and checking different levels of performance in plants. In the current research, according to the results of the preliminary experiment carried out previously with specific levels of salinity stress and fertilization (salinity stress levels of zero, 75 and 150 mM sodium chloride and fertilization levels of zero and 3 grams per liter of silica) which were previously carried out and using the nonlinear regression model (NLR) and Python programming language, the morphological and physiological traits of the fenugreek medicinal plant at the newly defined levels of salinity stress and silica fertilization (salinity of up to 300 mM level and silica fertilization in two levels of 1 and 2 grams per liter) were predicted without conducting practical tests and based on the levels of salinity and initial fertilization. The non-linear regression model is a widely used algorithm in data analysis where the relationship between variables is non-linear and can create meaningful relationships between variables using non-linear functions. The results showed that the positive effect of silica on the amount of chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) can be seen from zero to 180 mM salinity level and the amount of greenness index (SPAD) from zero to 100 mM salinity level. It seems that according to the results of the present research, it is possible to use machine learning to investigate and analyze the morphological and physiological characteristics of the fenugreek medicinal plant at other defined levels of salinity stress and other defined silica fertilization with no need conduct a practical experiment.
Ms Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani, Ms Khadijeh Khani, Ms Neda Azizi, Ms Rana Valizadeh Kamran,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of drought stress (field capacity, 50 and 30% of field capacity) and foliar spraying with selenium and carbon quantum dots nanoparticles (zero and 2 mg L-1) on the growth and some physiological traits of rosemary; A factorial experiment was conducted in the form of completely randomized design in the research greenhouse of Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University during 2023. Irrigation at field capacity and 50% of field capacity with carbon quantum dot spray increased the aerial part dry weight, nitrogen, and soluble solids content in the plant. The highest malondialdehyde content was observed in the 30% field capacity in the condition without foliar spraying. The proline content was increased by 50 and 30% field capacity with the application of carbon quantum dot nanoparticles. Field capacity treatments, 50 and 30% of field capacity with carbon quantum dot foliar application increased the essential oil content. Rlative water content, carotenoid, chlorophyll b and phosphorus content increased in the field capacity and 50% field capacity treatment with both nanoparticles foliar application. Overall, the results showed that the use of carbon quantum dot nanoparticles had a positive effect on the growth and physiological traits of plants under drought stress
